| 单词 | 有争议 |
| 释义 | 〔Asch〕Polish-born American Yiddish writer who sought to reconcile Judaism and Christianity in his controversial novels, such asThe Nazarene (1939). 阿施，肖洛姆：(1880-1957) 波兰裔美国意第绪语作家，在其有争议的小说中试图使犹太教和基督教得到和解，如《拿撒勒人》 （1939年） 〔Callaghan〕British prime minister (1976-1979) who as Chancellor of the Exchequer (1964-1967) introduced controversial tax measures.卡拉汉，（伦纳德）詹姆斯：(生于 1912) 英国首相（1976至1979年），在任财政大臣期间（1964至1967年）采取了有争议的税务措施〔Hayes〕The 19th President of the United States (1877-1881). Winning the controversial election of 1876 by one electoral vote, he pacified the South by removing federal troops (1877), vetoed a bill restricting Chinese immigration (1879), and stemmed a congressional attempt to weaken the presidency.海斯，卢瑟福·彼尔查德：(1822-1893) 美国第十九任总统(1877-1881年），1876年通过一次选举拉票获得了有争议的胜利，1877年撤走联邦军队以安抚南方，1879年否决了一项限制中国移民的提案并遏止了国会削弱总统权力的企图〔controversial〕Of, producing, or marked by controversy:有争议的：争论的、引起争论的或有争议的：〔march〕A tract of land bordering on two countries and claimed by both.有争议的边界地区：两国都宣称拥有主权的两国之间的一块土地〔Spinoza〕Dutch philosopher and theologian whose controversial pantheistic doctrine advocated an intellectual love of God. His best-known work isEthics (1677). 斯宾诺莎，布鲁克：(1632-1677) 荷兰哲学家及神学家，他的颇有争议的泛神论主义在知识分子中引发了对上帝的热爱之情。他最为著名的著作为《伦理学》 （1671年） 〔refer〕To submit (a matter in dispute) to an authority for arbitration, decision, or examination.遵照：提交（有争议的事件）给权威机构仲裁、决定或检查〔authorship〕a poem of disputed authorship.出处有争议的诗篇〔heresy〕Adherence to such controversial or unorthodox opinion.离经叛道：坚持这种有争议的或非正统的观点〔suggestive〕a controversial song with highly suggestive lyrics.歌词极具诱惑性的有争议的歌〔utilize〕A number of critics have remarked thatutilize is an unnecessary substitute for use. It is true that many occurrences ofutilize could be replaced by use with no loss to anything but pretentiousness, for example, in sentences such asBarbara utilized (prefer used ) questionable methods in her analysis or We hope that many commuters will continue to utilize (prefer use ) mass transit after the bridge has reopened. Bututilize can mean "to find a profitable or practical use for.” Thus the sentenceThe teachers were unable to use the new computers might mean only that the teachers were unable to turn the computers on, whereasThe teachers were unable to utilize the new computers suggests that the teachers could not find ways to employ the computers in instruction. 一些批评家认为utilize 只是 use 的一个不必要的替换词。 在许多情况下utilize 可以被 use 替代，除了矫饰的风格被去掉之外意思上没有任何减损， 例如：Barbara utilized ( used 更可取） questionable methods in her analysis（芭芭拉在她的分析中用了一些有争议的方法） 或者 We hope that many commuters will continue to utilize ( use 更可取） mass transit after the bridge has reopened（我们希望许多乘公共汽车上下班者在桥重新开通之后仍旧使用公共交通）。 但是utilize 可指“为…找到一种有益的或实用的用途”。 因而下面这句话The teachers were unable to use the new computers（老师们不会使用新电脑） ，有可能指只有这些老师不会打开计算机， 而The teachers were unable to utilize the new computers（老师不会运用新计算机） 暗示了那些老师在指导时不知道如何利用电脑 〔suffrage〕A vote cast in deciding a disputed question or in electing a person to office.投的票：在决定有争议的问题或选举某人提任某项职务时投的票〔Hiss〕American public official. Accused of espionage at the height of the Communist scare, he was convicted of perjury (1950) in a controversial case.