| 单词 | 有力的 |
| 释义 | 〔strong〕a strong argument.一个有力的论点〔lucre〕When William Tyndale translatedaiskhron kerdos, "shameful gain" (Titus 1:11), as filthy lucre in his edition of the Bible, he was tarring the wordlucre for the rest of its existence. But we cannot lay the pejorative sense oflucre completely at Tyndale's door. He was merely a link,albeit a strong one,in a process that had begun long before with respect to the ancestor of our word,the Latin wordlucrum, "material gain, profit.” This process was probably controlled by the inevitable conjunction of profit, especially monetary profit, with evils such as greed.In Latinlucrum also meant "avarice,” and in Middle Englishlucre, besides meaning "monetary gain, profit,” meant "illicit gain.”Furthermore, many of the contexts in which the neutral sense of the word appeared were not that neutral,as in "It is a wofull thyng . . . ffor lucre of goode . . . A man to fals his othe [it is a sad thing for a man to betray his oath for monetary gain].”Tyndale thus merely helped the process along when he gave us the phrasefilthy lucre. 当威廉·廷代尔在他的《圣经》版本里把aiskhon kerdos （“可耻的收获”）翻译成 filthy lucre 时， 他就把lucre 这个词当作贬义了， 这个词以后也就这样解释了。但是我们不能把lucre 这个词的贬义全部归于廷代尔名下。 他只是整个过程的一个环节，尽管是个有力的环节，这个过程早在我们这个词的祖先，拉丁字lucrum （意为“物质获得，利润”）就开始了。 这个过程很可能与带有类似贪婪这样的罪恶利润，尤其是钱财利润不可避免地联系在一起。在拉丁文里，lucrum 也有“贪婪”的意思。 在中世纪英语中，lucre 除了有“钱财收入，利润”的意思之外， 还意味着“不正当的所得”。更进一步说，即使这个词意思是中性的，但上下文却不是那么的中性，比如“一个人为了钱财背弃自己的誓言。”廷代尔在给我们短语filthy lucre 时，仅仅有助于把这个过程延续下来 〔strong〕Marked by great physical power:有力的：有强大的体力特征的：〔muscular〕muscular advocacy groups.有力的拥护团体〔spanking〕Swift and vigorous:迅捷的和有力的：〔pithy〕Precisely meaningful; forceful and brief:简练有力的：言简意赅的；简练但有力的：〔blast〕A powerful hit, blow, or shot.攻击：有力的一打、一击或一射〔crusade〕A vigorous concerted movement for a cause or against an abuse.See Synonyms at campaign 圣战：赞成某一事业或反对某一弊病而进行的有力的统一运动 参见 campaign〔strong〕Forceful and pointed; emphatic:有力的：有力的和率直的；着重强调的：〔shout〕The central meaning shared by these verbs is "to say with or make a loud, strong cry": 这些动词所共有的中心意思是“高声有力地说或发出高声有力的叫喊声”： 〔turn〕 Whirl applies to rapid or forceful revolution or rotation: Whirl 指迅速或有力的转动或旋转： 〔squirt〕To issue forth in a thin forceful stream or jet; spurt.喷，射：以一道细而有力的流体或喷射物的形态射出来；喷出来〔slug〕A hard, heavy blow, as with the fist or a baseball bat.重击，用力打：用拳头或棒球球棒有力的、重重的一击〔overrule〕To dominate by strong influence; prevail over.对…施加影响：以有力的影响而控制；获胜〔eloquence〕The quality of persuasive, powerful expression.口才：有说服力的，有力的表达的质量〔muscular〕Having or suggesting great power; forceful or vigorous:有力的；精力充沛的：有或暗含强大力量的；强有力的或精力旺盛的：〔powerful〕Having or capable of exerting power.有力的，有威力的：具有权利或能够施加权力的〔strength〕The state, property, or quality of being strong.力量：有力的状态，特征或品质〔sententious〕Terse and energetic in expression; pithy.简洁的：表达简洁有力的；精辟的〔thrust〕A forceful shove or push.