| 单词 | 有助于 |
| 释义 | 〔hydrofoil〕A winglike structure attached to the hull of a boat that raises all or part of the hull out of the water when the boat is moving forward, thus reducing drag.水翼：一个类似翅膀的结构，其与船身相连，当船前驶时有助于减小阻力使整个或部分船只浮出水面〔anachronism〕"He is interested in the spirit of the play, and he is not averse to throwing in an anachronism or two if he thinks it will help underscore a point"(Skylines)“他对戏剧所体现的精神很感兴趣，如果有助于强调一个观点的话，他并不反对有一两个时代错误”(地平线)〔convictive〕Having power or serving to convince or convict.定罪的，使人信服的：有能力或者有助于令人信服或给人定罪的〔promote〕To contribute to the progress or growth of; further.See Synonyms at advance 促进，推进：有助于…的进步或成长；更进一步 参见 advance〔luxurious〕Marked by or contributing to luxury.奢华的：以奢侈为标志的或有助于奢侈的〔continuative〕Of, relating to, or serving to cause continuation.继续：继续的、与之有关的或有助于造成继续的〔destain〕To remove stain from (a specimen) to aid in microscopic study.使褪色：为有助于用显微镜进行研究而使（标本）褪色〔spree〕A spending spree seems a far cry from a cattle raid,yet etymologists have suggested that the wordspree comes from the Scots word spreath, "cattle raid.” The wordspree is first recorded in a poem in Scots dialect in 1804 in the sense of "a lively outing.” This sense is closely connected with a sense recorded soon afterward (in 1811), "a drinking bout,”while the familiar sense "an overindulgence in an activity,”as in aspending spree, is recorded in 1849. Scots and Irish dialect also have a sense "a fight,”which may help connect the word and the sense "lively outing" with the Scots wordspreath, meaning variously, "booty,” "cattle taken as spoils,” "a herd of cattle taken in a raid,” and "cattle raid.” The Scots word comes from Irish and Scottish Gaelicspréidh, "cattle,” which in turn ultimately comes from Latin praeda, "booty.” This last link reveals both the importance of the Latin language to Gaelicand a connection between cattle and plunder in earlier Irish and Scottish societies.狂欢作乐似乎与牛的袭击相去甚远，然而词源学表明spree 来自苏格兰语 spreath “牛的袭击”。 Spree 在1804年首次出现于苏格兰方言写成的一首诗中，意为“活跃的出游”。 这个意思与不久之后(1811年）出现的意思“狂饮”很接近，而相近的意思“无节制的狂热行为”，比如spending spree 于1849年出现。 苏格兰和爱尔兰方言还有“打架”的意思，这可能有助于将该词同其意义与苏格兰语spreath 的不同意思相联系，这些意思为“战利品”、“作为掠夺品的牛”、“袭击中所得的一群牛”或“牛袭击”。 这个苏格兰词来自爱尔兰和苏格兰盖尔人的语言 spréidh “牛”（此词最终源自拉丁语 praeda “战利品”）。 这一最后的联系不仅表明拉丁语同盖尔语的重要联系，也表明早期爱尔兰和苏格兰社会中牛和劫掠的联系〔evidence〕A thing or things helpful in forming a conclusion or judgment:证明，证据：有助于得出结论或做出判断的东西或事物：〔heady〕Serving to exhilarate:振奋的：有助于使人振奋的：〔pectoral〕Useful in relieving disorders of the chest or respiratory tract.祛痰的，舒胸的：有助于缓解胸部或呼吸道不适的〔olfactory〕Of, relating to, or contributing to the sense of smell.嗅觉的：嗅觉的，与嗅觉有关的或有助于嗅觉的〔Mendelssohn〕German philosopher noted for his writings on the inborn ability of human beings to recognize beauty, truth, and goodness. His influence and works aided the assimilation of Jews into German society.门德尔松，摩西：(1729-1786) 德国哲学家，以其论述有关人类认识真善美的天生能力的著作而著名。