| 单词 | 柏拉图 |
| 释义 | 〔Aristotle〕Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry.亚里士多德：希腊哲学家。柏拉图的学生，亚历山大大帝的教师，他的著述论及逻辑学，形而上学，伦理学，自然科学，政治学和诗学，对西方思想产生了深远影响，在其哲学体系里，理论服从实地观察和逻辑，以三段论为基础，基本上是理性研究的理论方法〔Platonic〕Plato did not invent the term or the concept that bears his name,but he did see sexual desire as the germ for higher loves.Marsilio Ficino, a Renaissance follower of Plato,used the termsamor socraticus and amor platonicus interchangeably for a love between two human beings that was preparatory for the love of God. From Ficino's usagePlatonic (already present in English as an adjective to describe what related to Platoand first recorded in 1533) came to be used for a spiritual love between persons of opposite sexes.In our own centuryPlatonic has been used of relationships between members of the same sex. Though the concept is an elevated one,the term has perhaps more often been applied in waysthat led Samuel Richardson to have one of his characters inPamela say, "I am convinced, and always was, that Platonic love is Platonic nonsense.”柏拉图并没有发明带有他名字的术语或概念，但他的确将性欲看作更高层次爱的根源。文艺复兴时期柏拉图的信徒马尔西利奥·菲奇诺，交替地使用术语amor socraticus 和 amor platonicus 表示为上帝之爱准备的两个人之间的爱。 按照菲奇诺的用法Platonic （已作为一个形容词在英语中出现， 描述与柏拉图有关的事物，首次记录于1533年）逐渐被用来指异性之间的精神恋爱。在我们这个世纪,Platonic 已用于指同性伙伴之间的关系。 尽管这个词的概念是高尚的，但这个术语可能被更多地应用于一些方式，其导致塞缪尔·理查森让他的小说帕美勒 中的人物说： “我确信，而且一直确信，柏拉图式的恋爱是柏拉图的胡言乱语”〔Proclus〕Greek philosopher and the last major Neo-Platonic teacher. He maintained that reality is fundamentally mental rather than material.普罗克洛斯：希腊哲学家，最后一个重要的新柏拉图主义的导师，他认为现实从基础上说是精神的而非物质的〔politics〕Politics has been a concern of philosophers since Plato. 从柏拉图起，政治就是哲学家们感兴趣的问题。 〔Atlantis〕A legendary island in the Atlantic Ocean west of Gibraltar, said by Plato to have sunk beneath the sea during an earthquake.亚特兰蒂斯：大西洋中一传说岛屿，位于直布罗陀西部，柏拉图声称在一场地震中沉入海底〔Platonic〕Often platonic Transcending physical desire and tending toward the purely spiritual or ideal: 常作 platonic 柏拉图式恋爱的，纯精神的：超越肉体欲望而趋向于纯精神的或理想的：〔academy〕Latin Acadēmīa [the school where Plato taught] 拉丁语 Acadēmīa [柏拉图执教的学校] 〔demiurge〕Demiurge A Platonic deity who orders or fashions the material world out of chaos. Demiurge 造物主：柏拉图哲学中将物质世界从混沌中创造出来的神〔Platonism〕The philosophy of Plato, especially insofar as it asserts ideal forms as an absolute and eternal reality of which the phenomena of the world are an imperfect and transitory reflection.柏拉图哲学：柏拉图的哲学，尤指宣称理念形式是绝对的和永恒的实在，而世界中实在的现象却是不完美的和暂时的反映〔Manichaeism〕The syncretic, dualistic religious philosophy taught by the Persian prophet Manes, combining elements of Zoroastrian, Christian, and Gnostic thought and opposed by the imperial Roman government, Neo-Platonist philosophers, and orthodox Christians.摩尼教：波斯预言家摩尼所宣扬的一种调和信仰的，二元论的宗教哲学，它综合了拜火教、基督教和诺斯替教的成份，反对罗马帝国政权、新柏拉图哲学家和传统基督教〔Hypatia〕Neo-Platonist philosopher, mathematician, and astronomer who lived and taught in Alexandria. Her prominence and adherence to pagan scholasticism led to her being murdered by a Christian mob.