| 单词 | 来自 |
| 释义 | 〔parasexual〕Of, relating to, or involving a form of reproduction in which recombination of genes from different individuals occurs without meiosis and fertilization.准性的，拟有性的：属于、有关或包含一种来自各个体的基因重组时没有减数分裂和受精作用的生殖形式的〔thallium〕thall(o)- [from its green spectral line] thall(o)- [来自它的绿色光谱线] 〔Ellsworth〕American jurist and politician. A U.S. senator from Connecticut (1789-1796), he worked on the legislation that created the federal court system (1789) and later served as the chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1796-1800).埃尔思沃思，奥利弗：(1745-1807) 美国法官和政治家。作为一名来自康涅狄格州的参议员（1789-1796年），他致力于立法工作，创立了联邦法院系统（1789年），后来成为美国最高法院首席大法官（1796-1800年）〔noble〕Proceeding from or indicative of such a character; showing magnanimity:表现出崇高的：来自或表示出这种性质的；表现出高尚的：〔judicial〕Decreed by or proceeding from a court of justice:法庭的，判决的：法庭判决的或来自法庭的：〔laconic〕As the study of the classics has disappeared from the curriculum,so has the ready understanding that terms such aslaconic once possessed. Laconic, which comes to us via Latin from Greek Lakōnikos, is first recorded in 1583with the sense "of or relating to Laconia or its inhabitants.”Lakōnikos is derived from Lakōn, "a Laconian, a person from Lakedaimon,”the name for the region of Greeceof which Sparta was the capital.The Spartans, noted for being warlike and disciplined, were also known for the brevity of their speech,and it is this quality that English writers still denote by the use of the adjectivelaconic, which is first found in this sense in 1589. 当古典研究从学校的课程中消失的时候，人们对于诸如laconic 之类的曾经黯熟的词汇的本来理解也同时失去。 Laconic 这个词是从希腊文 Lakonikos 经拉丁文流传下来的， 它第一次出现于1583年，意思是“拉哥尼亚的或拉哥尼亚居民的”。Lakonikos 源于 Lakon ， 意为“一个拉哥尼亚人，来自拉栖第梦的人”，它是希腊的一个地区名，斯巴达是其首府。以好战和纪律严明闻名的斯巴达人也同样因为言简意赅而闻名，laconic 这个词从1589年起被发现有言简意赅的意思起直到今天仍然被英国作家用来表示这一意思 〔hornbeam〕The wood of one of these trees.角木：来自此种树木的木材〔dace〕[possibly of Celtic origin] [可能来自塞尔特语的] 〔range〕[of Germanic origin] * see sker- 2[来自德语] * 参见 sker- 2〔profound〕Coming as if from the depths of one's being:深奥的：好象来自某人本质的深处的：〔charlatan〕A charlatan and chatter are inseparable,even perhaps in the etymology ofcharlatan. According to one explanation,charlatan goes back through French to Italian ciarlatano, "mountebank, fraud,” from the wordciarlare, "to chatter.” Another explanation would derivecharlatan from the Italian word cerretano, "an inhabitant of Cerreto, a quack,” the village of Cerreto being noted for its charlatans.It seems, however, that bothciarlare and cerretano have been involved in the formation of the Italian word. The first example of the English word and of its earliest recorded sense,"huckster, especially of medicines, who gives his pitch to a crowd; mountebank,” is found in 1618.The sense familiar to us,"a person pretending to skill or knowledge,”is first recorded in 1809.“冒充内行者”与“喋喋不休”是分不开的，甚至也许在charlatan 的词源上。 根据一种解释，charlatan 可以由法语追溯到意大利语的 ciarlatano， “江湖郎中，骗子”， 其来自ciarlare “喋喋不休”。 