| 单词 | 有关联 |
| 释义 | 〔maroon〕The history of the wordmaroon, which we associate with desert islands, takes us back to the days of slavery, when the nounmaroon was a term in English for a Black person who lived in the mountains and forests of Dutch Guiana (Suriname) and the West Indies, a term that is still used in parts of the Caribbean.These were plantation slaveswho had run away to live free in uncultivated parts.The English word is taken from the French wordmarron, "runaway Black slave,”which in turn was an alteration of American Spanishcimarrón, meaning "runaway slave.”Cimarrón is perhaps from cima, "summit.” Having come into English (first recorded in 1666),maroon took on a life of its own and came to be used as a verbmeaning "to be lost in the wilds,”from which our sense "to put ashore on a deserted island or coast" evolved.单词maroon 与荒岛有关联，其历史可追溯到奴隶制时代， 当时英语中的maroon 这个词指的是生活在荷属圭亚那（苏里南）和西印度群岛的黑人， 在加勒比的某些地区这个词仍在使用。这些人本是种植园里的奴隶，他们逃到未开发的土地上自由自在地生活。英语中的这个词源于法语中的marron ， 意思是“逃亡的黑奴”，它又是美洲西班牙语cimarron 的变形， 其意为“逃亡的奴隶”。Cinmarron 可能源于 cima ，“顶峰”。 进入英语之后（最早的记载在1666年），maroon 具有了自己的内涵， 而且开始被作为动词使用，意思是“在荒野中迷失方向”，我们的“将…置于一个荒凉的岛上或海岸边”这个意思就是从这里发展而来〔relate〕The symbols relate to an earlier system.这些标志和以前的制度有关联〔impact〕Each generation of critics seems to select one particular usage to stand as the emblem of what they view as linguistic crassness.Thirty years ago it was the use ofcontact as a verb, but opposition to that form has more or less disappeared,and attention now focuses on the verbal use ofimpact meaning "have an effect, affect.” Eighty-four percent of the Usage Panel disapproves of the constructionto impact on, as in the phrasesocial pathologies, common to the inner city, that impact heavily on such a community; and fully 95 percent disapproves of the use ofimpact as a transitive verb in the sentence Companies have used disposable techniques that have a potential for impacting our health. But even these figures do not reflect the degree of distaste with which critics view the usage:in their comments some Panelists labeled the usage as "bureaucratic,” "pretentious,” "vile,” and "a vulgarism.” ·It may be that the particular pretentiousness associated with the verbal use ofimpact is caused by its derivation from an already questionable metaphoric use of the noun impact, as in phrases such asthe political impact of the decision or the impact of the program on the community, in which no more is usually meant than might have been expressed by effects or consequences. But thoughimpact may have begun life a generation ago as an inflated substitute for "affect significantly,” it has by now become so common in corporate and institutional contexts that younger speakers appear to regard it as wholly standard and straightforward usage.Within a few years, accordingly,the usage is likely to be no more objectionable thancontact is now, since it will no longer betray any particular pretentiousness on the part of those who use it.See Usage Note at contact 每一代的批评家好象都挑了一个特别的用法作为他们认为的语言上的愚蠢行为的象征。三十年以前是contact 作为动词的用法， 但是对这种形式的反对或多或少已经消失了，注意力现在集中到了impact 意思为“有不好的影响、影响”的动词用法上。 用法专题小组成员中百分之八十四不同意to impact on 的结构， 如在短语对内城区来说很普通的社会病理学，对这样一个社区产生了很大影响的 当中； 百分之九十五的成员完全不同意impact 在句子 公司已经使用了可能会对我们的健康产生不良影响的易处理技术 中当作及物动词来使用。 但是即使是这些数字也没有反映出批评家们对这种用法厌恶的程度：在他们的评论当中有些成员把这种用法说成是“官僚主义的”、“装腔作势的”，“可耻的”，还说这是“粗鄙的语言。”也许和impact 的动词用法有关联的虚饰成份是由于它是从名词 impact 的一个早有争议的比喻用法衍变而来造成的。 如在短语这个决定在政治上的影响 或者 这个计划对公众的影响 中它的意思并没有比用 effects 或者 consequences 表达出来的意思要多。 尽管impact 作为“明显地影响”的夸大了的替代可能在一代人之前开始产生， 但是现在的年轻一代使用者看上去把它当成了完全标准的、直接的用法，这在共同的和惯例的文章中已经很普遍了。相应地在几年内，这种用法很有可能不比今天的contact 更引起反对， 因为对于那些使用它的人来说这不会再显得有点矫揉造作了 参见 contact〔pertain〕To have reference; relate:有关联；关于：〔Yukaghir〕The language of the Yukaghirs, perhaps related to Uralic.