希斯，阿杰尔：(生于 1904) 美国政府官员。在共产主义恐慌达到高峰时被指控为间谍，后来在一个有争议的案件中被认定犯有伪证罪(1950年）〔difference〕A cause of a disagreement or controversy.意见分歧的原因：不一致或有争议的原因〔wellness〕It can be argued thatwellness serves a useful function as a means of describing a state that includes not just physical health but fitness and emotional well-being. The word is first recorded in 1654but has never been given the acceptance of its antonymillness. In the most recent survey 68 percent of the Usage Panel found the word unacceptable in the sentenceA number of corporations have implemented employee wellness programs, aimed at enhancing spiritual values, emotional stability, fitness, and nutrition. Wellness 是否可以来描述一种不仅是身体上的健康而且精神良好的状态是有争议的。 该词的最早纪录出现于1654年，但从来没有被公认作是illness 的反义词。 在最近的一次调查中，百分之六十八的用法专题使用小组成员发现该词不可以用在下面的句中许多公司已发起了旨在指高精神价值、情绪稳定性、健康及营养的雇员健康计划 〔rai〕A form of popular Algerian music combining traditional Arabic vocal styles with various elements of popular Western music and featuring outspoken, often controversial lyrics.瑞乐：阿尔及利亚流行音乐的一种，将传统的阿拉伯声乐风格与西方流行音乐的多个成分结合在一起，并以直言不讳且通常是富有争议的歌词为主〔Chambers〕Scottish publisher and writer known for hisVestiges of the Natural History of Creation (published anonymously in 1844), a controversial exposition of the theory of evolutionary development. 钱伯斯，罗伯特：(1802-1871) 苏格兰出版商和作家，以其作品《创造物博物学的遗迹》 （1844年匿名出版）闻名，对进化发展理论作了一番有争议的阐述 〔faction〕A group of persons forming a cohesive, usually contentious minority within a larger group.小集团，宗派：在较大的团体中由一群人形成的紧密结合在一起的有争议的少数派〔rollback〕Conservatives hoped for a rollback of left-wing support for the controversial new legislation.保守派希望左派能撤回他们对有争议的新立法的支持〔controversy〕from contrōversus [disputed] 源自 contrōversus [有争议的] 〔controversial〕a controversial movie; a controversial stand on human rights.一场有争议的电影；引起争议的人权立场〔Dies〕American legislator known for his controversial leadership (1938-1945) of the House Un-American Activities Committee.迪尔斯，马丁：(1901-1972) 美国议员，因其在1938-1945年对美国事务委员会有争议的领导而闻名〔impact〕Each generation of critics seems to select one particular usage to stand as the emblem of what they view as linguistic crassness.Thirty years ago it was the use ofcontact as a verb, but opposition to that form has more or less disappeared,and attention now focuses on the verbal use ofimpact meaning "have an effect, affect.” Eighty-four percent of the Usage Panel disapproves of the constructionto impact on, as in the phrasesocial pathologies, common to the inner city, that impact heavily on such a community; and fully 95 percent disapproves of the use ofimpact as a transitive verb in the sentence Companies have used disposable techniques that have a potential for impacting our health. But even these figures do not reflect the degree of distaste with which critics view the usage:in their comments some Panelists labeled the usage as "bureaucratic,” "pretentious,” "vile,” and "a vulgarism.” ·It may be that the particular pretentiousness associated with the verbal use ofimpact is caused by its derivation from an already questionable metaphoric use of the noun impact, as in phrases such asthe political impact of the decision or the impact of the program on the community, in