| 单词 | 有必要 |
| 释义 | 〔ravel〕To say that we will ravel the history ofravel is an ambiguous statement, given that history. Ravel comes from the obsolete Dutch verbravelen, "to tangle, fray out, unweave,” which comes in turn from the nounravel, "a loose thread.” We can see the ambiguity ofravel already in the notion of a loose thread, because threads can be loose when they are tangled or when they are untangling.The Dutch verb has both notions present in it,denoting both tangling and unweaving.In one of its earliest recorded uses in English (before 1585)the verb means "to become entangled or confused,”and in 1598 we find a use in the sense "to entangle.”But in 1611 the word is used with reference to a fabricin the sense "to fray out,”and in 1607 in the sense "to unwind, unweave, or unravel.”In 1582 we already have an author using the word in a figurative way to mean "to take to pieces or disentangle,”while in a work written before 1656 we have a figurative instance of the sense "to entangle or confuse.”Clearly there was a need for the wordunravel, which is first found in 1603, but strangely enoughit did not solve the problem,ravel retaining up to this day both "entangling" and "disentangling" senses. 说我们要解开ravel 这个词的历史， 只要“历史”的意思不变，这种说法本来就是含糊的。 Ravel 这个词来源于意为“纠缠，磨损掉，解开”的废荷兰语动词ravelen， 而这个词又是从意为“一束松线”的名词ravel 衍生而来的。 在这个意思中，我们已经能看到ravel 的双重意思， 因为一团线缠起来或被解开后都有可能松散。荷兰语的这个词两个意思都有，既指缠起来又指松开。 (1585年前）这个词在英语中第一次使用时，它是“变得纠缠在一起、和含混不清”的意思，1598年我们又发现了“使缠在一起”的意思。但1611年当这个词用于指纺织品时，它却是“使散开”的意思，1607年它的意思是“倒转，松开，打开。”1582年有一位作家已经使用这个词的比喻义“散成一片片或分开”，而在一部写于1656年前的著作中，又有“缠紧，弄混”的比喻意义。毫无疑问，出现于1603年的unravel 这个词有必要的存在， 但非常奇怪的是,这并没有解决ravel 这个词直到现在还有“缠紧”和“分开”这两个意思 〔care〕To provide needed assistance or watchful supervision:看护，照料：提供有必要的帮助或小心仔细的监护：〔critical〕a critical element of the plan; a second income that is critical to the family's well-being.计划中的必要条件；对家庭的安康绝对有必要的第二收入〔behoove〕To be necessary or proper for:有需要，有必要：〔shape〕The proper condition of something necessary for action, effectiveness, or use:状态：对行动、效果或用途有必要的某物的合适状态：〔discrimination〕"It's necessary to eliminate all forms of sexual discrimination"(Jimmy Carter)See Usage Note at bias “有必要消除任何形式的性别歧视”(吉米·卡特) 参见 bias〔distance〕"To understand Russian strategy . . . it is necessary for us to distance ourselves from our own myths and to enter into theirs"(Freeman J. Dyson)“要想弄明白俄国的战略…我们有必要抛开我们自己的神话而考虑他们的”(弗里曼J.戴森)〔retire〕Despite the upbeat books written about retiringand the fact that it is a well-earned time of relaxation from the daily rigors of work,many people do not find it a particularly pleasant prospect.Perhaps the etymology ofretire may hint at why. The ultimate source of our word is the Old French wordretirer, made up of the prefixre-, meaning in this case "back,” and the verb tirer, "to draw,” together meaning "to take back or withdraw.” The first use of the English wordretire is recorded in 1533 in reference to a military force that withdraws.It is not until 1667 that we find the word used to mean "to withdraw from a position for more leisure.”In regard to the sting in all thiswe need to look at the source oftirer, "to draw, draw out, endure,”which ultimately may be from Old Frenchmartir, "a martyr,” probably reflecting the fact that martyrs had to endure the torture of being stretched up to and beyond the point of dislocating their bones.尽管有关于退休的乐观书籍，以及退休是从日常工作的严酷中解放出来的极好时光的事实，许多人并没有发现它特别令人愉悦的地方。也许retire 的语源学暗示了原因。 这个词最早的来源是古法语单词retirer ， 由在此意指“向后”的前缀re- 及意为“拉”的动词 tiver 合在一起组成，意为“撤回或退回”。 英语单词retire 的使用则最早记录于1553年， 指撤退的军队。直到1667年我们才发现该词用于表达“为得到更多的闲暇而退出职位。”考虑到所有这些词的负面含义，我们有必要看看tirer 的词源， 其意为“拉，拉出，容忍，”它可能最初源于意为“殉道者”的古法语martir ， 这可能反映了一个事实，即殉者不得不忍受四肢被拉直至骨肉脱离的酷刑〔rock〕He has an easygoing managerial style and won't rock the boat unless absolutely necessary.他有一套很随意的经营作风，除非极有必要否则不会改变自己一惯的做法〔complete〕Having all necessary or normal parts, components, or steps; entire:完全的：具有所有必要的或常规的部分、元件或步骤；全部的：〔thus〕Thus it was necessary for me to resign.因此我有必要辞职〔stover〕from Latin est opus [it is necessary] 源自 拉丁语 est opus [有必要] 〔slip〕"It is necessary to write, if the days are not to slip emptily by"(Vita Sackville-West)“如果日子不是这样空虚地流逝，很有必要写一写”(维塔·萨克威尔—韦斯特)〔bunkum〕After Buncombe , a county of western North Carolina, from a remark made around 1820 by its congressman, who felt obligated to give a dull speech "for Buncombe" 源自 邦康比 ，北卡罗来纳州西部一县，源自1820年国会的短评，他们认为有必要做一次枯燥的“哗众取宠”演说 〔ruin〕"It became necessary to destroy the town in order to save it" (Anonymous major in Vietnam). “为了拯救这个镇，有必要毁坏它” （越南的无名陆军少校）。 |
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