| 单词 | 有区别 |
| 释义 | 〔dialect〕A regional variety of a language distinguished by pronunciation, grammar, or vocabulary, especially a variety of speech differing from the standard literary language or speech pattern of the culture in which it exists:地方话：语音、语法或词汇均有区别的地区性语言变体，特别是存在于标准文学语言或文化口语模式的口语变体：〔sherbet〕The wordsherbet has been in the English language for several centuries (first recorded in 1603) but not as a name for what one normally thinks of as sherbet.The word came into English from Ottoman Turkishsherbet or Persian sharbat, both going back to Arabicšarbah, "drink.” The Turkish and Persian words referred to a beverage of sweetened, diluted fruit juicethat was popular in the Middle East and imitated in Europe.Eventually in Europesherbet came to refer to a carbonated drink. Because the original Middle Eastern drink contained fruit and was often cooled with snow,sherbet was applied to the frozen dessert (first recorded in 1891). It is thus distinguished slightly fromsorbet, which can also mean "a fruit-flavored ice served between courses of a meal.”Sorbet (first recorded in English in 1585) goes back through French ( sorbet ) and then Italian ( sorbetto ) to the same Turkish sherbet that gave us sherbet. 单词sherbet 引入英语语言中已经有几个世纪了（首次记录于1603年）， 但它并不是象人们通常认为的果汁牛奶冻名称。这个单词是由奥斯曼土耳其语sherbet 或波斯语 sharbat 形成英语的， 二者都可回溯到阿拉伯语sarbah ，意为“饮料”。 该词土耳其及波斯语指一种加甜的、稀释的水果汁饮料，它流行于中东并在欧洲被仿制。最后，在欧洲，sherbet 指一种碳酸饮料。 因为最初的中东饮品中包含有水果汁并常用雪冷却，所以sherbet 用于指冰冻甜点（首次记录于1891年）。 这样它与Sorbet 稍有区别， 但也可指“在一顿饭的几道菜之间供应的果味冰”。Sorbet （在英语中首次记录于1585年）通过法语（ sorbet ）和意大利语( sorbetto )可以回溯到向我们提供 sherbet 的相同的土耳其词 sherbet 〔unit〕A group regarded as a distinct entity within a larger group.小组：一群，认为是更大的群内有区别的整体〔liable〕Liable, apt, and likely are often used interchangeably in constructions with following infinitives, as inJohn is liable to lose, John is apt to lose, and John is likely to lose. The three words are distinct in meaning.A widely repeated rule holdsthatliable should only be used if the subject would be adversely affected by the outcome expressed by the infinitive. The rule therefore permitsJohn is liable to fall out of his chair if he doesn't sit up straight but notThe chair is liable to be slippery, though constructions of the latter type have long been common in reputable writing.Apt usually suggests that the subject has a natural tendency enhancing the probability of an outcome, and that the speaker is in some way apprehensive about the outcome.Thusapt is more naturally used in a sentence like The fuel pump is apt to give out at any minute than in Even the clearest instructions are apt to be misinterpreted by those idiots (since the instructions are not at fault)or inThe fuel pump is apt to give you no problems for the life of the car (since there is no reason that the speaker should regard such an outcome as unfortunate).Likely is more general than either liable or apt. It ascribes no particular property to the subject that enhances the probability of the outcome:whileJohn is apt to lose the election may suggest that the loss will result from something John does or fails to do, John is likely to lose the election does not. Nor does it suggest anything about the desirability of the outcome from the point of view of either the speaker or the subject.A football coach who saysWe are apt to win may be suspected of sarcasm,and one who saysWe are liable to win may be suspected of having bet on the opposition;onlyWe are likely to win is consistent with the expression of an unambivalent expectation of victory. See Usage Note at likely Liable，apt 和 likely 在如下不定式结构中经常可以互换， 例如 John is liable to lose，John is apt to lose 和 John is likely to lose 。 