| 单词 | 有用 |
| 释义 | 〔useful〕a useful kitchen gadget.一件有用的厨具〔payload〕The revenue-producing part of a cargo.有用载重量：载运货物中的创造收入部分〔surveil〕Surveil has encountered the same kind of critical resistance that was once accorded to other back-formations such as diagnose and donate. It remains to be seen whether it too will eventually come to be regarded as useful and unexceptionable.Surveil 遇到了给与逆成词 diagnose 和 donate 的同样的批评性抵制。 它是否能被最后确认为有用的和无可指摘的，还在观望中〔practicable〕Practicable means "feasible" as well as "usable"and hence overlaps in meaning to some extent withpractical, which can mean "useful.” However,practicable does not share any other senses with practical. Practicable 意为“可行的”， 也有“可用的”之意，所以在意义上与意为“有用的”practical 有一定程度的重叠。 然而，practicable 与 pratical 没有其他意义的重合 〔Laputan〕After the flying island of Laputa in Gulliver's Travels by Jonathan Swift, where absurd projects are pursued and useful pursuits neglected. 源自 Laputa 的飞岛，在 格列佛游记 中，乔纳森·斯威夫特著，在那里人们追逐着极端不切实际的目标而放弃有用的目标 〔fact〕Fact has a long history of usage in the sense "allegation of fact,” as in "This tract was distributed to thousands of American teachers, but the facts and the reasoning are wrong" (Albert Shanker).This practice has led inevitably to the introduction of the phrasestrue facts and real facts, as inThe true facts of the case may never be known. These usages may occasion qualms among critics who hold that facts cannot be other than true,but they often serve a useful purpose.Fact 有一个漫长的历史用于表示“宣告事实”， 如在“这个小册子被散发到数以千计的美国教师手中，可这个宣称的事实和推理过程是错误的” （阿尔伯特·尚克）。这个惯例不可避免地导致引进词组true facts 和 real facts ， 如在这个案件的真实可能从未被证实 中。 这些用法在那些认为不可能不是真的事实的批评家中可能引起疑虑，而他们常用于有用的目的〔placer〕A place where a placer deposit is washed to extract its mineral content.砂矿开采地：一个用来清洗出有用矿物的砂矿开采地〔practical〕Concerned with the production or operation of something useful:可用的，实用的：有关有用事物的生产或操作的：〔handy〕Useful; convenient:有用的；方便的：〔metallurgy〕The science that deals with procedures used in extracting metals from their ores, purifying and alloying metals, and creating useful objects from metals.冶金术：研究从金属矿中提炼金属、提纯与合成金属，以及用金属制造有用物质过程的技术〔worthy〕Having worth, merit, or value; useful or valuable.有价值的：具有价值或优点的；有用的或有价值的〔develop〕To make available and effective to fulfill a particular end or need:使有用：为满足某个特定的目的或需要而使…有用，使…有效：〔recycle〕To extract and reuse (useful substances found in waste).重复利用：从（垃圾中找到的有用物质）提取并重新利用〔beneficial〕Profitable refers to what yields material gain or useful compensation: Profitable 意指获得物质收益或有用的补偿： 〔bestead〕To be of use to; avail.对…有用；有益〔heroine〕The wordhero should no longer be regarded as restricted to men in the sense "a person noted for courageous action,”thoughheroine is always restricted to women. The distinction betweenheroine and hero is still useful, however, in referring to the principal character of a fictional work, in as much as the virtues and qualities that become a traditional literary heroine like Elizabeth Bennet or Isabel Archer are generally quite different from those that become a traditional literary hero like Tom Jones or Huckleberry Finn.单词hero 不应该仅限于指男人， 因为它有“因勇敢行为而出名的人”的意思，尽管heroine 仅用于女人。 heroine 与 hero 之间的区别用于区分虚构的作品中的主要人物仍然有用， 因象伊丽莎白·贝内特或伊莎贝拉·阿彻这样的传统文学上的女主角与象汤姆·琼斯或哈克贝利·费恩这样的传统的文学上的男主角的美德与品质，一般说来，有很大不同〔utility〕The quality or condition of being useful; usefulness:功用，效用：有效用的特征或状态；有用，实用：〔save〕Reclaim, applied to people,means to bring back,as from error to virtue or to right or proper conduct;it can also mean to return a thing to usefulness or productivity: Reclaim 适用于人，意思是改过，如从谬误到美德或正义或正当的行为的改过；也指将某物转变为有用的或有生产能力的事物： 〔bioconversion〕The conversion of organic materials, such as plant or animal waste, into usable products or energy sources by biological processes or agents, such as certain microorganisms.生物转化：有机物质，如植物或动物粪便，通过生物过程或制剂的作用向有用物质或能源的转化，如某些微生物〔paternalism〕A policy or practice of treating or governing people in a fatherly manner, especially by providing for their needs without giving them rights or responsibilities.家长作风，家长式统治：有用父亲般的方式来对待或统治人们的政策或行为，尤指向他们提供所需的东西而不给他们权力或责任〔organized〕Efficient and methodical.有用的：有效且有条理的〔unprofitable〕Serving no useful purpose:无意义的：未为一个有用的目的服务的：〔unfruitful〕Not productive of a good or useful result.See Synonyms at sterile 无结果的，无成效的：不产生商品或有用结果的 参见 sterile〔crambe〕Any of certain Old World annual plants of the genusCrambe in the mustard family, cultivated for their seeds, which yield a useful oil similar to rape oil. 