| 单词 | 核子 |
| 释义 | 〔trinitite〕An olive green, glasslike substance formed from the sand melted by the heat that was generated by the first nuclear blast at the New Mexico test site in 1945.三一石：似玻璃的橄榄绿物质，由沙遇热溶解后形成，是1945年新墨西哥试验区核子试爆的产物〔baryon〕Any of a family of subatomic particles, including the nucleon and hyperon multiplets, that participate in strong interactions, are composed of three quarks, and are generally more massive than mesons. Also called heavy particle See table at subatomic particle 激（发核）子，重子：微原子粒子家族中的一员，包括核子和超子多重谱线，由三夸克组成，一般比介子要重，会发生很强烈的内部反应 也作 heavy particle 参见 subatomic particle〔multiplet〕Any of several classes or groupings of subatomic particles, such as the nucleon, that are similar in most properties but different in electric charge.多重态：亚原子粒子（如核子）的任何一类或一组，这种粒子大部分性质相似而电荷不同〔nucleon〕A proton or a neutron, especially as part of an atomic nucleus. See table at subatomic particle 核子：质子或中心，尤指作为原子核的一个组成部分 参见 subatomic particle〔uranium〕The element uranium, whose discovery has been so vital to our nuclear age, owes its name to a preceding scientific discovery, that of the planet Uranus.Sir William Herschel, who discovered Uranus in 1781, named the planetGeorgium sidus, "the Georgian planet,” in honor of George III.Some also called itHerschel, but convention prevailed and the planet came to be calledUranus (the form in Modern Latin and English),the name of a heavenly deity like the rest of the planets.Called Uranus in Latin mythology and Ouranos in Greek,this god of the heavens was chosen because he was the father of Saturn (Greek Cronos), the deity of the planet next in line,who was the father of Jupiter (Greek Zeus), the deity of the next planet.The name of this new planet was then used in the name of a new chemical element,uranium, discovered eight years later by M.H. Klaproth. Klaproth, a German scientist, gave it the Latin nameuranium in honor of the discovery of Uranus. Uranium passed into English shortly thereafter, being first recorded in the third edition of theEncyclopedia Britannica, published in 1797. 元素铀的发现对现今的核子时代是至关重要的。它的名称是据在它之前发现的天王星命名的。威廉·赫歇尔爵士于1781年发现了天王星，并起名为Georgium sidus， “乔治的行星”， 用来纪念乔治三世。有人称之为赫歇尔， 但传统的力量更巨大，最终这颗行星被称之为Uranus （现代拉丁文和英语形式），如用其余的行星一样是用天神的名字命名的。在拉丁神话中被称作优拉纳斯神，而在希腊神话中被作优拉诺斯神，之所以选中这个天神因为他是萨图恩（希腊神话中为克洛诺斯）的父亲，而萨图恩是和他临近的行星；他还是朱庇特（希腊神话中的宙斯）的父亲，而宙斯又是下一颗临近的行星。这颗新行星的名字又用来命名一种新发现的化学元素，铀 是由M.H.克拉普罗特八年后发现的。 克拉普罗特这位德国科学家给予它铀 这种拉丁字母是为了纪念 天王星的发现。 Uranium在这之后不久进入英语， 首次出现于1797年出版的大不列颠百科全书 的第三版中 〔antinucleon〕The antiparticle of a nucleon.反核子：核子的反粒子〔nucleonics〕The study of the behavior and characteristics of nucleons or atomic nuclei.核子学：研究核子或原子核变化和特点的学科〔synchrocyclotron〕A cyclotron that accelerates protons and positive ions by using frequency modulation to synchronize the phase of the accelerating potential with the frequency of the accelerated particles to compensate for relativistic increases in particle mass at high speeds.同步回旋加速器：一种通过运用频率调节加速质子和正离子，使正在加速的微粒与被加速核子的频率同步以弥补高速运转中相对增加的粒子质量的回旋加速器 |
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