| 单词 | 样式 |
| 释义 | 〔costume〕A prevalent fashion of dress, including garments, accessories, and hairstyle.服饰：一种流行的穿着样式，包括衣服、装饰和发型〔go〕a new style that didn't go over.不受欢迎的新样式〔mod〕An unconventionally modern style of fashionable dress originating in England in the 1960's.摩登派：于20世纪60年代始于英国的一种非传统的现代样式的时髦服装〔packaging〕The act, process, industry, art, or style of packing.包装，打包：包装的动作过程、工业、艺术或样式〔mode〕The current or customary fashion or style.See Synonyms at fashion 时尚，风尚：流行的或通常的样式或形式 参见 fashion〔distress〕"There are the fakes—new rugs which have been intentionally distressed for an older look"(Hatfield MA Valley Advocate)“仿造古毛毯——新地毯故意编织成老旧的样式”(哈特菲尔德MA谷辩护律师)〔figured〕Shaped or fashioned in a particular way.有形状的：由特别形状或样式塑造或形成的〔order〕Of a kind or fashion similar to; like:相象：在种类或样式上与…相似；象：〔contrive〕Latin tropus [turn, manner, style] from Greek tropos * see trep- 拉丁语 tropus [改动，方式，样式] 源自 希腊语 tropos * 参见 trep- 〔fit〕The manner in which clothing fits:合身：衣服合身的样式：〔coordinate〕coordinates A set of articles, as of clothing or luggage, designed to match or complement one other, as in style or color. coordinates 对等：（如在样式或颜色上）设计成相称或相配的一套物件，如衣服或行李〔reading〕an unusual reading of the old manuscript.这份陈旧手稿的非同寻常的样式〔obsolete〕Outmoded in design, style, or construction:过时的：在设计、样式或构造上已陈旧过时的：〔chaste〕Pure or simple in design or style; austere.朴实的：样式或风格上朴实简单的；质朴的〔formation〕The manner or style in which something is formed; structure:结构：事物形成的样式；结构：〔dress〕To wear clothes of a certain kind or style:装扮：穿上某种样式的衣服：〔twill〕To weave (cloth) so as to produce a pattern of diagonal parallel ribs.把…织成斜纹：把（布）织成斜的平行罗纹的样式〔model〕A style or design of an item:型号，机型：项目的样式或设计：〔coupon〕A Roman might have had difficulty predicting what would become of the Latin wordcolaphus, which meant "a blow with the fist.” In Old French, a language that developed from Latin,Late Latincolpus, from Latin colaphus, became colp, or modern French coup, with the same sense. Coup has had a rich development in French, gaining numerous senses, participating in numerous phrases,such ascoup d'état (a term that we have borrowed), and giving rise to many derivatives, includingcouper, "to cut; literally, to divide with a blow or stroke.” Couper yielded the word coupon, "a portion that is cut off,” which came to refer to a certificate that was detachable from a principal certificate.The detachable certificate could be exchanged for interest or dividend payments by the holder of the principal certificate.Coupon is first recorded in English in 1822 with this sense and then came to apply to forms or tickets, detachable or otherwise,that could be exchanged for various benefits or used to request information.罗马人大概很难想象拉丁词colaphus 意为“拳头的一击”所发生的变化。 在由拉丁文发展而来的古法语中，由拉丁词colaphus 转变为后期拉丁文中的 colpus ，变为了 colp 或现代法语中的 coup ，意思未变。 Coup 在法语中变化发展很多， 具有了许多意思，组成了许多短语，如coup d'ètat （英语中已借用的单词），并生成许多派生词， 包括couper “切；字面上的意思是用一击或一打使分开。” Couper 又产生了 coupon 一词，意思是“切掉的一部分”， 并且还用来指可从主要证书中分开的票证。这个可分票证可以由主证书的持有者为得利息或分期付款进行交换。Coupon 有这个意思的最早记录是在1882年， 然后被用来指格式或门票，可分离的或其他样式，它可以用来交换不同的利益或用来获取信息〔figure〕A design or pattern, as in a textile:设计，样式：如织物上的图样或图案：〔pair〕Two corresponding persons or items, similar in form or function and matched or associated:一对：相对应的两人或物，在样式或功能上相似并相配或相联系：〔costume〕from Italian [style, dress] 源自 意大利语 [样式，服装] 〔garb〕A distinctive style or form of clothing; dress:服装：服装的有特色的款式或样式；衣服：〔geometricize〕To design or form in geometric patterns or figures.以几何样式或图形设计或形成〔mod〕In or characteristic of this unconventionally modern style.摩登的：穿这种非传统的现代样式的，或以这种非传统的现代式样为特征的〔trapeze〕An article of women's clothing, such as a jacket, dress, or coat, that is cut so as to hang down from the shoulders and swing out and away around the hips and legs.梯形宽松衣：一种妇性服装，比如夹衣、裙子或外衣，被裁剪成直接从肩部垂下来的样式，并沿着臀部和腿部摆来摆去〔bloomer〕Girls' underpants of similar design.女孩子们类似样式的内衣裤〔choice〕a wide choice of styles and colors.许多可供选择的样式和颜色〔retro〕A fashion, decor, design, or style reminiscent of things past.怀旧的：对已过去的样式、陈设、设计或风格的回忆〔cast〕a suit of stylish cast.