海甘蓝：任一种旧大陆十字花科两节荠属 的某些一年生植物，因其种子能榨出类似菜籽油的有用的油而被栽培 〔subservient〕Useful as a means or an instrument; serving to promote an end.有用的：作为一种有用的手段或工具，有助于促成结果的〔pennyroyal〕A Eurasian mint(Mentha pulegium) having small lilac-blue flowers and ovate or nearly orbicular leaves that yield a useful, aromatic oil. 薄荷：一种欧亚薄荷（唇萼薄荷 薄荷属） ，长有丁香紫蓝色花朵和卵形或近似圆形的叶子，其叶子可生产出一种有用和芳香的油 〔cup〕An athletic supporter having a protective reinforcement of rigid plastic or metal.运动员护身：一种运动员用的护身弹性织物，有用保护性的坚硬塑料或金属制成的加强层〔avail〕To be of use, value, or advantage; serve:有利：作为有用的、有价值的或有利的；服务：〔productive〕Yielding favorable or useful results; constructive.得益的：富有成效的或结果有用的；建设性的〔valuable〕Of great importance, use, or service:有用的，重大的：具有巨大重要性、用处或服务的：〔gender〕Traditionally,gender has been used primarily to refer to the grammatical categories of "masculine,” "feminine,” and "neuter"; but in recent years the word has become well established in its use to refer to sex-based categories,as in phrases such asgender gap and the politics of gender. This usage is supported by the practice of many anthropologists,who reservesex for reference to biological categories, while usinggender to refer to social or cultural categories. According to this rule,one would sayThe effectiveness of the medication appears to depend on the sex (not gender ) of the patient, butIn peasant societies, gender (not sex ) roles are likely to be more clearly defined. This distinction is useful in principle,but it is by no means widely observed,and considerable variation in usage occurs at all levels.传统地，gender 已被主要用来指“阳性”、“阴性”和“中性”的语法类别， 自近年来，这个单词已被人们普遍接受为指基于性别区分的类别，例如在词组性别差异 和 性别政治 中， 这种用法被许多人类学家所支持，他们把sex 局限为生物类别， 而用gender 来指社会和文化方面的类别。 根据这种规则，我们应该说医疗的有效性似乎取决于 （而不是 gender ） 病人的性别， 但是在农业国家中，性别的 （不是 sex ） 角色易于有更清楚的定义。 这种区分在原则上是有用的，但无法被人们广泛注意，而且大量变体出现于在不同水平的用法中〔junk〕The wordjunk is an example of the change in meaning known as generalization, and very aptly too, since the amount of junk in the world seems to be generalizing and proliferating rapidly. The Middle English wordjonk, ancestor of junk, originally had a very specific meaning restricted to nautical terminology.First recorded in 1353,the word meant "an old cable or rope.”On a sailing ship it made little sense to throw away useful materialsince considerable time might pass before one could get new supplies.Old cable was used in a variety of ways,for example, to make fenders,that is, material hung over the side of the ship to protect it from scraping other ships or wharves.Junk came to refer to this old cable as well. The big leap in meaning taken by the word seems to have occurred whenjunk was applied to discarded but useful material in general. This extension may also have taken place in a nautical context,for the earliest, more generalized use ofjunk is found in the compound junk shop, referring to a store where old materials from ships were sold.Junk has gone on to mean useless waste as well. Junk 一词是被称为词义扩大化的例子；由于世界上垃圾的数量正在迅速扩散和激增，该词词义的扩大也是很适宜的。 junk 一词源自古英语单词 jonk ， 其最初的意思只限于航海术语当中。1353年首次记载下来时，该词义为“旧缆绳或旧绳子”。在帆船上，扔掉有用的东西是不明智的，因为也许要过去好长一段时间才有可能得到新的供应品。旧缆绳可用在很多不同的方面，例如用来做防撞物，即悬在船舷上保护船舷不受其它船只或码头刮擦的材料。Junk 同样也用来指旧缆绳。 当junk 普遍地被用来指丢弃了的然而有用的材料时，该词的词义发生了巨大的变化。 该词的词义延伸也可能已经出现在与航海有关的背景中，因为junk 一词最早的、更为概括性的使用是在 junk shop 这一复合词中发现的。 该词指出售船上旧材料的商店。Junk 仍继续用来指没用的废旧物品 〔utility〕from ūtilis [useful] 源自 ūtilis [有用的] 〔unfit〕"Having run for president . . . often unfits a man for lesser or more useful subsequent work"(Garry Wills)“竞选过总统…常使一个人或多或少地不适合以后有用的工作”(加里·威尔斯)〔bleed〕To drain of all valuable resources:耗尽：耗尽有用资源：〔damage〕Impairment of the usefulness or value of person or property; harm.损害，破坏：对有用或有价值的人或财产的破坏；伤害〔avail〕To be of use or advantage to; help:有用，帮助：使达到一种有用的或有利的状态；帮助：〔handmaid〕Often handmaiden Something that serves a useful but subordinate purpose: 常作 handmaiden 一些有用的但只起辅助作用的东西：〔efficiency〕The ratio of the effective or useful output to the total input in any system.效率：在某一系统中有效的或有用的产出与总投入的比率〔herbal〕A book about plants and herbs, especially those that are useful to human beings.草药书：有关植物和牧草的书，尤指有关对人类有用的植物的书 |
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