猛推：有力的推或挤〔gesticulation〕A deliberate, vigorous motion or gesture.See Synonyms at gesture 肢体语言：一个从容的、有力的动作或手势 参见 gesture〔eloquent〕Characterized by persuasive, powerful discourse:雄辩的：以有说服力的、有力的演讲为特征的：〔medium〕The etymologically plural formmedia is often used as a singular to refer to a particular means of communication,as inThis is the most exciting new media since television. This usage is widely regarded as incorrect;medium is preferred. A stronger case can be made in defense of the use ofmedia as a collective term, as inThe media has not shown much interest in covering the issue. As with the analogous wordsdata and agenda, the originally plural form has begun to acquire a sense that departs from that of the singular: used as a collective term,media denotes an industry or community. Thus the example sentence given here would not be appropriately paraphrased asNo medium has shown much interest in covering the issue, which suggests that the disinclination abides in the means of communication itselfrather than in its practitioners.Ifmedia follows the pattern of data and agenda, this singular use may become entirely acceptable someday.But despite its utility,many people still regard it as a grammatical error.语源复数形式media 常用作单数， 用来指传播手段中的某一种，例如在下面这是自电视出现以来最激动人心的新式传媒 的句子中。 许多人都认为这一用法是不正确的；他们还是喜欢用medium 这一单数形式。 我们能提出更为有力的例子来为media 作为集合名词的用法进行辩护， 如下面的句子：大众传媒对于报道这一事件没有表现出多大兴趣 。 正如类似于原为复数形式的其他两个词data 和 agenda 已经开始具有其单数形式的含义： 用作集合名词的media 现在则可以指传播工业或共同体。 这样的话，我们刚才给出的例句就不能改成如下形式：没有传媒对报道这一事件表现出很大兴趣 ， 因为这样改动后，这句话所表示的是传播工具本身的不愿意，而不是业者的不愿意。如果media 也象 data 和 agenda 那样， 那么它作为单数形式的用法总有一天会被完全接受的。但是不管它的实用性大小，许多人仍将其视为一个语法错误〔slam〕To put, throw, or otherwise forcefully move so as to produce a loud noise:猛力投掷，猛力放置：为了弄出很大的声音而放、扔或做其它有力的运动：〔eloquence〕Persuasive, powerful discourse.雄辩：有说服力的，有力的演讲〔squelch〕To put down or silence, as with a crushing retort:击溃：压下去或使无言以对，如通过有力的反驳：〔pregnant〕Convincing; cogent. Used of an argument or a proof.令人信服的：令人信服的；有力的。用于论据或证据〔slash〕A forceful sweeping stroke made with a sharp instrument.乱砍：用一件利器作出的有力的、扫荡的打击〔catalyst〕love, the most powerful ferment;爱，最有力的改变媒介；〔Mylar〕A trademark used for a thin strong polyester film. This trademark often occurs in print as an attributive:"Mylar star balloons dangle from the ceiling, the pianist strokes her ivories, and waiters . . . waltz through the crowd" (San Francisco Chronicle). It also occurs in lowercase: 聚酯薄膜：用作一种薄而有力的聚酯商标，这种商标在印刷体中常作定语：“天花板上悬垂着聚酯薄膜的星状汽球，钢琴家演奏着她的钢琴，和侍者们……人群中跳起了华尔兹” （旧金山编年史）。它以小写字体出现： 〔strong〕a strong flank; a strong defense.很有力的侧翼；强大的防御〔power〕A person, group, or nation having great influence or control over others:有势力者，有力的组织，强国：对他人或他国具有极大影响力或控制力的人、集团或国家：〔eagle〕Any of various large diurnal birds of prey of the family Accipitridae, including members of the generaAquila and Haliaeetus, characterized by a powerful hooked bill, keen vision, long broad wings, and strong, soaring flight. 鹰：一种日间活动的鹰科大猛禽，包括雕 属和 海雕 属的成员，其特征为有力的钩形喙，敏锐的视觉、长而宽的翅膀，强劲高远的飞行 〔zinger〕A witty, often caustic remark.有力的驳斥：机智的、常常是尖利刺人的话语〔play〕played a strong backhand.打出有力的反手球〔wrasse〕Any of numerous chiefly tropical, often brightly colored marine fishes of the family Labridae, having spiny fins, thick lips, and powerful jaws, and often valued for food.隆头鱼：一种主要生长于热带的隆头鱼科海鱼，颜色经常是亮丽的，有刺状的鳍、厚嘴唇和有力的下腭，常用作珍贵食用鱼〔wham〕The sound of such a blow; a thud.