| 单词 | 朋友 |
| 释义 | 〔deploy〕"Samuel Beckett's friends suspected that he was a genius, yet no one knew . . . how his abilities would be deployed"(Richard Ellmann)“萨缪尔贝克特的朋友认为他是个天才，但是没有人知道…他的能力是如何施展的”(理查德·埃尔曼)〔characteristic〕heard my friend's characteristic laugh; the stripes that are characteristic of the zebra.听到我朋友有特色的笑声；斑马明显的花纹条〔escape〕"Family friends . . . she shunned like the plague" (John Galsworthy).她像逃避灾祸一样逃避家族的朋友 （约翰·高尔斯华绥）。〔friendly〕Of, relating to, or befitting a friend:友好的：朋友的、与朋友有关的或适合做朋友的：〔love〕We love our parents. I love my friends.我们爱我们的父母。我爱我的朋友〔of〕Grammarians have sometimes condemned categorically the so-called double genitive construction,as ina friend of my father's; a book of mine. The construction is well supported by literary precedent,however, and serves a useful purpose.Thus there is no substitute for the double genitive in a sentence such asThat's the only friend of yours that I've ever met, since sentences such asThat's your only friend that I've ever met and That's your only friend, whom I've ever met are obviously impossible. 语法学家有时谴责这种范畴上的双重所有格形式，如我父亲的朋友；我的一本书 。 这种结构为许多文学先进所支持，认为它们是很有用的。在一个如那是我曾经遇到的你唯一的朋友 的句子中双重所有格是没有替代式的， 因为句子如那是我曾遇到的你唯一的朋友 和 那是唯一一个我曾遇到的你的朋友 显然是完全不一样的 〔chum〕An intimate friend or companion.挚友：亲密的朋友或伙伴〔stick〕stick by a friend through difficult times.在危难时期对朋友保持忠诚〔touch〕recognized my friend's touch in the choice of the card.从挑选贺卡中看出我朋友独具的行事方法〔fellowship〕A close association of friends or equals sharing similar interests.朋友：关系密切的朋友或有共同兴趣的人〔deaccession〕"He also denied that . . . friends of the museum were permitted to buy . . . pieces that were deaccessioned"(New York Times)“他也否认…博物馆的朋友允许购买…禁止出售的几件艺术品”(纽约时报)〔comment〕made an unpleasant comment about my friend;作一个关于我朋友的讨厌评论；〔befriend〕To behave as a friend to.像朋友一样对待…〔real〕a real friend.一个真正的朋友〔intimate〕A close friend or confidant.至交：亲密的朋友或知己〔rat〕ratted on his best friend to the police.把他最好的朋友出卖给警察〔Diderot〕French philosopher and writer whose supreme accomplishment was his work on theEncyclopédie (1751-1772), which epitomized the spirit of Enlightenment thought. He also wrote novels, plays, critical essays, and brilliant letters to a wide circle of friends and colleagues. 迪德洛特，丹尼斯：(1713-1784) 法国哲学家和作家，他的最大成就是著作《百科全书》 （1751-1772年）。此书概括了18世纪启蒙运动的精神。他还写了小说、剧本、评论论文集以及给广大范围的朋友和同事的才华横溢的书信 〔fall〕My friend's voice fell to a whisper.我朋友的声音逐渐变为耳语〔kludge〕The wordkludge is not "etymologist-friendly,” having many possible origins,none of which can be definitively established.This term, found frequently in the jargon of the engineering and computer professions,denotes a usually workable but makeshift system, modification, solution, or repair.Kludge has had a relatively short life (first recorded in 1962 although it is said to have been used as early as 1944 or 1945) for a word with so many possible origins. The proposed sources of the word, Germanklug, kluge, "intelligent, clever,” or a blend ofklutz and nudge or klutz and refudge, do not contain all the necessary sounds to give us the word,correctly pronounced at least.The notions thatkludge may have been coined by a computer technician or that it might be the last name of a designer of graphics hardware seem belied by the possibility that it is older than such origins would allow.It seems most likely that the wordkludge originally was formed during the course of a specific situation in which such a device was called for.The makers of the word,if still alive,are no doubt unaware that etymologists need informationso they can stop trying to "kludge" an etymology together.单词kludge 不是“词源学家的朋友”， 有很多可能的来源，每一个都不能准确成立。这个词，经常在工程和电脑业的行话中找到，表示一个通常能工作但是临时凑合的系统、修改、解答或修理。作为一个有这么多可能的来源的词，kludge 却有一个相对小的年纪（1962年第一次有记载，尽管据说早到1944年或1945年就已经使用）。 该词被推荐的来源是德文klug, kluge “聪明的，灵巧的”， 或者klutz 和 nudge 的混合或 klutz 和 refudge 的混合， 没有包含能向我们给出这个词的所有必需的声音，至少是正确的发音。