海帕希亚：在亚历山大居住及教学的新柏拉图派哲学家、数学家、及天文学家。她对异教经院哲学的卓越成就及信奉使她遭基督教暴民谋杀〔Socrates〕Greek philosopher who initiated a question-and-answer method of teaching as a means of achieving self-knowledge. His theories of virtue and justice have survived through the writings of Plato, his most important pupil. Socrates was tried for corrupting the minds of Athenian youth and subsequently put to death (399).苏格拉底：希腊哲学家，首创了问答工教学方法，作为获得认识自我的一种方法。他关于道德和正义的理论，通过柏拉图（他最著名的学生）的著作而得以流传下来。苏格拉底因被指控毒害雅典年轻人的头脑而受到审判，并因此被处死（公元前339年）〔ideal〕Existing as an archetype or pattern, especially as a Platonic idea or perception.观念的，理念的：以原型或固定形式出现的，特指柏拉图哲学中的观点或概念〔Platonic〕Platonic dialogues; Platonic ontology.柏拉图对话；柏拉图的本体论〔attribute〕"Some excellent remarks were made on immortality, but mainly borrowed from and credited to Plato" (Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.). “一些优秀的言论是不朽的，但主要从柏拉图处借用并归功于他” （奥立佛·温德尔·霍姆斯爵士）。〔Boethius〕Roman philosopher. Falsely accused of treason, he wroteThe Consolation of Philosophy, an account of classical thought, while awaiting his execution. 波伊提乌，阿尼修斯·马尼利乌斯·塞维里努斯：() 罗马哲学家，被误判判国罪处死。在狱中写成以柏拉图思想为理论依据的名著《哲学的慰藉》 〔idea〕In the philosophy of Plato, an archetype of which a corresponding being in phenomenal reality is an imperfect replica.理念：柏拉图哲学中的一种原型，它在现实物质世界中有一个并不完美的复制品〔Malebranche〕French philosopher who sought to reconcile the metaphysics of Descartes with Neo-Platonism and the philosophy of Saint Augustine.马勒伯朗士，尼古拉斯·德：(1638-1715) 法国哲学家，试图把笛卡尔学说的形而上学与新柏拉图主义及圣奥斯汀的哲学思想综合起来〔Platonic〕Often Pla.ton.i.cal [-ĭ-kəl] Of, relating to, or characteristic of Plato or his philosophy: 常作 Pla.ton.i.cal [-ĭ-kəl] 柏拉图的：属于、关于或代表柏拉图或他的哲学的：〔Erigena〕Irish-born theologian and philosopher who sought to reconcile Neo-Platonism and Christian belief in his principal work,On the Division of Nature (862-866). 埃里金纳，约翰·斯科图斯：(810?-877?) 出生于爱尔兰的神学家与哲学家，曾试图在他的主要著作《论自然的区分》 （862-866年）中使新柏拉图主义与基督教信仰相结合 〔Jowett〕British classical scholar known for his translations of Plato and Aristotle.周伊特，本杰明：(1817-1893) 英国古典学者，以翻译柏拉图和亚里士多德的作品著名〔Plotinus〕Egyptian-born Roman philosopher who founded Neo-Platonism. His writings are collected inThe Enneads. 柏罗丁：埃及裔古罗马哲学家，创建了新柏拉图主义，他的著作被收于《九章集》 中 〔Plato〕Greek philosopher. A follower of Socrates, he founded the Academy (386), where he taught and wrote for much of the rest of his life. Plato presented his ideas in the form of dramatic dialogues, as inThe Republic. 柏拉图：希腊哲学家，苏格拉底的信徒，他创办了学园（公元前386年），在这里他教书写作度过他余生的大部分时间柏拉图以戏剧对话的形式表述了他的思想，如在《理想国》 中 〔nous〕In Neo-Platonism, the image of the absolute good, containing the cosmos of intelligible beings.奴斯：在新柏拉图主义中，作为绝好的形象，包括易领悟的生物宇宙〔phantasm〕In Platonic philosophy, objective reality as perceived and distorted by the five senses.幻觉，错觉：柏拉图哲学思想中，被第五感觉察觉并歪曲的客观事实〔academy〕Plato's school for advanced education.学园：柏拉图创建的高等教育学校〔timocracy〕A state described by Plato as being governed on principles of honor and military glory.荣誉至上政治：一种柏拉图提出的由荣誉和军事荣誉为原则进行统治的国家 |
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