| 单词 | 果断 |
| 释义 | 〔intrapreneur〕A person within a large corporation who takes direct responsibility for turning an idea into a profitable finished product through assertive risk-taking and innovation.企业要人、企业家：对通过果断地承担风险和革新，使想法变为有利可图的成品，这一过程承担直接责任的大公司里的高级成员〔womanfully〕With the characteristic grace, strength, or purposefulness of a woman:女性地，女人地：具有妇女的特有的风度、活力或果断地：〔resolution〕The state or quality of being resolute; firm determination.果断，决意：态度坚决的状态或品质；坚定的决心〔confute〕To prove to be wrong or in error; refute decisively.驳倒：证明…是错误的或是谬误；果断地驳斥〔intrapreneur〕The wordentrepreneur is more than 150 years old, having come into English from French in 1828.But it is not until very recently that we find its intracorporate counterpart,intrapreneur, meaning "a person within a large corporation who takes direct responsibility for turning an idea into a profitable finished product through assertive risk-taking and innovation.”This coinage is generally attributed to management consultant Gifford Pinchot,author of the 1985 book entitledIntrapreneuring; others insist its true originator was Norman Macrae, deputy editor of theEconomist, although Macrae himself denies it.Still, whatever its exact source,in the scant number of years since its inception the termintrapreneur has gained currency very quickly. It has also given rise to various derivatives,such as the aforementioned gerundintrapreneuring, the noun intrapreneurship (as in a September 30, 1985, interview with Stephen Jobs inNewsweek : "The Macintosh team was what is commonly known as intrapreneurship—only a few years before the term was coined—a group of people going in essence back to the garage, but in a large company"),the adjectiveintrapreneurial, and another noun, intrapreneurialism ("what has become known as intrapreneurialism, where people within the corporation acquire more adventurous small business outlooks,” by Ian Hamilton-Fazy in "An Uneasy Co-existence,”Financial Times, October 23, 1984). Broad use of a word and the development of numerous derivatives are strong signals predicting staying power within the language.Intrapreneur and its spinoffs are of particular interest to etymologists and lexicographers because they illustrate the constant changes inherent in a living language.entrepreneur 一词已有150多年的历史， 于1828年从法语传入英语。但是直到最近我们才发现其在公司内部的对应人物intrapreneur ， 意为“对通过果断地承担风险和革新使想法变为有利可图的成品这一过程承担直接责任的大公司里的高级成员”。这个新造的词普遍认为应归功于业务顾问吉福德·平肖，1985年出版的名为Intrapreneuring 一书的作者； 其他人坚持其真正的发明者是经济学家 杂志的副编辑诺曼·麦克里， 虽然麦克里本人否认这一点。然而，不管其准确的起源是什么，自它开始出现以来的短短几年中，intrapreneur 一词已很快流行开来。 它同样产生了多个衍生词，例如前面提到的动名词intrapreneuring ，名词 intrapreneurship （例如新闻周刊 于1985年9月30日斯蒂芬·乔布斯的采访中： “马金托什队通常地以出色的企业运作而闻名——仅仅是这个词条被发明的几年前——一群实质上是回到汽车房的人，而现在不过是大公司的汽车房罢了”），形容词intraprenurial 以及另一个名词 intrapreneurialim （以企业运作主义出名的地方，在那儿公司内部的职员获得更为冒险的商业前景”，伊恩·汉密尔顿一费茨的“不稳定的共存”，金融时报 1984年10月23日出版）。 一个词的广泛运用以及无数派生词的产生是预示语言内部持久力的强烈的信号。词源学家以及词典编纂者对intrpreneur 以及它的派生词产生了独特的兴趣， 因为它们说明现用语言所固有的持续不断的变化〔wonted〕striding along with her wonted purposefulness.带着她惯有的果断大踏步地走下去〔flex〕“‘Resolution’ has none of that modern flex we favor, with generous, built-in amounts of ‘maybe’”(Melvin Maddocks)“‘果断’没有我们所推崇的现代弹性的意味，即说一大堆暗含‘也许’的话”(梅尔文·马多克斯)〔dishearten〕To shake or destroy the courage or resolution of; dispirit.See Synonyms at discourage 使沮丧，使灰心：动摇或失去勇气或果断；使灰心 参见 discourage〔manful〕Having or showing the bravery and resoluteness considered characteristic of a man.See Synonyms at male 大丈夫气概的：具有或表现出被认为具有男人勇敢和果断特点的 参见 male〔slow〕Lacking in promptness or willingness; not precipitate:不急促的，和缓的：缺少果断或乐意的；不仓促的：〔dismay〕To destroy the courage or resolution of by exciting dread or apprehension.使惊恐；使丧气：因有刺激的恐惧或担忧而失去勇气或果断〔decision〕Firmness of character or action; determination.果断，决断：性格或行动的坚定；坚决〔confidence〕"The most vital quality a soldier can possess is self-confidence, utter, complete and bumptious" (George S. Patton). “一个士兵所拥有的最重要的品格是自信、果断、彻底和骄傲” （乔治·S·巴顿）。〔face〕To attain mastery over or overcome by confronting in a resolute, determined manner:用目光压倒，降伏，威镇：通过坚定果断地面对而获得征服或克服：〔dexterous〕"This study [of law] renders men acute, inquisitive, dexterous, prompt in attack, ready in defense, full of resources" (Edmund Burke).“这项 研究指出男人敏锐，机警，进攻果断，随时准备防御、充满机智” （埃德蒙·柏克）。 |
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