他的影响和作品有助于犹太人与德国社会的同化〔voluptuous〕Arising from or contributing to the satisfaction of sensuous or sensual desires.See Synonyms at sensuous 激起性欲的，性感的：由色欲或肉欲而来的，有助于满足色欲或肉欲的 参见 sensuous〔husband〕We gain an insight into the history of the wordhusband by considering the Old English word hūsbōnde, meaning "the mistress of a house.”Ifhūsbōnde had survived into Modern English, husband, its modern form, would have been very ambiguous.The fact thathūsbōnde could mean "mistress of a house" helps us see the elements that make up the Old English ancestor of our wordhusband. Hūscorresponds to house. The element-bōnde is the feminine form of -bōnda, the second element of Old Englishhūsbōnda. The entire Old English word is a borrowing of the Old Icelandic wordhūsbōndi, meaning "the master of a house.”The second element inhūsbōndi, bōndi, means "a man who has land and stock" and comes from the verbbūa, meaning "to live, dwell, have a household.” The master of the house was of course usually the spouse of a wife as well,and it would seem that our main current sense ofhusband arises from this overlap. 考察一下古英语中husbonde 这个词，我们就会对 husband 这个词的历史有一定了解， 意思是“房子的女主人”。假如husbonde 这个词能留存在现代英语中， 作为husbonde 的现代形式， 它的意思会变得很模糊。husbonde 的意思是“房子的女主人”， 这有助于我们找出那些构成古英语中我们今天的husband这个词的前身。 Hus对应 house 。 -bonde 是 -bonda 的阴性形式， 古英语中 husbonda 的第二个部分。 这个古英语中的词整体上借自冰岛语中的 husbondi ， 意思是“房子的男主人”。husbondi, bondi 第二部分的意思是“一个拥有土地和牲畜的男子”， 它来自动词 bua ，意思是“生活、居住、拥有一个家”。 一座房子的男主人当然通常也是妻子的配偶，看起来今天husband 这个词的中心意思源于这种重叠 〔identify〕In the sense "to associate or affiliate (oneself) closely with a person or group,”identify has developed two distinct subsenses. In one, the verb suggests a psychological empathy with the feelings or experiences of another person,as inMost young readers readily identify (or identify themselves ) with Holden Caulfield. This usage derives originally from psychoanalytic writing,where it has a specific technical sense,but like other terms from that field,it was widely regarded as jargon when introduced into the wider discourse.In particular,critics seized on the fact that in this sense the verb was often used intransitively,with no reflexive pronoun.As Wilson Follett wrote in 1966,"The critic . . . could help restore the true notion in these words if he would give upidentifying at large and resume identifying himself with Ivan Karamazov, Don Quixote, Mary Poppins, or whomever.” In recent years, however, this use ofidentify with without the reflexive has become a standard locution. Eighty-two percent of the Usage Panel accepts the sentenceI find it hard to identify with any of his characters; whereas only 63 percent now accepts this same usage when the reflexive pronoun is used,as inI find it hard to identify myself with any of his characters. · Omission of the reflexive with this use ofidentify serves among other things to distinguish it from use of the verb to mean "to associate (oneself) with the goals, interests, or principles of a group.” This use of the verb can be traced back to the 18th century,but it is now somewhat less acceptable to the Panel than the first sense under discussion:58 percent of the Panel accepts the sentenceShe identified herself with the campaign against drug abuse, and only 40 percent acceptsShe identified with the campaign against drug abuse, where no reflexive pronoun is used. 