重击声：响亮有力的重击声；砰的一声〔but〕Traditional grammarians have worried over what form the pronoun ought to take whenbut is used to indicate an exception in sentences such as No one but I (or No one but me ) has read it. Some have argued thatbut is a conjunction in these sentences and therefore should be followed by the nominative formI. However, many of these grammarians have gone on to argue somewhat inconsistentlythat the accusative formme is appropriate when the but phrase occurs at the end of a sentence, as inNo one has read it but me. While this treatment of the construction has a considerable weight of precedent on its sideand cannot be regarded as incorrect,a strong case can be made on grammatical grounds for treating this use ofbut as a preposition. For one thing, ifbut were truly a conjunction here, we would expect the verb to agree in person and number with the noun or pronoun followingbut; we would then sayNo one but the students have read it. What is more, ifbut were a true conjunction here we would not expect that it could be moved to the end of a clause, as inNo one has read it but the students. Note that we cannot use the conjunctionand in a similar way, saying John left and everyone else in the class in place of John and everyone else in the class left. These observations suggest thatbut is best considered as a preposition here and followed by accusative forms such asme and them in all positions: No one but me has read it. No one has read it but me. These recommendations are supported by 73 percent of the Usage Panel when thebut phrase precedes the verb and by 93 percent when thebut phrase follows the verb. · But is redundant when used together with however, as in But the army, however, went on with its plans; one or the other word should be eliminated. ·But is generally not followed by a comma. Correct written style requiresKim wanted to go, but we stayed, not Kim wanted to go, but, we stayed. · But may be used to begin a sentence at all levels of style. See Usage Note at and ,cannot ,doubt ,however ,I 1传统的语法学家考虑当but 用于表示例外的意思时应该用什么形式的代词，比如 No one but I （或者 No one but me ) has read it 。 有人认为but 在这种句子中是个连词， 因此应该使用主格I。 然而许多语法学家接下来的讨论有些不一致，即当but 短语出现在句子末尾时用宾格 me 比较合适， 如No one has read it but me（除我以外没有人读过它）。 同时这种结构前置处理的重要性是值得考虑的，并且不会被认为是不正确的，一个有力的例子在语法范畴内，认为but 在这里作介词使用。 首先如果but 在此真是一个连词的话， 我们会期望同名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致的动词跟在but 后面； 我们会说No one but the students have read it（除学生以外没有人读过它）。 再者，如果but 在此真是连词的话，我们不希望它被放在句子末尾， 如在句子No one has read it but the students 中。 注意我们不以类似的方式来使用连词and ，说 John left and everyone else in the class 来代替 John and everyone else in the class left。 这些发现表明but 在此最好被当作介词， 在任何位置后面都应跟宾格形式如me 和 them ： No one but me has read it. No one has read it but me（除了我没人读过它）。 当but 短语放在动词之前时，有百分之七十三的用法专题使用小组成员支持这些提议； 而当but 短语放在动词之后时，得到百分之九十三的小组成员的支持。 But 在同 however 一起使用时是多余的，如 But the army, however, went on with its plans； 这两个词必须去掉其中一个。But 通常后面不加逗号。 正确的写法是Kim wanted to go, but we stayed, 而不是 Kim wanted to go, but, we stayed 。 But 可以放在所有文体标准的句子开头 参见 and,cannot,doubt,however,I1〔smart〕Energetic or quick in movement:敏捷的：行动迅速或有力的：〔windy〕Swift, forceful, or variable:快的，有力的，多变的： |
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