这三个词的意思是有区别的。一条公认的语法规则认为，只有当主语受不定式所表示的动作或结果的不利影响时，才使用liable 。 因此这条规则允许说如果约翰不坐直身子的话，他很容易从椅子上掉下来的 ， 但不允许说椅子可能很滑 ， 尽管在规范的写作中，后一种类型的句型已经很普遍了。Apt 通常表示主语有增加某种结果的可能性的自然倾向， 而且说话者对此结果多少有些忧虑。因此，apt 用在句子 燃料泵可能随时停止运转 中，比用在 即使是最明了的指令也有可能被那些白痴误解 中更自然 （因为错的不是指令），也比用在燃料可能不会对你的车的使用寿命带来什么问题 中更合适 （因为说话者没有理由认为这样一个结果很不幸）。Likely 比 liable 或 apt 更具概括性。 它并不说明增加了一个结果的可能性的主语是否具有何特性：句子约翰在选举中可能会失败 可能暗示失败归因于约翰所做的或没能做的某件事， 而句子约翰在选举中有可能失败 则没有这种暗示。 另外，它也没有关于说话者或主语是否喜欢某一结果的暗示。如果一位足球教练说We are apt to win ， 他可能带有讽刺意味，但如果他说We are liable to win ， 他的意思是他认为他们可能会输；只有说We are likely to win ，才明确表示有希望获胜 参见 likely〔branch〕An area of specialized skill or knowledge, especially academic or vocational, that is related to but separate from other areas:部门，分科：具有特殊技能或知识，尤指学术上或职业上的分区，与其他分区相联系但又有区别：〔persuade〕These verbs are compared as they mean to succeed in causing a person to do or consent to something.这些动词在表达成功地使某人做或赞同某事的意思时是有区别的。〔interdisciplinary〕Of, relating to, or involving two or more academic disciplines that are usually considered distinct.跨学科的：关于或包含两个或更多个通常被认为是有区别的学科的〔phonetic〕Representing the sounds of speech with a set of distinct symbols, each designating a single sound:代表语音的，表示发音的：用一套有区别的符号来代表语音的，每一个符号表示一个语音：〔apart〕As a distinct item or entity:有区别地：不同的项目或实体：〔well〕Used as an adjective applied to people,well usually refers to a state of health, whereasgood has a much wider range of senses. It has always been a first principle of grammatical criticism that there should be no difference without a distinction,and perhaps for this reason, some critics have insisted that the expressionfeel good cannot be used in reference to health. It is true that there is a distinction betweenfeel well and feel good, but both can be applied to a state of health.Thus a patient suffering from a chronic disease might appropriately say to a doctorI feel good today, which implies a relative lack of physical discomfort.By contrast,I feel well today would be appropriate if the patient believes that the ailment has disappeared. See Usage Note at good 用作形容词来形容人时，well 通常指健康状况， 但是good 的意思更加广泛。 在语法评论中，没有区别就没有差别一直是第一性原则，也许正是因为如此，一些批评家坚持认为feel good 这一表达方式不能用来指健康。 诚然，feel well 与 feel good 有区别， 但是两者都可用来指健康。所以一位患有慢性病的病人完全可以对医生说I feel good today（我今天感觉不错） ， 这句话暗示着病痛相对减轻了。相反，I feel well today（我今天感到全好了） 也可以，如果病人确信病症已消失了 参见 good〔differentiation〕The state of becoming differentiated.特殊化：变成有区别的情形〔distinguish〕To perceive as being different or distinct.区分，辨别，分清：感觉到不同的或有区别的〔selective〕Of or characterized by selection; discriminating.选择的，有选择性的：选择的或有其特征的；有区别的〔historic〕Historic and historical are differentiated in usage, though their senses overlap.Historic refers to what is important in history: Historic 和 historical 尽管在意义上有重叠的地方， 但用法上有区别。Historic 指历史上有重要意义的： 〔oppose〕These verbs are compared as they mean to set someone or something in opposition to another, as in an effort to overcome or defeat.这些动词表示把某事或某物放在相反位置上以求取胜时，意思是有区别的。〔distinct〕Readily distinguishable from all others; discrete:有区别的，不同的，个别的：与其他所有物品易于区别的；个别的：〔standard〕A long, tapering flag bearing heraldic devices distinctive of a person or corporation.旗：有区别个人或组织的徽章的长长的尖旗〔anxiety〕These nouns are compared as they refer to troubled states of mind.当表示精神的忧虑状态时，这些名词是有区别的。 |
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