一套样式讲究的西服〔copy〕To follow as a model or pattern; imitate.See Synonyms at imitate 模仿：仿造…的样式或图案；模仿 参见 imitate〔genre〕A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, marked by a distinctive style, form, or content:体裁，样式：以鲜明的风格、形式或内容为标志的艺术作品的一个流派，如在音乐或文学中：〔downscale〕mass-produced downscale versions of high-priced fashions.按高价服装的样式大量生产的适于低收入消费者的服装〔Chippendale〕Of or relating to an 18th-century English style of furniture characterized by flowing lines and often rococo ornamentation.奇彭代尔式的：一种18世纪英国特征为优美的外廓并常有华丽的装饰家具样式或与之相关的〔moderne〕Striving to be modern in appearance or style but lacking taste or refinement; pretentious.做作地追求现代的：力求具有现代样式或外观但不雅观或缺少品味的；自命不凡的〔hairstyle〕The design of a coiffure.发型：头发的样式〔paradigm〕An example that serves as pattern or model.范例，样式：作为样本或模式的例子〔unique〕Over the course of the centuryunique has become the paradigmatic example of the class of terms that do not allow comparison or modification by an adverb of degree such as very, somewhat, or quite. Thus, most grammarians believe that it is incorrect to say that something isvery unique or more unique than something else, though phrases such asnearly unique and almost unique are acceptable. In the most recent survey the sentenceHer designs are quite unique in today's fashion scene was unacceptable to 80 percent of the Usage Panel. · Critical objections to the comparison and degree modification of absolute terms date to the 18th centuryand have been applied to a wide group of adjectives includingequal, fatal, omnipotent, parallel, perfect, and unanimous. According to the standard argument, such words denote properties that a thing either does or does not have but cannot have to a qualifiable degree.Thus ifunique is properly used to mean "without equal or equivalent,” something either is unique or it isn't, and phrases such asvery unique and more unique can only betray a weakening of the sense to mean something like "unusual" or "distinctive.” It is true that comparison and modification ofunique are often associated with the style favored by copywriters, as in the advertisement announcing thatOmaha's most unique restaurant is now even more unique or in the claim that a new automobile is So unique, it's patented. But modification ofunique is also found in the work of reputable writers, where it may lack any connotations of hyperbole.A painting is described asthe most unique of Beckman's self-portraits, and a travel writer states thatChicago is no less unique an American city than New York or San Francisco. The relative acceptability of these usages reflects the semantic subtlety ofunique itself. If we were to useunique only according to the strictest criteria of logic, after all, we might freely apply the term to anything in the worldsince nothing is wholly equivalent to anything else.Clearly, then, when we say that a restaurant or painting is unique,we mean that it is worthy of inclusion in a class by itself according to certain implicit but generally accepted criteria.Thus a legitimately unique painting might be one that realizes an unparalleled aesthetic vision,but not one that is rendered only in pigments whose names begin with the lettero; and a legitimately unique restaurant might be one that serves 18th-century French cuisine according to the original recipes,not one that has been installed in a converted sardine cannery.Given this understanding, it is not inherently impossible to think of uniqueness as a matter of degree,in the sense that one painting or restaurant may be more or less worthy of inclusion in a class by itself than some other. ·What is troubling about the copywriters' use ofunique is not that the word has become a synonym for unusual. Rather, it is the copywriters who are using the word in conformity with strict logic.Uniqueness is claimed for a restaurant in virtue of some trivial properties of its decor or menu,or for a resort hotel that simply happens to have a