在“使（自己）密切联系或依附于别人”这一意思中的。identify 一词又有两种不同的含义。 第一，这个动词表现了对其他人的感情或经历在心理上的认同，例如大多数青年读者很快认同了 （或 identify themselves ) 霍尔顿·科尔菲德。 这种用法来源于有关心理分析的著作，在这些著作中，这个词具有特殊的科技含义，不过就象从该领域引入的其它词语一样，这个词在日常生活使用中还带有专业术语的痕迹。特别指出的是，批评家们在发现这个词常常作为不及物动词来用，后面不带反身代词。正如威尔逊·福勒特1966年写到的，“如果评论家们很早就全面放弃identifying 而重新使用 identifying himself with 伊万·卡拉玛佐夫、堂吉诃德、玛丽·波普斯等人物，那就会有助于探询出这些词的真实含意。” 不过，近年来使用identify with 中间不加反身代词已成为一种标准搭配。 用法专题小组中82%的成员认为我觉得很难认同于他小说中的人物 一句是正确的； 而现在只有63%的成员接受使用反身代词来表达同一意思的句子，即I find it hard to identify myself with any of his characters。 省略反身代词以及其它一些方法，使identify 这种用法区别于它作为动词在“与某个集团的目标、利益或原则相联系”一句中的意思。 它作为动词的用法可追溯到18世纪，不过对于用法专题小组来说它没有第一种解释那样被易于接受：58%的小组成员接受她支持反对滥用药物的运动 这一说法， 只有40%的成员接受不要反身代词的She identified with the campaign against drug abuse 这一说法 〔healthy〕"Exercise develops wholesome appetites" (Louisa May Alcott).“锻炼有助于好胃口” （路易莎·梅·阿尔柯特）。〔perspective〕"It is useful occasionally to look at the past to gain a perspective on the present"(Fabian Linden)“偶尔回顾过去有助于展望未来”(法比安·林登)〔lubricant〕One that helps reduce difficulty or conflict.调解人：有助于减少困难或冲突的人〔conducive〕Tending to cause or bring about; contributive:有助于…的：趋向于引起或发生的；导致的：〔make〕Practice makes a winning team.勤加训练必有助于球队获得胜利〔incentivize〕"This bill will help incentivize everybody to solve that part of the problem"(Richard A. Gephardt)See Usage Note at -ize “这个议案有助于鼓励人们来解决问题的那一部分”(理查德A.格法德) 参见 -ize〔susceptor〕A metallic patch attached to microwaveable packages of food in which radiant energy produced in the patch by microwaves helps cook the food, often by browning its surface.电磁磁化物：可微波食物包装上的金属片，微波加热时此金属片产生辐射能，有助于烹煮食物，通常食物表面会烤至褐色〔losingest〕"help turn around one of the network's losingest nights of the week"(Washington Post)“有助于扭转其中一个网络在一周中最不成功的一夜”(华盛顿邮报)〔instrumental〕was instrumental in solving the crime.有助于解决犯罪问题〔principle〕Despite generations of spelling lessons,the wordsprinciple and principal are still commonly confused. Perhaps an understanding of their history will help in keeping them straight.Both words go back to the same Latin word,prīnceps, meaning "first, as in time, position, or authority.”The split that has caused all the trouble occurred in the next stage of development.Fromprīnceps were derived the noun prīncipium, "start, origin, guiding principle,” the adjectiveprīncipālis, "first in importance or esteem,” and the noun prīncipālis, "a leading citizen.” Clearly the latter two words with theā between the p and the l have given us the adjectiveprincipal (first recorded around 1300) and the noun principal (also first recorded in a work composed around 1300).Perhaps it should not be mentioned that one Middle English spelling for the noun wasprinciple. On the other hand,the Latin wordprīncipium and its Old French descendant principe were involved in the creation of the word principle in Middle English, first recorded in a work written around 1380.Words likemanciple and participle influenced the spelling of this new word, but again perhaps we should keep silent about the fact that we also find the word spelledprincipal and prinsipal in Middle English. A key point to remember about these seemingly aberrant Middle English spellings isthat in Middle English spelling was not nearly as fixed as it usually is today,a development that was much furthered by the invention of printing.When we interchange spellings forprinciple and principal, we are doing something that would have been less of a fault in the days before the conformity imposed on us by this marvelous invention. 