| 单词 | 极为 |
| 释义 | 〔unseemly〕Not in accord with accepted standards of good taste; grossly improper.See Synonyms at improper 不适当的：与普遍接受的良好品味之标准不符的；极为不适当的 参见 improper〔acridine〕A coal tar derivative, C13H 9N, that has a strongly irritating odor and is used in the manufacture of dyes and synthetics. 吖啶，氮蒽，夹氮蒽：一种煤焦油衍生物，C13H 9N，有极为强烈的刺激气味并可用于染料及合成物的生产 〔workmanship〕a silver tray of excellent workmanship.制作极为精巧的银盘〔No〕The classical drama of Japan, with music and dance performed in a highly stylized manner by elaborately dressed performers on an almost bare stage.能，能乐：日本古典戏剧，在几乎毫无装饰的舞台上由精心着装的表演者随着音乐和舞蹈以一种极为固定的风格表演〔gloat〕A feeling of great, often malicious, pleasure or self-satisfaction.自我满足，得意扬扬，幸灾乐祸：极为强烈的感觉，通常是带有恶意的愉悦或自我满足〔vulgar〕Offensively excessive in self-display or expenditure; ostentatious:庸俗的：自我显示或花费极为过量的；炫耀的：〔gloat〕To feel or express great, often malicious, pleasure or self-satisfaction:洋洋自得，幸灾乐祸：感觉或表达极为强烈的，通常是带有恶意的愉悦或自我满足：〔trashed〕Expressions for intoxication are among those that best showcase the creativity of slang. The boundless inventiveness in expressing the ordinary in not-so-ordinary ways led Walt Whitman to describe slang as"an attempt of common humanity to escape from bald literalism, and express itself illimitably.” Colloquial and slang expressions meaning "intoxicated" can fill several pages in slang thesauruses. Most fall into a few general groups. Common are expressions that originally meant "damaged, badly affected by something,” such as trashed, smashed, crocked, blitzed, hammered, wasted, messed up, and blasted. Cooking terms are also common, such as baked, fried, and boiled (said to have been coined at Princeton University in the 1920s). Terms relating to liquids or being filled are a natural source of metaphors for filling oneself up with drink or drugs: sloshed, oiled, tanked, and loaded are but a few. Some terms are not easily classified or have origins that are not fully clear, such as tight (first appearing in the 1830s), plastered (first appearing around 1912), blotto (perhaps from blot, first appearing in 1917), and stoned (apparently taken from such expressions as stone-drunk, stone-cold, and first appearing as stone in 1945). Most current terms for "intoxicated" are not very old, as one expects of slang terms generally; of those in the lists above, blotto, crocked, fried, loaded, plastered, tanked, tight, and oiled are recorded in the first half of the 20th century, and of these only tight and oiled are known to have existed before then. 表示喝醉的词语充分体现了俚语的创造性。用非同寻常的方式创造极为寻常的俚语，其间蕴藏了无限创造空间，华尔特·惠特曼将俚语描述为“让平常心从文字束缚中逃离，并随性表达出来” 。表示“喝醉的，酒醉的”的口语以及俚语的表达方式，可以填满俚语同义词的数页空间。大多数俚语可归入几个分类。许多常见俚语的原意为“被破坏的，受某物负面影响”，如 trashed、smashed、crocked、blitzed、hammered、wasted、messed up 以及 blasted 。烹饪词汇也很普遍，如 baked、fried 和 boiled （据说由普林斯顿大学于20世纪20年代创造）。与液体或注入有关的词语是隐喻表示过多饮酒或吸毒而形成的自然来源： sloshed、oiled、tanked 和 loaded 只是其中少数例子。有些词语不易界定其类别或其原意较不清楚，如 tight （首次出现于19世纪30年代）、 plastered （首次出现于1912年）、 blotto （可能源自 blot ，首次出现于1917年）以及 stoned （显然来自词语 stone-drunk和stone-cold ，并于1945年首次以 stone 的形式出现）。正如大家对俚语的普遍看法，大多数表示“喝醉的，酒醉的”的现行词语都较新；在如上所列词汇中， blotto、crocked、fried、loaded、plastered、tanked、tight 和 oiled 首次见载于19世纪中叶，只有 tight 和 oiled 是所知早于那个时期 〔unstable〕Highly or violently reactive.化学性质极为活泼的〔primo〕Highly or most valuable.