| 单词 | 期待 |
| 释义 | 〔hope〕To hope with little reason or justification.一线希望：几乎没有理由地期待〔expect〕These verbs are related in various ways to the idea of looking ahead to something in the future.Toexpect is to look forward to the likely occurrence or appearance of someone or something: 这些动词在不同的方面涉及到前瞻将来之事物的意思。Expect 意思是期待某事或某人可能的发生或出现： 〔trust〕Reliance on something in the future; hope.期待，期望：对某事未来的信赖；希望〔hope〕To expect and desire.See Synonyms at expect 期待和渴望 参见 expect〔counterintuition〕Intuition that is contrary to what one would expect.反直觉：与一个人所期待的相反的直觉〔expectant〕Having or marked by expectation:期待的，期望的：有期望的或以其为特征的：〔optimism〕A tendency to expect the best possible outcome or dwell on the most hopeful aspects of a situation:乐观主义，乐观：期待一切都朝着好的方向发展或总是考虑事情最有利的方面的一种倾向：〔tempered〕"prepare the country to expect hard choices and to appreciate tempered values and moderation in private and public life"(Haynes Johnson)“让国家准备着去期待艰难的选择、去欣赏温和的价值和在个人和公众生活中的节制”(海恩斯·约翰逊)〔wait〕To remain or rest in expectation:期待，等待：期望中保持或休息：〔expect〕To look forward to the probable occurrence or appearance of:期待：期望某事的发生或出现：〔anticipate〕To look forward to, especially with pleasure; expect.期望；期待：期望，尤指怀着喜悦；期待〔trust〕To expect with assurance; assume:盼望：自信地期待；设想：〔sure〕Confident, as of something awaited or expected:确信的：有信心的，如对等待的或期待的某事：〔prospect〕Something expected; a possibility.期待：被期望的某物；可能性〔hope〕To look forward to with confidence or expectation:期待：充满信心或期望地盼着：〔unhoped〕Not hoped or looked for.非希望的或期待的〔expectant〕an expectant look; an expectant hush.期待的月光；意料的安静〔hope〕We hope that our children will carry on our family traditions.我们期待我们的孩子能继承家族的传统〔wayward〕Given to or marked by willful, often perverse deviation from what is desired, expected, or required in order to gratify one's own impulses or inclinations.See Synonyms at contrary ,unruly 任性的：具有或以任性为特征的，通常与为了满足某人自己的冲动或癖好所期待、盼望或要求的完全相反 参见 contrary,unruly〔hopefully〕And though this use ofhopefully may have been a vogue word when it first gained currency 30 years ago, it has long since lost any taint of jargon or pretentiousness for the general reader.The well-attested acceptance of the usage reflects an implicit popular recognition of its usefulness;there is no precise substitute.Someone who saysHopefully, the treaty will be ratified makes a hopeful prediction about the fate of the treaty,whereas someone who saysI hope (or We hope or It is hoped ) the treaty will be ratified expresses a bald statement about what is desired. Only the latter could be continued with a clause such asbut it isn't likely. · It might have been expected, then, that the initial flurry of objections tohopefully would have subsided once the usage became well established. Instead, increased currency of the usage appears only to have made the critics more adamant.In the 1969 Usage Panel survey the usage was acceptable to 44 percent of the Panel;in the most recent survey it was acceptable to only 27 percent.(By contrast, 60 percent accepted the analogous use ofmercifully in the sentence Mercifully, the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score. ) Yet the Panel has not shown any signs of becoming generally more conservative:in the very same survey panelists were disposed to accept once-vilified usagessuch as the employment ofcontact and host as verbs. · It seems that this use ofhopefully has been made a litmus test, which distinguishes writers who take an active interest in questions of grammar or usage from the great mass of people who keep their own linguistic counsel.No one can be blamed who useshopefully in blithe ignorance of the critics' disdain for it, since the rule could not be derived from any general concern for clarity or precision.But writers who are aware of the critical controversy face a more delicate decision.Some will simply