| 单词 | 朝圣 |
| 释义 | 〔Massasoit〕Wampanoag leader who aided the Pilgrim colonists and signed a peace treaty with them at Plymouth.马萨索伊特：北美万帕诺亚格印第人的首领，他帮助朝圣殖民者并在普利茅斯签订了和平协议〔David〕Patron saint of Wales. His shrine at St. David's in southwest Wales was an important place of pilgrimage during the Middle Ages.圣戴维：威尔士的守护神，他在威尔士西南部的圣戴维圣地是中世纪时期朝圣的重要地点〔ihram〕The sacred state of Moslem pilgrims in wearing this dress, during which time they practice great self-denial.受戒：穆斯林教徒朝圣时穿上这种衣服所处的神圣状态，在此期间他们必须进行严格的修行〔ihram〕The sacred dress of Moslem pilgrims, consisting of two lengths of white cotton, one wrapped around the loins, the other thrown over the left shoulder.戒衣：穆斯林教徒朝圣时的服装，由两条白色的棉花带织成，一条围在腰部，另一条搭在左肩〔Hardwar〕A city of northern India on the Ganges River north-northeast of Delhi. It is a Hindu pilgrimage center. Population, 114,180.哈德瓦：印度北部一城市，位于德里东北偏北部的恒河上。是印度人朝圣的中心。人口114,180〔fair〕The history of the wordfair illustrates how words can weaken in meaning over time. In Old English the ancestor offair, fæger, had senses such as "lovely, beautiful, pleasant, agreeable,” a far cry from our modern sense "mildly good or satisfying.”The Old English senses passed into Middle English,where the wordfair started to take a slight turn in the direction already alluded to. Fair could mean "highly to be approved of, splendid, good,”but it could also be used ironically,as in Chaucer's observation after a horse threw the Cook on the pilgrimage to Canterbury:"that was a fair feat of horsemanship by the Cook.”This ironic use was probably not responsible for the semantic weakening offair, but it shows how a positive word can have its meaning reversed.The weakening offair was most likely caused by "the determined optimism which led to the use of fair . . . rather than direct expression of discontent,”in the words of George H. McKnight.One might add as another cause the desire to avoid hurting other people's feelings.单词fair 的历史表明随岁月的流逝单词的语意变弱。 在古英语中fair，f?ger 本意是“可爱的，漂亮的，愉快的”， 与我们现在的“比较好或满意的”大相径庭。古英语传到中世纪英语时，fair 已开始在引申的方向上有微小的转变。 Fair 可以表达“被高度赞许的，辉煌的，好的，”但也可用作反语，如在往坎特伯雷朝圣的途中马将科克摔下时后，乔尔斯评论道：“那是科克精湛骑术的体现”。这种反语用法也许对fair 语义学上的弱化没有联系， 但它表明了一个褒义的单词可以变得意思完全相反。fair 的弱化很大程度上缘于“坚决的乐观主义导致 fair 的用法改变， 而不是直接表达不满意的意思，”乔治赫·马克奈特如此评论。人们可以再添上其它原因以免伤害别人的感情〔Mathura〕A city of north-central India northwest of Agra. An important repository of ancient Indian art, it is a Hindu pilgrimage site revered as the reputed birthplace of Krishna. Population, 147,493.马图拉：印度中北部城市，位于阿格拉市西北。它是古印度文化艺术的重要保藏地，作为驰名的克利须那的诞生地，也是印度教朝圣之地。人口147,493〔faithful〕a pilgrimage to Mecca made by the faithful.教徒前往麦加朝圣的旅途〔Varanasi〕A city of northeast-central India on the Ganges River southeast of Lucknow. One of India's oldest cities, it is a sacred Hindu pilgrimage site with some 1,500 temples, palaces, and shrines. Population, 708,647.瓦腊纳西：印度中部偏东北恒河上的一座城市，位于勒克瑙城的东南部，它是印度最古老的城市之一，有大约1500座宙宇、宫殿或圣殿并成为印度教朝圣圣地。人口708,647〔Nasik〕A town of west-central India northeast of Bombay. It is a Hindu pilgrimage center noted for its brass and copper ware. Population, 262,428.纳西克：孟买东北部印度中西部的一个城镇。它是印度教教徒朝圣的中心。以其黄铜器和铜制品而闻名。人口262,428〔pilgrimage〕A journey to a sacred place or shrine.朝圣，朝觐：到圣地或神殿去的旅行〔Qom〕A city of west-central Iran south-southwest of Tehran. It has been a Shiite Moslem center since early Islamic times and a pilgrimage site since the 17th century. Population, 424,000.库姆：伊朗中西部一城市，位于德黑兰西南偏南。从早期的穆斯林时代起，它就是什叶派穆斯林的中心，从17世纪起成为朝圣胜地。人口424,000〔haj〕A pilgrimage to Mecca during Dhu’l Hijja, made as an objective of the religious life of a Moslem.朝圣：在回历十二月期间去麦加朝觐，这是穆斯林宗教生活的一个人生目标 |
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