尤卡吉尔语：尤卡吉尔人的语言，可能同乌拉尔语有关联〔chamomile〕A similar, related Eurasian annual plant(Matricaria recutita). 母菊：一种相似的有关联的欧亚大陆一年生植物（母菊 母菊属） 〔correlative〕Related; corresponding.有关联的；相应的〔assent〕Agree and accede are related in the sense that assent has been reached after discussion or efforts at persuasion,but accede implies that one person or group has yielded, as to the insistence of the other: Agree 和 accede 两词是在经讨论或劝说努力后达成协议，这一含义上有关联，但 accede 指一个人或一组人由于另一方坚持做了让步： 〔Montmartre〕A hill and district of northern Paris, France, on the Right Bank. It is noted for its nightlife and for its associations with artists such as Van Gogh, Toulouse-Lautrec, and Utrillo. The original village of Montmartre was annexed by Paris in 1860.蒙马特尔：法国巴黎北部一座小山和一个区，位于右岸地区。以其夜生活和与梵高、土鲁斯－劳特累克和优特里洛等艺术家有关联而著名。原属蒙马特尔的村庄，于1860年被巴黎兼并〔visceromotor〕Producing or related to movements of the viscera.内脏运动的：产生内脏运动的或与内脏运动有关联的〔involved〕Connected by participation or association:受牵扯的：因参与或合作而有关联的：〔deal〕To be occupied or concerned; treat:有关联；论述：〔fox〕Any of various carnivorous mammals of the genusVulpes and related genera, related to the dogs and wolves and characteristically having upright ears, a pointed snout, and a long, bushy tail. 狐：狐 属及相关属科中食肉哺乳动物的任一种，与狗和狼有关联，特征为有直立的耳朵、尖鼻子、多毛的长尾巴 〔dissertate〕serere [to connect] * see ser- 2serere [连接，与…有关联] * 参见 ser- 2〔relevant〕These adjectives all describe what relates to and has a direct bearing on the matter at hand.Somethingrelevant is connected with a subject or issue: 这些形容词都用来描述和手头的事务有关联或有直接关系的东西。Relevant 形容与一个主题或问题有关的某事： 〔bludgeon〕The origin of some words is simply not known,andbludgeon is one such word. An interesting suggestion is that this word for a club used as a weapon comes from cant,the secret jargon of people such as thieves and beggars,and is related to the wordblood. We do know thatbludgeon is first recorded in a dictionary in 1730, while its first recorded use in running text (1755) is simple and to the point: "These villains . . . knocked him down with a bludgeon.”有一些词的词源不详，bludgeon 就是这样一个词。 一个很有意思的说法认为这个词作武器用棒解释时来源于黑话，是窃贼和乞丐们的秘密行话，与blood 这个词有关联。 然而我们确实知道bludgeou 首次收载于词典中是1730年， 而它第一次用于行文时意思简单明了(1755年）：“这些恶棍…用短棒将他们击倒”〔artist〕One who is adept at an activity, especially one involving trickery or deceit:骗子：擅长某项活动的人，尤指与诡计或欺诈有关联的：〔join〕His daughter is associated with him in the family business. It can also refer to a relationship of things that are similar or complementary or that have a connection in one's thoughts: 在家庭事务中他女儿和他是伙伴。 它也可表示相类似的、互为补充的、或在某人思想中有关联的事物间的关系： 〔rider〕A clause, usually having little relevance to the main issue, that is added to a legislative bill.附加条款，附文：加于立法法案上的条款，通常和主要条款很少有关联〔tangential〕Only superficially relevant; divergent:只是稍微有关联的；离题的：〔lingo〕A look at the entry in the Indo-European roots entry fordöghū- will show that the wordstongue, language, and lingo are related, all going back to the Indo-European rootdöghū-, "tongue.” The relationship betweenlanguage and lingo is not particularly surprising given their related meanings and common root, but one might be curious as to the routes by which these two words came into English.Language, as did so many of our important borrowings from Latin, passed through French into English during the Middle Ages, the forms involved being Latinlingua, "language,” its descendant, Old French langue, and its derivative, langage. Lingo, on the other hand, entered English after the end of the Middle Ages when Europe had opened itself to the larger world. We have probably borrowedlingo from lingoa, a Portuguese descendant of Latin lingua. The Portuguese were great traders before the English were,and it is not unlikely that the sense "foreign language" was strengthened as the Portuguese traveled around the world.Interestingly enough,the first recorded instance oflingo in English is in the New World (1660) in a reference to the "Dutch lingo.” The development in sense to "unintelligible language" and "specialized language" is an obvious one.