flout the rule,seeing no reason that they should be deprived of a useful construction.Others may choose to avoid the usage,whether they are motivated by discretion or civility. ·Like other sentence adverbs such asbluntly and happily, hopefully may occasionally be ambiguous. In the sentenceHopefully, the company has launched a new venture, the word hopefully might be construed as describing the point of view of either the speaker or the subject. Such ambiguities can be resolved either by repositioning the adverb (as inThe company has launched the new venture hopefully ) or by choosing a paraphrase ( One may hope that the company has launched the new venture ). 尽管hopefully 的这一用法在30年前首次通用的时候曾是个时兴词， 但对于广大读者来说它早已失去了俚语或矫饰的色彩。屡经证实的对这一用法的接受反映了对其实用性的普遍默认；而且并不存在其他精确的代用词。有人如果说但愿条约能被批准 ， 便是对条约的命运作了充满希望的预测，反之如果有人说我希望 （或 我们希望 或 希望 ) 条约将会被批准 则表达了对其期望之物的大胆声明。 只有后者可以接从句象但这不大可能 。 也许我们本可以期待当这一用法已变得根深蒂固之后， 对hopefully 的一片反对声可稍事平息。 然而，这一用法的流行似乎反而使批评家们更为坚定。在1969年用法调查使用小组的调查中44%的成员接受这一用法；在最近一次的调查中却只有27%的成员接受。（相比之下，60%的人接受mercifully 在句子 幸好，在对手能够给这一边倒的比分再加上一分之前，比赛就结束了 中的类似用法） 但是并没有任何迹象表明调查小组成员正在普遍变得更保守：在同一次调查中小组成员们倾向于接受被一度废除的某些用法，如把contact 和 host 用作动词看来。 似乎hopefully 的用法已经成了一块试金石， 它把对语法和用法怀有浓厚兴趣的作家和保留着他们自己的语言学顾问的广大民众区分开来。那些全然忽视批评家们的蔑视使用hopefully 的人不该受到指责， 因为规则并不来源于任何对清晰和精确的关注。但是意识到了批评界争议的作者们面对着一个更为微妙的决定。有些人干脆违反规则，他们认为没有理由要失去这么一个实用的结构。另外一些人则选择避免这一用法，无论其动机是出于谨慎还是出于礼貌。象许多其它句中副词如bluntly 和 happily一样，hopefully 经常出现歧义。 在下句 Hopefully, the company has launched a new venture 中， hopefully 一词可以解释为记述说话者的观点或者句中主语的观点。 这种歧义可以通过调换副词位置（如公司已经满怀希望地到办了一个新企业 )或选择另一种说法( 有人希望这个公司已经创办了一个新企业 )来消除 〔supererogatory〕Performed or observed beyond the required or expected degree.职责以外的：超出被要求或期待程度之外被做或被观察的〔esperance〕from Latin spērāns spērant- [present participle of] spērāre [to hope] * see spē- 源自 拉丁语 spērāns spērant- spērāre的现在分词 [希望，期待] * 参见 spē- 〔hope〕To wish for something with expectation of its fulfillment.希望：期待某些事情能够实现〔workload〕The amount of work assigned to or expected from a worker in a specified time period.工作量：在特定的时间内分配给或期待从一个工人处得到的工作量〔supererogate〕To do more than is required, ordered, or expected.做分外事：比所要求、命令或期待的做得更多〔expect〕To consider reasonable or due:期待，预期：认为合理或应该的：〔stiff〕"that tense moment of expectation" (Arnold Bennett).“紧张的期待时刻” （阿诺德·白纳德）〔sensation〕"The anticipation produced in me a sensation somewhat between bliss and fear"(James Weldon Johnson)“期待使我产生了介于幸福与恐惧之间的激动”(詹姆斯·韦尔登·约翰逊)〔hope〕A wish or desire accompanied by confident expectation of its fulfillment.希望：一种愿望或渴望，对其实现有自信的期待〔delay〕These verbs mean to cause to be later or slower than expected or desired. To这些动词表示比所期待的要迟一些或慢一些的意思。〔palpable〕"There was a palpable sense of expectation in the court"(Nelson DeMille)See Synonyms at perceptible “在法庭上有一种明显的期待感”(纳尔逊·德米耶) 参见 perceptible〔deviation〕The central meaning shared by these nouns is "a departure from what is prescribed or expected": 这些名词的中心意思是“与命令、指示或期待的结果相背离”： 〔prolepsis〕from prolambanein [to anticipate] 源自 prolambanein [期待] 〔modicum〕"England still expects a modicum of eccentricity in its artists"(Ian Jack)“英国仍期待出现少数离经叛道的艺术家”(伊安·杰克)〔expectative〕Of, relating to, or characterized by expectation.期待的，预期的：期待的，关于或成为期待目标的〔expect〕To look forward to the birth of one's child. Used in progressive tenses:期望孩子诞生：期待某人小孩的降生。用于进行时：〔water〕To salivate in anticipation of food:分泌唾液：期待食物而分泌唾液：〔Cahn〕American songwriter whose collaborations with various composers include "High Hopes" (1959) and "Call Me Irresponsible" (1963).卡恩，萨米：(生于 1915) 美国歌词创作家，与不同作曲家合作的作品包括“过高的期待”（1959年）和“叫我不负责任的人”（1963年）〔miasma〕"The family affection, the family expectations, seemed to permeate the atmosphere . . . like a coiling miasma"(Louis Auchincloss)“家庭的感情，家庭的期待…像盘旋的瘴气一样渗透到每一寸空气里”(路易斯·奥金克洛斯)〔wait〕To remain or stay in expectation of; await:等：期待某事；等： |
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