which no more is usually meant than might have been expressed by effects or consequences. But thoughimpact may have begun life a generation ago as an inflated substitute for "affect significantly,” it has by now become so common in corporate and institutional contexts that younger speakers appear to regard it as wholly standard and straightforward usage.Within a few years, accordingly,the usage is likely to be no more objectionable thancontact is now, since it will no longer betray any particular pretentiousness on the part of those who use it.See Usage Note at contact 每一代的批评家好象都挑了一个特别的用法作为他们认为的语言上的愚蠢行为的象征。三十年以前是contact 作为动词的用法， 但是对这种形式的反对或多或少已经消失了，注意力现在集中到了impact 意思为“有不好的影响、影响”的动词用法上。 用法专题小组成员中百分之八十四不同意to impact on 的结构， 如在短语对内城区来说很普通的社会病理学，对这样一个社区产生了很大影响的 当中； 百分之九十五的成员完全不同意impact 在句子 公司已经使用了可能会对我们的健康产生不良影响的易处理技术 中当作及物动词来使用。 但是即使是这些数字也没有反映出批评家们对这种用法厌恶的程度：在他们的评论当中有些成员把这种用法说成是“官僚主义的”、“装腔作势的”，“可耻的”，还说这是“粗鄙的语言。”也许和impact 的动词用法有关联的虚饰成份是由于它是从名词 impact 的一个早有争议的比喻用法衍变而来造成的。 如在短语这个决定在政治上的影响 或者 这个计划对公众的影响 中它的意思并没有比用 effects 或者 consequences 表达出来的意思要多。 尽管impact 作为“明显地影响”的夸大了的替代可能在一代人之前开始产生， 但是现在的年轻一代使用者看上去把它当成了完全标准的、直接的用法，这在共同的和惯例的文章中已经很普遍了。相应地在几年内，这种用法很有可能不比今天的contact 更引起反对， 因为对于那些使用它的人来说这不会再显得有点矫揉造作了 参见 contact〔Mapplethorpe〕American artist whose controversial single-image black-and-white photographs often depict flowers, the human nude, and male homoeroticism.梅普尔索普，罗伯特：(1946-1989) 美国艺术家，他拍有不少有争议的单一影象的黑白照片，照片主要描写花朵、裸体和男子同性恋〔fantasy〕A coin issued especially by a questionable authority and not intended for use as currency.非正式的货币：不打算用作通货来流通的，尤指由有争议的当局发行的硬币〔activism〕The theory, doctrine, or practice of assertive, often militant action, such as mass demonstrations or strikes, used as a means of opposing or supporting a controversial issue, entity, or person.激进主义，行动主义：武断冲动的理论、主义或实践。常指激进行动，如大规模的示威或罢工，以作为反对或支持有争议的事件、实体或人的手段〔heresy〕A controversial or unorthodox opinion or doctrine, as in politics, philosophy, or science.异端邪说：有争议的或非正统的观点或学说，如政治、哲学或科学上的〔impound〕impounding disputed electoral ballots.扣押有争议的选票〔hot〕a hot new book; a hot topic.一本畅销的新书；有争议的话题〔go〕The governor will go to the mat with the legislature over the controversial spending bill.总督将就有争议的开支法案同立法机关辩论到底〔agitation〕The stirring up of public interest in a matter of controversy, such as a political or social issue.鼓动；煽动：引起公众对有争议的问题，如政治或社会问题的注意〔debatable〕In dispute, as land or territory claimed by more than one country.未定的，有争议的：指土地或领土由多个国家宣布主权的〔Rudolf〕Austrian crown prince. The controversially liberal heir to Francis Joseph I, he was found dead with his mistress in Mayerling, his hunting lodge near Vienna. Officially deemed a double suicide, the suspicious event was never fully investigated.鲁道夫：奥地利王储。弗朗西斯·约瑟夫一世有争议的自由主义继承人，在其维也纳附近的狩猎住所梅耶林被人发现和其情人的尸体。官方认为是两人同时自杀，这件可疑案件并未彻底调查过〔difference〕A disagreement or controversy.意见分歧：不一致或有争议〔contentious〕Involving or likely to cause contention; controversial:有争议的：涉及到或可能引起争论的；有争议的：〔heretic〕A person who holds controversial opinions, especially one who publicly dissents from the officially accepted dogma of the Roman Catholic Church.信奉邪说的人：持有有争议观点的人，尤指公开反对官方承认的罗马天主教教义的人 |
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