尽管在拼写课上反复强调，principle 和 principal 还是被人们搞混。 或许了解一下这两个词的历史有助于我们弄清楚它们的拼写。两个词都可追溯到同一个拉丁词princeps， 意为“在时间，地位或权威上第一的”。引起所有麻烦的分裂出现在发展过程的下一个阶段。从princeps 派生出了名词 principium， 意为“开端，根源，指导性原则，” 形容词principalis “最重要的或最受尊敬的”及名词 principalis 意为“处于领导地位的公民”。 显然，后两个词在p 和 l 之间带有 ā， 这就使我们有了形容词principal （最早记录于1300年左右）和名词 principal （最早记录也是在大约1300年左右创作的作品中）。或许我们不应提到这个名词在中古英语中的一种拼法是principle 。 另一方面，拉丁词principium 和其古法词的派生词 principe 共同作用创造了中古英语单词 principle， 最早记录于写于约1380年的一部作品。象manciple 和 participle 这样的单词都影响了这个新单词的拼写， 但是或许我们应该再一次对于这个单词也曾在中古英语中被拼写成principal 和 prinsipal 这一事实保持沉默。 记住这些在中古英语中貌似反常的拼写的关键在于，在中古英语中的拼写方式几乎不象今天这么固定，因为当时还没有发明印刷术。当这项神奇的发明把拼写一致的原则加到我们头上之前，我们把principle 和 principal 的拼写互相交换，也算不上什么大错 〔euphoriant〕A drug that tends to produce euphoria.欣快剂：有助于导致欣快的一种药剂〔saluretic〕A drug that promotes excretion of salt in the urine.促尿食盐排泄药：有助于在尿中排泄盐的药剂〔convention〕A practice or procedure widely observed in a group, especially to facilitate social interaction; a custom:规矩，习俗：一个团体中普遍遵循的惯常做法或程序，尤指有助于社会交往的；风俗：〔Minot〕American physician. He shared a 1934 Nobel Prize for discovering that a diet of liver relieves anemia.迈诺特，乔治·理查德：(1885-1950) 美国医生，因发现多吃动物肝脏有助于贫血治疗而与他人共享1934年诺贝尔奖〔help〕a medication that helps (or aids ) the digestion; 有助于（或者用 aids ） 消化的药物； 〔subservient〕Useful as a means or an instrument; serving to promote an end.有用的：作为一种有用的手段或工具，有助于促成结果的〔gizzard〕A modified muscular pouch immediately behind the stomach in the alimentary canal of birds, having a thick lining and often containing ingested grit, which aids in the mechanical breakdown of seeds before digestion.砂囊，胗：紧靠在鸟类食道的胃部后面的变化的肌肉小袋，有厚的衬层并含有摄取的砂粒，有助于在消化之前磨碎种子〔help〕a fine sense of rhythm that helped (or aided ) the student in learning music. Help, however, sometimes conveys a stronger suggestion of effectual action: 有助于（或用 aided ）学生学习音乐的良好的节奏感。 但是help 有时所表达的有效行动的意味更为强烈一些： 〔peptic〕Induced by or associated with the action of digestive secretions:导致或有助于消化分泌活动的：〔earthworm〕Any of various terrestrial annelid worms of the class Oligochaeta, especially those of the family Lumbricidae, that burrow into and help aerate and enrich soil.蚯蚓：任一种土中生活的环节虫类，属于寡毛纲，尤指正蚓属的动物，它的挖穴动土有助于疏松和肥沃土壤〔benefit〕To be helpful or useful to.有助于…，有用于…〔conduce〕To contribute or lead to a specific result:有助于：促成或引出某一特定结果：〔peptic〕Of, relating to, or assisting digestion:属于、关于或有助于消化的：〔Webster〕American lexicographer whoseSpelling Book (1783) helped standardize American spelling. His major work, An American Dictionary of the English Language, was originally published in 1828. 韦伯斯特，挪亚：(1758-1843) 美国词典编撰者，他的《美国拼音课本》 有助于美式拼写标准化。他的主要作品 《美式英语大词典》 最早出版于1828年 |
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