另一种解释是从意大利词cerretano 派生出 charlatan， “塞利托的居民，庸医，” 以其庸医闻名的塞利托村。但似乎ciarlare 与 cerretano 两个词都与这个意大利词的形成有关。 这个英语词第一个例子以及它最早记载的意义，“大吹大擂推销商品的人，尤指向人群推销药品的人；江湖医生，”见于1618年。对于我们熟悉的含义，“冒充在技能和知识上内行的人，”最早记载于1809年〔atman〕Atman The essence that is eternal, unchanging, and indistinguishable from the essence of the universe. Atman 宇宙本质：来自宇宙的本质是永恒的、不变的、难以理解的本质〔warrant〕Authorization or certification; sanction, as given by a superior.准许：授权或批准；准许（如来自上司的）〔upcountry〕Of, located in, or coming from the upcountry.属于座落在或来自一国的内地或高地的〔dark〕Exhibiting or stemming from evil characteristics or forces; sinister:凶恶的，阴险的：展示或来自邪恶的人物或力量的阻碍；邪恶的：〔stage〕"tourists from London who had staged through Warsaw"(Frederick Forsyth)“那些来自伦敦的游客在华沙休息了一程”(弗雷德里克·福赛思)〔junior〕a junior officer; the junior senator from Texas.下级军官；来自得州的新议员〔bylaw〕A casual glance at the wordbylaw might make one think that the element by- means "secondary, subsidiary,” especially sincebylaw can mean "a secondary law.” It is possible thatby-, as in byway, has influencedbylaw in the sense "secondary law"; however,bylaw existed long before the sense in question. The word is first recorded in 1283 with the meaning "a body of customs or regulations, as of a village, manor, religious organization, or sect.”By- in this word comes from Old Norse, as may the wordbylaw, and is related to if not identical with the element -by in the names of many places, such as Whitby, where Scandinavians settled when they invaded England during the early Middle Ages.We get the sense of this-by if we compare the related word entered as bær, b÷r, bȳr, in the standard dictionary of Old Icelandic, meaning "a town or village" in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark and "a farm or landed estate" in Iceland. We thus see whybylaw would mean "a body of customs of a village or manor" and why we use the word to mean "a law or rule governing the internal affairs of an organization.”随意瞟一眼单词bylaw 可能会使人想起前缀 by- ，意为“第二位的，次要的”， 因为bylaw 意为“附属的法规”。 可能因为前缀by- 位于 byway 中， 它影响了bylaw “附属法规”这一意义； 然而bylaw 一词在上述意义产生之前早已存在。 该词最初是在1283年以“一种习俗或规章体系，如村庄、县邑、宗教组织或派系之中”这种含义记载的。前缀By- 来自古斯堪的纳维亚语中， 正如bylaw 一词在许多地名之中与后缀 -by 若不是完全一致，就是彼此相关， 如惠特比，这是斯堪的纳维亚人在中世纪早期侵入英格兰之后的定居地。如果我们将古冰岛标准字典中的相关词bær, b÷r, bȳr （在挪威、瑞典和丹麦这些国家中意为“城镇或村庄”而在冰岛意为“农场或庄园”）加以比较，就会得出后缀 -by 的含义。 我们因而可以明白为什么bylaw 一词意为“村庄或县邑的习俗体系” 以及我们为什么使用其“一种法规或规则，用于管理一个组织的内部事务”这一意义〔McCarthy〕American politician. A U.S. senator from Wisconsin (1947-1957), he presided over the permanent subcommittee on investigations and held public hearings in which he accused army officials, members of the media, and public figures of being Communists. His charges were never proved, and he was censured by the Senate in 1954.麦卡锡，约瑟夫·雷芒德：(1908-1957) 美国政治家，来自威斯康星州的美国参议员(1947-1957年）。他指责许多军队官员、新闻媒介内部工作人员和公众人物为共产党，并指挥一个永久委员会分会对他们进行调查和公开审判。