极为或最为宝贵的〔yonder〕The adverbyonder, from Old English geond, is not exclusively Southern but is more frequently used there than in any other region of the United States,and not only by older or uneducated speakers.Yonder is not merely a Southern synonym for there, which in the South tends to mean "only a few feet from the speaker.”Yonder carries with it an inherent sense of distance farther than "there" and is used if the person or thing indicated can be seen at all: the shed over yonder. Or it might be nearby but completely out of sight, as in the next room.副词yonder ，来自古英语的 geond， 并不是南方专用的，但是比美国任何其它地区都更常用，而且也不仅仅是老人或未受教育者才用它。在南方yonder 并不仅仅是 there 的同义词， 它还表示“距说话者仅几英尺开外”。Yonder 带有比"there"距离更远这一内在的含义， 并用于表示所示的人或事在视线以内： 那边的窝棚 ，或者极为相近但完全在视线以外，如在另一个房间内〔pebble〕To impart an irregularly rough, grainy surface to (leather or paper).弄粗糙，印卵石花纹：给（皮革或纸张）以极为粗糙和粒状表面〔bayside〕Situated very close to or on the shore of a bay:湾边：坐落在极为靠近海湾沿岸或在海湾岸上的地方：〔Cimmerian〕Very dark or gloomy.幽暗的：极为黑暗的或阴森森的〔need〕The family is in dire need.这个家庭极为贫困〔ecstasy〕"Oliver would sit . . . listening to the sweet music, in a perfect rapture" (Charles Dickens).“奥列佛坐着倾听那甜美的音乐，心情极为欢喜” （查尔斯·狄更斯）。〔apposite〕Strikingly appropriate and relevant.See Synonyms at relevant 适当的，恰当的：极为贴切合适的 参见 relevant〔brocatel〕A heavy fabric with highly raised designs.凸花厚缎：带极为凸出的花纹的厚织物〔rent〕When young people talk about theirrents, that is, their parents, they are using a slang term that is of interest to language historians, if not necessarily thrilling for parents themselves. The term is a prime example of one of the fundamental characteristics of slang, which continually creates novel ways of expressing what are often rather ordinary things (if parents may be considered ordinary things). Slang has recently produced two expressions for "parents" that have gained wide currency— rents and parental units. Both expressions demonstrate slang's use of unusual or creative linguistic means to achieve novelty of expression. While there are many slang terms, such as bod for body or rad for radical, that result from the clipping of unstressed syllables, rents is a clipping that drops a stressed syllable, much like the similar term za, "pizza.” The desire to coin new ways of referring to things also leads speakers of slang to use circumlocutions like knuckle sandwich for "punch.” Parental units falls into this category. It plays on the jargon of bureaucrats and social science, in which the world is viewed as so much data waiting to be quantified. The appearance of terms such as rents and parental units also shows that all available styles and levels of language can be grist for slang's mill—so long as the material is perceived as irreverent, funny, or just plain cool. 年轻人谈论他们的rents （即父母）时，即使肯定不会令他们的父母感到兴奋，他们却使用了一个令语言历史学家很感兴趣的俚语。Rents是俚语一个基本特色的典范，这一基本特色就是不断创造新颖词汇来表示通常极为普通的事物（如果父母会被认为是普通事物的话）。最近俚语中产生了两个"父（母）亲"的词语并被普遍使用── rents 和 parental units 。这两个词语表明俚语用不同寻常的或创造性的语言工具来获取表达上的新颖。虽然因省略非重读音节产生了许多俚语词汇，如用 bod 指body、用 rad 指radical，但 rents 却是省略重读音节后的部分，非常类似相近词汇 za "pizza（比萨饼）"。期望创造指代事物的新词也使得满口俚语的人运用赘语，如用 knuckle sandwich 指"punch（用拳击）"。 Parental units 也属于赘语的范围。它用作官僚主义者的行话以及科学术语，因为对于官僚主义者和科学工作者来讲世界就是等待量化的大量数据。诸如 rents 和 parental units 这些俚语的出现也表明语言现有的全部风格和水平都是俚语的有益补充──只要认为内容是不敬的、有趣的或者纯粹扮酷的 〔perdurable〕Extremely durable; permanent.永久的：极为耐久的；持久的〔intimate〕Very personal; private:个人的，私人的：极为有关私人的；私人的：〔bigot〕One who is strongly partial to one's own group, religion, race, or politics and is intolerant of those who differ.抱偏见的人：对自己的团体、宗教、种族或政治极为偏袒并对在这些方面持不同见解者无法忍受的人〔break〕To disappoint or dispirit severely.极为失望或沮丧〔hallowed〕our hallowed war heroes.