当我们看到印欧语系词根条目dnghu- 时， 我们就可以看出tongue，language 和 lingo 之间的联系， 它们都拥有共同的印欧语系词根dnghu- “舌头”。 当我们知道language 和 lingo 拥有共同的词根并且在意思上有关联时，我们就不会惊异于他们之间的联系， 但我们可能会对这两个词是通过何种方式进入英语的感到很好奇。和许多重要的从拉丁语借来的词一样，language 是在中世纪时通过法语传入英语的， 变换的形式为拉丁语的lingua “语言”、它的变体，古法语中的 langue 和它的派生词 langage。 另一方面，Lingo是在欧洲向一个更广阔的世界开放自己的时候即在中世纪结束后期进入英语的。 我们可能从拉丁文lingua 的葡萄牙语变体 lingoa 借入了 lingo 。 葡萄牙人是英国人之前的大商人，当他们在周游世界的同时，很可能那种“外语”的意义得到了加强。很有趣的是，最先出现在英语中的lingo 新大陆（1660年）一书中用来指“荷兰语”。 所以变成“难懂的话”和“行话”的意思的发展过程是很明显的〔function〕A variable so related to another that for each value assumed by one there is a value determined for the other.应变量，函数：一个与他量有关联的变量，这一量中的任何一值都能在他量中找到对应的固定值〔appertain〕problems appertaining to social reform.与社会改革有关联的问题〔hypermnesia〕Exceptionally exact or vivid memory, especially as associated with certain mental illnesses.记忆过强：极为确切的或生动的回忆，尤其是与某些精神病症有关联的时候〔scribble〕It is not easy to think simultaneously of the carefully crafted writings of a trained scribe and the hastily scrawled jottings referred to by the wordscribble, but the two words are related.Scribe goes back to the Latin scrība, meaning "one who has charge of things such as public records or accounts,” scrība, in turn, coming from scrībere, "to write.” The Latin word was borrowed into English directly as well as by way of Old French (scribe ), giving us Middle English scribe, first recorded in a work written probably around 1200.People do not always write with great care,especially when pressed for time,as is shown by an early use of the verbscribble in a Middle English text: "Scribled in hast with mine owne hand in default of other helpe.”Hence it is easy to see why the verbscribble came into existence. From Latinscrībere English had formed its own verb scriben, "to write,” and probably from this verb with the addition of the suffix-el, denoting diminutive, repetitive, or intensive actions, came the Middle English word scriblen (first recorded around 1456), the ancestor of our wordscribble. 不容易同时想到由经过训练的抄写员细心写出来的字体和单词scribble 所指的匆忙中胡乱的涂写， 但是这两个字是有关联的。Scribe 可追溯到拉丁文 scriba 意思是“管理公众记录或记事的人”。 scriba 反过来，来自于 scribere, 即“写”。 这个拉丁文字通过古法语(scribe )被直接借入英语，这样我们就有了中世纪英语 scribe, 大概在1200年左右第一次被写入作品中。人们不是总能非常细心地写字，尤指当时间紧凑时，就如同在一个中世纪英语文章中scribble 的早期用法似的： “缺少其它帮助时用我自己的手匆匆地乱写”。因此很容易理解为什么动词scribble 出现了。 源于拉丁文scribere ，英语也形成了它自己的动词 scriben, “写”。 并用加上后缀-el, 表示小的、反复的或者强调的行为的单词，可能衍生了那个中世纪英语单词 scriblen （最早被记录于1456年左右）， 即我们现在的单词scribble 的前身 〔join〕The two events seem to be related). 这两个事件似乎有关联)。 〔dialectic〕The process especially associated with Hegel of arriving at the truth by stating a thesis, developing a contradictory antithesis, and combining and resolving them into a coherent synthesis.黑格尔辩证法：特别指与黑格尔通过陈述正题、展开矛盾的反题，并综合和解决它使之成为有条理的综合体而求得真理有关联的过程〔Ayodhya〕A former village of northern India on the Ghaghara River, now a joint municipality with Faizabad, near Lucknow. Long associated with Hindu legend, it is a pilgrimage center and one of the seven sites sacred to Hindus.阿约提亚：原印度北部村庄，位于卡格拉河畔，现为邻近勒克瑙并与法扎巴德联合的自治市。阿约提亚市一直都同印度传说有关联，它是朝圣中心和印度教教徒的七个圣地之一〔comic〕Of or relating to comic strips.连环画的，漫画的：属于或有关联环画的〔identification〕A person's association with the qualities, characteristics, or views of another person or group.认同，有关联：一个人与其他人或人群在品质、特征或观念等方面的联系 |
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