他的指控从未成立，1954年他受到议会的谴责〔wax〕A solid plastic or pliable liquid substance, such as ozocerite or paraffin, originating from petroleum and found in rock layers and used in paper coating, as insulation, in crayons, and often in medicinal preparations.石蜡：如地蜡或石蜡等来自原油的固态塑料状或可塑液态物质，发现于岩层中，用于纸的涂层如绝缘，蜡笔，还常用于医药制剂〔tetradymite〕from Late Greek tetradumos [fourfold (from the double twin crystals in which it usually is found)] 源自 后期希腊语 tetradumos [四叠（来自它的成对双晶结构）] 〔numb〕One of the more frequently used words in English,take, is evidence of the importance of the Scandinavian influence on English. Chiefly Danes and Norwegians, the invaders and settlers of the 8th through the 11th century contributed more than 900 words to the English language,but perhaps few so important astake. The Old Norse wordtaka was adopted as Old English tacan, the ancestor of ourtake. But Old English already had a word that paralleledtacan in sense, and that wasniman. In Middle Englishnimen, from niman, still thrived, but by the 16th century the word had all but disappeared,surviving today only asnim in the archaic sense "to steal.” However, all was not lost,for the past participle ofnimen, nomin, was used as an adjective, meaning "deprived of the power of movement, unable to move, paralyzed.”We know this word in the formnumb, from which the new verbnumb has been derived. 一个更为使用频繁的英语单词take, 是斯堪的纳维亚语对英语重要影响的证明。 侵略者和移民者，主要是丹麦和挪威人从8世纪到11世纪为英语带来了900多个单词，但是可能都没有take 一词重要。 古斯堪的纳维亚语taka 一词被古英语采用成为 tacan ， 是take 的前身。 但古英语中已知有一个词在意义上和tacan 相同， 即niman 。 中古英语中，来自niman 的 nimen 仍很盛行， 但在16世纪这个词几乎消失了，到今天nim 只是作古义表示“偷”的含义出现。 但是，不是所有意义都失去了，nimen，nomin 的过去分词，作形容词用， 指“失去了移动能力的，动不了的，麻木的”。我们以numb 的形式知道了这个词， 从中派生出新的动词numb 〔pan〕"But Dr. Brett cautioned that what sounds exciting from the Moon does not always pan out in the laboratory"(London Daily Telegraph, December 14, 1972). If Dr. Brett had been talking about hunting for gold on the moon,there would be a solid connection between his use of the expressionpan out and its original use in gold mining. Pan out, like the verb pan itself, comes from the noun pan in the sense "a shallow circular metal vessel used in washing gold from gravel.”The expressionpan out was used in a variety of senses, including "to wash gold-bearing earth in a pan"; "to obtain gold by washing ore in a miner's pan";and with reference to a mine or mineral-bearing soil, "to produce gold or minerals.”From such literal usagespan out was transferred to other situations. In Frederick Whymper'sTravel and Adventure in the Territory of Alaska, published in 1868, we are told that “‘It panned out well’ means that ‘it gave good returns.’”All these uses occurred first in American English,making the expression a true Americanism.“可是布莱特博士告诫说来自月球的听起来令人激动的消息并不总会在实验室获得成功”(伦敦每日电讯报 1972年12月14日）。 如果布莱特博士谈论的是关于在月球上寻找金子，那么，在他表达panout 这个用法和这个短语在金矿开采方面的原始用法就会有一种固定的联系。 Pan out 象动词 pan 本身一样来源于名词 pan ， 意思是“一个浅而且圆的金属器皿，用来从矿砂中淘洗金子”。pan out 的表达用在各种意思中， 包括“在淘金盘中淘洗含金的泥土”，“在矿工的淘金盘里淘洗矿砂得到金子”，并且与矿井或含矿土壤有关，“产金子或矿物”。