我们极为尊敬的战斗英雄〔blackstrap〕A dark, very thick molasses, especially a residual product of sugar refining that is used in the manufacture of industrial alcohol and as an ingredient in cattle feed.赤糖糊：黑色且极为粘稠的糖蜜，尤指经提炼的糖的残留物。用于工业酒精的生产和猫食中的一种成份〔praiseworthy〕Meriting praise; highly commendable.值得赞扬的；极为值得赞美的〔outrageous〕 Atrocious means extremely wicked or cruel: Atrocious 指极为邪恶或凶残： 〔fierce〕Extremely severe or violent; terrible:可怕的：极其可怕的或极为猛烈的；可怕的：〔close〕Strictly speaking,the phraseclose proximity says nothing that is not said by proximity itself. Like other common redundancies, however (old adage, mental telepathy ), this usage is too widespread and too innocuous to be worth objecting to.See Usage Note at redundancy 严格地说，close proximity 短语一点不表示 proximity 本身的意思。 但正如其它的冗长词，（old adage, mental telepathy ）， 这种用法极为普遍且无关痛痒，不值得提出反对 参见 redundancy〔chamois〕An extremely agile goat antelope(Rupicapra rupicapra) of mountainous regions of Europe, having upright horns with backward-hooked tips. 岩羚羊：一种欧洲山区活动极为敏捷的小羚羊（岩羚羊） ，有顶端向后弯的直立角 〔sarcastic〕"a deserved reputation for sarcastic, acerbic and uninhibited polemics" (Burke Marshall).“他的臭名应该得到极为讽刺的、尖酸的和无限制的攻击” （伯克·马歇尔）。〔gibberish〕Highly technical or esoteric language.极为专业的或深奥的语言〔supernova〕A rare celestial phenomenon involving the explosion of most of the material in a star, resulting in an extremely bright, short-lived object that emits vast amounts of energy.超新星：一种罕见的天文现象，表现为一恒星中的绝大部分物质爆炸后，产生能放射极大能量的极为明亮而存在时间极短的物体〔astound〕To astonish and bewilder.See Synonyms at surprise 震惊：极为惊讶和迷惑不解 参见 surprise〔stob〕The Southern wordstob means a short, straight stick of wood: "Jim Rozier's skill with a piece of iron and a hardwood stob sets up a vibration in the earth that Sopchoppy worms find extremely disagreeable" (Charles Kuralt).Related tostub and stubby, stob is one of numerous Indo-European cognates, for example, Greekstupos, meaning "stump (of a tree or branch).” In Middle Englishstob seems to have been a variant spelling of stub, with one of its meanings being "the amputated stump of a human limb.”However, the word has chiefly denoted a short piece of wood,such as "a small post or stake or stump of a shrub, [and is] commonly so used in many, if not all, parts of the [American] South"(Charles F. Smith).南方语言stob 指一段短而直的树枝： 吉姆·罗泽尔的铁条或硬木树枝技术使大地呈现一片繁荣，苏普乔皮虫感到极为不快” （查尔斯·库拉尔特）。许多印欧语系同源词与stub 和 stubby，stob 有关， 例如，希腊语stupos 指 “（树或树枝的）树桩”。 在中古英语中，stob 看起来是 stub 的另一种拼法， 并有“人类肢体切断的残余”的意思。但是，这个词主要指一短块树木，如一小段桩子或柱子或树枝的残存部分，广泛用于［美国］南部大部分地区，如果不是全部地区的话”（查尔斯·F·史密斯）〔Ruritanian〕Of, relating to, or having the characteristics of a mythical place of high, typically comic-opera romance:鲁里坦尼亚王国的：极为喜剧浪漫的国度的，浪漫国的：〔pose〕To affect a particular mental attitude.装腔作势：摆出极为特别的态度〔flutter〕Everyone was in a flutter over the news that the director was resigning.局长辞职的消息使每个人都极为不安〔potassium〕A soft, silver-white, highly or explosively reactive metallic element that occurs in nature only in compounds. It is obtained by electrolysis of its common hydroxide and found in, or converted to, a wide variety of salts used especially in fertilizers and soaps. Atomic number 19; atomic weight 39.102; melting point 63.65°C; boiling point 774°C; specific gravity 0.862; valence 1. See table at element 钾：只以化合物形式存在的柔软的，银白色的，极为活泼的金属元素。这种元素通过将其常见的氢氧化物进行电解而得到，存在于或转化成各种各样的盐，这些盐尤用于制造化肥及肥皂。原子序数为19；原子量39.102；熔点63.65°C；沸点774°C；比重为0.862；原子价为1 参见 element〔hypermnesia〕Exceptionally exact or vivid memory, especially as associated with certain mental illnesses.记忆过强：极为确切的或生动的回忆，尤其是与某些精神病症有关联的时候 |
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