singularly picturesque view of the bay.Though it may be true that such properties render these thingslogically unique, they do not constitute legitimate grounds for putting the things into a class by themselves according to the criteria ordinarily invoked when things are sorted into classes.In fact, the abuse ofunique can be cloying even when no modification or comparison is involved; when we read an advertisement for a line of sportswear that featuresa unique selection of colors, we may suspect that the distinctive properties of the color selection are not so remarkable as the advertiser would have us believe. But it is not surprising that these uses ofunique should lend themselves to promiscuous modification and comparison; for once it is granted that uniqueness can be claimed for any product or service that is somehow distinctive from all its competitors,it is inevitable that an increase in uniqueness will be seen in every minor innovation.See Usage Note at equal ,infinite ,parallel ,perfect 在本世纪整个过程中unique 已成为不能由程度副词，例 very、somewhat 或 quite， 比较或修饰的一类术语的例证。 因此，多数语法学家认为说某事是very unique 或 more unique than 是不正确的， 虽然短语例如nearly unique 和 almost unique 是可接受的。 在最近的调查中，句子Her designs are quite unique in today's fashion scene （她的设计在现今流行样式的场面中是很独特的） 对用法专题使用小组的百分之八十成员是不可接受的。 对纯粹术语的比较和程度修饰的主要异议可追述到18世纪，并已广泛用到许多形容词中，包括equal, fatal, omnipotent, parallel, perfect 和 unanimous。 根据标准论据，这些单词表示一事有或没有但不能有可修饰的程度的性质。于是如果unique 适当地用于表示“没有相等或相当的”，则某事是唯一的或不是唯一的， 而短语像very unique 和 more unique 仅能表露出说明某事像“不寻常的”或“独特的”的意义的减弱。 的确，unique 的比较和修饰常与撰稿人喜欢的文体相联系， 如在广告中称Omaha's most unique restaurant is now even more unique（奥马哈城的最独特的餐馆现在甚至是更加独特） 或声称新汽车是 So unique, it's patented（如此独特，它取得了专利权）。 但是unique 的修饰也在著名作家的作品中发现， 那里可能缺乏夸张法的任何涵义。描述一张油画为the most unique of Beckman's self-portraits（最独特的贝克曼的自画像）， 一位旅游作家叙述Chicago is no less unique an American city than New York or San Francisco（芝加哥比纽约或旧金山是不逊独特的美国城市）。 这些用法的相对可接受性反映unique 自身语义的巧妙。 如果我们仅按照逻辑的严格标准使用unique ， 则我们终于会自由地把此术语使用于世界上的任何事，因为没有完全等同于另一事的事。于是，显然当我们说餐馆或油画是独特的时，我们意味着根据某种隐含的但可普遍接受的判据它是值得包含在一个等级内的。于是合理独特的油画可能是实现空前未有的审美型的，而不是仅给予名字以字母O开始的颜料； 合理独特的餐馆可能根据原来的食谱提供18世纪法国菜肴的餐馆，而不是配备转换的沙丁鱼罐头食品的餐馆。按这样了解，将独特性视为程度问题不是本来就不可能的，在这个意义上一张油画或一个餐馆或多或少可能是极好的有价值的内涵物而不是其他。关于撰稿人使用unique 的困惑不是此单词已成为 unusual 的同义词。 相反地，正是撰稿人使用此单词与严密的逻辑相一致。对餐馆声称独特性是由于它的布置或菜单的某些不重要的性质，或者对于人们常去的旅馆仅因为有海湾的独一无二地别致的景象。虽然这样的性质使得这些事logically 独特的可能是真实的， 但是当事情进行了分类，根据平常实行的判据把这些事情自身放到一类，他们不组成正常的基础。事实上unique 的滥用会使人发腻，即使在没有涉及修饰或比较的时候； 当我们读运动服装的unique selection of colors（颜色的独特选择） 的一行广告时， 我们会怀疑颜色选择的独特性质并非广告商希望我们所认为的那么明显。但不必惊讶于unique 的这些用法应当适用于杂乱的修饰和比较； 就这一次可以承认，独特性能用来指任何产品或服务，它们与所有的竞争者相比较有某种程度的特色，在每一小的创新中可以看到独特性的增加是必然会发生的 参见 equal,infinite,parallel,perfect〔goatee〕When assessing American contributions to the English language and to fashion,let us not forget thegoatee. Early comments on this style of beard appear first in American writings,making this word an Americanism.Although the style raises few eyebrows now,the early comments were not favorable:"One chap's . . . rigged out like a show monkey, with a little tag of hair hangin down under his chin jest like our old billy goat, that's a leetle too smart for this latitude, I think.”This 1842 description, found in William Tappan Thompson'sMajor Jones's Courtship, also reveals the etymology of the word.The first actual recorded occurrence of the word, found in Daniel Lee and Joseph H. Frost'sTen Years in Oregon, published in 1844,also sounds disapproving:"A few individuals . . . leave what is called, by some of their politer neighbors, a ‘goaty’ under the chin.”当评价美国人对英语和其习惯的影响时，让我们不要忘记goatee 这个词。 关于这种样式胡子的早期评论出现于美国作品，这使这个词具有美国特色。尽管这个样式现在很少有人异议，但早期的评论却是反对的：“一个小伙子…打扮得象一只表演的猴子，留着一簇蓬乱的胡子，象一只大公羊，我认为这有点太滑稽了”。这是1842年威廉·塔潘·汤普森在《乔恩上校的求婚》 中的描写， 它也表明了这个词的词源。关于这个词最初的真实记录见于丹尼尔·李和约瑟夫·H·福斯特的《在俄勒冈的十年》 ， 出版于1844年，它也持反对态度：“一些人…留着一撮被他们礼貌的邻人称作‘山羊胡子’般的胡须”〔construction〕The way in which something is built or put together:建筑式样：建筑或装配某物的方法样式： |
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