在这样的文学用法中，pan out 被借用于其它情况。 在弗雷德里克·怀姆坡1868年出版的在阿拉斯加旅游历险 中， 我们得知"It panned at well"意思是“得到好的回报”。所有这些用法都首先出现在美国英语中，表达了一种真正的美国主义〔hunky〕Used as a disparaging term for a person, especially a laborer, from east-central Europe.对来自欧洲中部偏东的人（尤其是工人）的蔑称〔IOU〕[From the pronunciation of] I owe you [来自] I owe you 〔foreign〕The central meaning shared by these adjectives is "of, from, or characteristic of another place or part of the world": 这些形容词共有的核心意思是“外地或外国的，来自外地或外国的，有外地或外国特点的：” 〔blackamoor〕A dark-skinned person, especially a person from northern Africa.非洲黑人：尤指来自北非的黑色皮肤的人〔Gela〕A city of southern Sicily, Italy, on the Mediterranean Sea. Founded c. 688b.c. by Greek colonists from Crete and Rhodes, it reached the height of its prosperity in the fifth century b.c. The dramatist Aeschylus lived here. Population, 74,789. 格拉：意大利西西里南部一城市，位于地中海上，由来自克里特岛和罗得岛的希腊殖民者于公元前 688年建立，在 公元前 5世纪为最繁荣时期。戏剧家阿奇里斯居住于此。人口74,789 〔yip〕[of imitative origin] [来自象声词] 〔tote〕[of Bantu origin] ; akin to Kongo -tota [to pick up] ; akin to Swahili -tuta [to pile up, carry] [来自班图语] ；类似于 刚果语 -tota [拾起] ；类似于 斯瓦里希语 -tuta [排列，携带] 〔sibylline〕Coming from, characteristic of, or relating to a sibyl.女预言家的：来自女预言家的、具有其特征的或与之相关的〔Benton〕American legislator. A U.S. senator (1821-1851) and representative (1853-1855) from Missouri, he staunchly opposed the use of paper currency.本顿，托马斯·哈特：(1782-1858) 美国国会议员。来自密苏里的美国参议员（1821-1851年）和众议员（1853-1855年），坚决反对使用纸币〔zoogenic〕Originating in or produced by animals.来自动物的或由动物产生的〔biparental〕biparental inheritance.来自父母双方的遗传〔schnorrer〕from Middle High German snurren [to hum, whir (from the sound of the musical instrument played by beggars)] 源自 中古高地德语 snurren [哼哼，呼呼声（来自乞丐演奏乐器时的声音）] 〔Lane〕American politician, soldier, and abolitionist who served as a U.S. senator from Kansas (1861-1866).莱恩，詹姆斯·亨利：(1814-1866) 美国政治家、战士和废奴主义者，曾任来自堪萨斯的美国参议员(1861-1866年）〔tortuous〕Althoughtortuous and torturous both come from the Latin word torquēre, "to twist,” their primary meanings are distinct.Tortuous means "twisting" ( a tortuous road ) or by extension "complex" or "devious.” Torturous refers primarily to torture and the pain associated with it. However,torturous also can be used in the sense of "twisted" or "strained,” andtortured is an even stronger synonym: 尽管tortuous 和 torturous 都来自同一个拉丁词 torquere （“弯曲”）， 但这两个词的基本意思完全不同。Tortuous 的意思是“弯曲的”( 一条蜿蜓的道路 )或引申为“复杂”或“迂回”的意思。 Torturous 主要指折磨、痛苦以及与之相关的意思。 不过，Torturous 同样也有“扭曲的”和“受压的”意思， 而tortured 是一个意思更为强烈的同义词： 〔hillbilly〕A person from the backwoods or a remote mountain area.山里人，乡下人：来自山林或偏僻山区的人〔scion〕Also ci.on [sīʹən] A detached shoot or twig containing buds from a woody plant, used in grafting. 也作 ci.on [sīʹən] 插杆：来自树木类植物的、含有花蕾的分离嫩枝或小枝，用于嫁接〔humanoid〕"humanoids from some far-flung planet"(Robert Brustein)“来自遥远的行星的类人生物”(罗伯特·布鲁斯坦) |
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英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。