kludge 可能是由电脑技术人员杜撰的或者它可能是图形显示硬件的一名设计者的姓， 这些看法由于它比这些来源能允许的时间要早的可能性而被误解。看起来最可能的是单词kludge ， 最早是在需要这样的设备的特定环境中形成的。这一单词的制造者，如果还健在的话，毫无疑问意识不到词源学家需要此类信息，这样他们才能终止“临时搭配”成一个词源的努力〔stranger〕One who is neither a friend nor an acquaintance.陌生人：既非朋友又非熟人之人〔indifferent〕blithely unconcerned about his friend's plight.只顾自己愉快地生活，对朋友的困境漠不关心。〔bud〕Friend; chum. Used as a form of familiar address for a man or boy:伙伴，兄弟：朋友；伙伴。用作对男人或男孩的一种熟悉的称呼：〔confidant〕A character in a drama or fiction, such as a trusted friend or servant, who serves as a device for revealing the inner thoughts or intentions of a main character.密友：戏剧或小说中的人物，如作为可信赖的朋友或仆人，来揭露主角的内心思想和意图〔punish〕"The individual who refuses to defend his rights when called by his Government . . . must be punished as an enemy of his country and friend to her foe" (Andrew Jackson).Tocorrect is to punish so that the offender will mend his or her ways: 被国家所召集却拒绝维护他的权利的个人…一定被当作自己国家的敌人和国家敌人的朋友而受到惩罚 （安德鲁·杰克逊）。Corret 意指惩罚以使冒犯者改正他或她的习惯： 〔pal〕A friend; a chum.朋友：朋友；好朋友〔amicable〕from Latin amīcus [friend] 源自 拉丁语 amīcus [朋友] 〔amity〕from Latin amīcus [friend] 源自 拉丁语 amīcus [朋友] 〔compadre〕A close friend or associate; a companion.亲密的朋友或伙伴；同伴〔make〕made up to his friend's boss.向他朋友的老板献殷勤〔so〕So is frequently used in informal speech to string together the elements of a narrative. This practice should not be carried over into formal writing,where the absence of contextual information generally requires that connections be made more explicit. ·Critics have sometimes objected to the use ofso as an intensive meaning "to a great degree or extent,” as inWe were so relieved to learn that the deadline had been extended. This usage is most common in informal contexts,perhaps because unlike the neutralvery, it presumes that the listener or reader will be sympathetic with the speaker's evaluation of the situation. (Thus one would be more apt to sayIt was so unfair of them not to invite you than to sayIt was so fortunate that I didn't have to put up with your company. ) For just this reason,the construction may occasionally be used to good effect in more formal contexts to invite the reader to take the point of view of the speaker or subject: 在非正式的讲话中，so 经常被用来连接叙述的成分。 但是这种做法不能带入正式的写作当中，上下文信息的缺乏通常要求连接明确。批评家们有些时候对so 被用来表示强调的意思“很大程度”提出反对， 如在我们得知最后期限已被推迟的消息时感到了极大的放松 中。 这种用法在非正式的文章中最常用，也许是因为和中性的very 不同， 它假定听众或读者能对讲话者对形势的评价引起共鸣。（因此人们通常会说他们没有邀请你是多么不公平 ， 而不是说多幸运啊，我不必再成为你的朋友 )。 正因为这个原因，这个结构有时在正式的文章中也有很好的作用，使读者接受说话人或主题的观点： 〔comrade〕A person who shares one's interests or activities; a friend or companion.同志：与别人共享利益或一起参加活动的人；朋友或伴友〔of〕give of one's time; two of her friends; most of the cases.对某人的时间而言；两个她的朋友；大多数的情况〔invite〕invite friends to dinner; invite writers to a conference.请朋友吃饭；请作家出席一个会议〔Cranach〕German painter and engraver noted for his many portraits and religious works, some of which depict the theological views of his friend Martin Luther.克拉那赫，卢卡斯：(1472-1553) 德国画家和雕刻家，以他的众多的肖像画和宗教作品出名，其中的一些作品描述了他的朋友马丁·路德的神学观点〔alike〕The twins are as alike as two peas in a pod. Friends are generally alike in background and tastes.这对双胞胎长得象一个豆荚里的两颗豆子。一般来说朋友的经历和品味都是相象的〔valentine〕A sentimental or humorous greeting card sent to a sweetheart, friend, or family member, for example, on Saint Valentine's Day.卡片：一种寄给情人、朋友或家庭成员的一种充满感情的或幽默的问候卡片，如在圣瓦伦丁节日时所寄〔Sullivan〕American educator. Visually impaired herself, she was the teacher and lifelong companion of Helen Keller.沙利文，安妮·曼斯菲尔德：(1866-1936) 美国教育家。他视力不好，是海伦·凯勒的老师和一生的朋友和伙伴〔offend〕"He often offended men who might have been useful friends" (John Lothrop Motley).“他经常伤害那些本可以成为有用朋友的人” （约翰·洛思罗普·莫特利）。〔cop〕copped out on my friends; copped out by ducking the issue.失信于朋友；回避这个问题〔dispute〕Her friends disputed her intentions.她的朋友怀疑她的意图 |
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