| 单词 | 核糖核酸 |
| 释义 | 〔adenine〕A purine base, C5H 5N 5, that is a constituent of DNA and RNA. 腺嘌呤：一种嘌呤碱，化学分子式为C5H 5N 5，由去氧核糖核酸与核糖核酸组成 〔retrovirus〕Any of a group of viruses, many of which produce tumors, that contain RNA and reverse transcriptase, including the virus that causes AIDS.逆转录酶病毒：一种病毒，大多数会产生含有核糖核酸和逆转录酶的肿瘤，包括引起爱滋病的病毒〔rotavirus〕Any of a group of wheel-shaped, RNA-contained viruses that cause gastroenteritis, especially in infants and newborn animals.轮状病毒：任何一组含核糖核酸的轮状病毒，尤其会导致婴儿或新生畜患胃肠炎〔guanosine〕A nucleoside, C10H 13N 5O 5, consisting of guanine and ribose. 鸟苷：一种核糖核酸，分子式为C10H 13N 5O 5，包含鸟嘌呤和核糖 〔Altman〕Canadian-born American biologist who shared a 1989 Nobel Prize in chemistry for discoveries concerning the catalytic properties of RNA.阿特曼，席尼：加拿大裔美籍生物学家，因其在核糖核酸催化反应性上的发现获得1989年诺贝尔化学奖〔DNA〕A nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the cell and is capable of self-replication and synthesis of RNA. DNA consists of two long chains of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and joined by hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases adenine and thymine or cytosine and guanine. The sequence of nucleotides determines individual hereditary characteristics.脱氧核糖核酸：一种在细胞中带有基因信息的核酸，能够自行复制并合成核糖核酸，DNA由两个核甙酸长链组成，这两个核甙酸链交结成一个双螺旋体〔retrotransposon〕A transposon copied from RNA with the use of reverse transcriptase.反转位子：借着使用反转录酶而从核糖核酸复制出来的转位子〔filovirus〕Any of a group of filamentous RNA viruses of the family Filoviridae, including Ebola and Marburg viruses, that are characterized by elongated, branched, curved, or spherical virions and that cause hemorrhagic fevers.丝状病毒：丝状病毒科的丝状核糖核酸类病毒，包括依波拉病毒和马尔堡病毒，特征为细长、分支、弯曲或球形的病毒粒子，会引起出血性发烧〔spliceosome〕A nucleoprotein particle that aids in the splicing of messenger RNA in eukaryotes.剪接体，剪裁体：协助真核细胞中信使核糖核酸进行拼接的核蛋白质微粒〔antisense〕Of or relating to a nucleotide sequence that is complementary to a sequence of messenger RNA. When antisense DNA or RNA is added to a cell, it binds to a specific messenger RNA molecule and inactivates it.反义的：补充信使核糖核酸序列的核苷酸序列的，或与其相关的。反义脱氧核糖核酸或反义核糖核酸加入细胞时，会绑住特定的信使核糖核酸分子并阻止信使核糖核酸分子活动〔enterovirus〕Any of a subgroup of picornaviruses, including polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, and echoviruses, that infect the gastrointestinal tract and often spread to other areas of the body, especially the nervous system.肠道病毒：小核糖核酸病毒的亚群之一，包括脊髓灰质炎病毒，柯萨奇病毒和艾柯病毒，造成胃肠道感染，并常常蔓延到身体其它部分，尤其是神经系统〔guanine〕A purine base, C5H 5ON 5, that is an essential constituent of both RNA and DNA. 鸟嘌呤：一种嘌呤碱，分子式为C5H 5ON 5，为核糖核酸和脱氧核糖核酸的主要组成部分 〔polyribosome〕A cluster of ribosomes connected by a strand of messenger RNA and functioning as a unit in protein synthesis. Also called polysome 多核糖体：由一束信使核糖核酸联结的一簇核糖体，在蛋白质合成中起一个单位的作用 也作 polysome〔ribonucleotide〕A nucleotide that contains ribose as its sugar and is an immediate component of RNA.核糖核酸：一种包含核糖作为其糖分的核苷酸，且是RNA的一种直接成分〔ribonuclease〕Any of various enzymes that break down RNA. Also called RNase 核糖核酸酶：任一种催化RNA的聚解酶 也作 RNase〔virion〕A complete viral particle, consisting of RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein shell and constituting the infective form of a virus.病毒粒子：一整个病毒粒子，由被蛋白质外壳包围的核糖核酸或脱氧核糖核酸组成，并构成一个病毒的传染形式〔GTP〕A nucleotide composed of guanine, ribose, and three phosphate groups and necessary for the synthesis of RNA.三磷酸鸟苷：由鸟嘌呤、核酸和三组磷酸盐组成的核苷核酸，为合成核糖核酸的必备成分〔replicase〕An enzyme that promotes the synthesis of a complementary RNA molecule from an RNA template.复制酶：一种促成按某个核糖酸的模板合成一个互补的核糖核酸分子的酶〔reovirus〕Any of a group of viruses that contain double-stranded RNA and are associated with various diseases in animals, including human respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.呼吸道肠道病毒：一种含有双股核糖核酸并且与包括人类呼吸系统和胃肠传染病在内的动物的各种疾病有关的病毒〔base〕One of the purines (adenine and guanine) or pyrimidines (cystosine, thymine, and uracil) that occurs attached to the sugar component of DNA or RNA.碱基：嘌呤（腺嘌呤和鸟嘌呤）或嘧啶（胸嘧啶、胸腺嘧啶和尿嘧啶）的一种，附着在脱氧核糖核酸或核糖核酸的糖分子上〔nucleolus〕A small, typically round, granular body composed of protein and RNA in the nucleus of a cell, usually associated with a specific chromosomal site and involved in ribosomal RNA synthesis and the formation of ribosomes.核仁：小而常为圆形的颗粒体，由蛋白质和细胞核中的核糖核酸构成，通常与一特定染色体缔合有直接关系并涉及核糖体核糖核酸的合成和核糖体的形成〔virus〕Any of various simple submicroscopic parasites of plants, animals, and bacteria that often cause disease and that consist essentially of a core of RNA or DNA surrounded by a protein coat. Unable to replicate without a host cell, viruses are typically not considered living organisms.病毒：各种动物、植物和细菌的简单亚微观寄生虫之一，常引起疾病，主要由核糖核酸或脱氧核糖酸的一个核组成，周围有蛋白质包围。离开寄主细胞不能复制本身，病毒通常不被认作为是生物体〔ribonucleoprotein〕A nucleoprotein that contains RNA.核糖核酸：一种包含RNA的核糖核蛋白〔ribozyme〕An RNA segment that has the ability to catalyze the cleavage and formation of covalent bonds in RNA strands at specific sites.核糖核酸酶：能够在特定位置催化核糖核酸链中共价键分裂和形成的核糖核酸片段〔uracil〕A pyrimidine base, C4H 4N 2O 2, that is an essential constituent of RNA. 尿嘧啶：嘧啶碱基，C4H 4N 2O 2，是核糖核酸的主要成分 〔viroid〕An infectious particle, similar to but smaller than a virus, that consists solely of a strand of RNA and is capable of causing disease in plants.类病毒：一种传染性微粒，与病毒相象但比病毒小，由核糖核酸单链构成，能在植物中引起疾病〔rhinovirus〕Any of a group of picornaviruses that are causative agents of disorders of the respiratory tract, such as the common cold.鼻病毒：任一种一群小核糖核酸病毒，它们引起呼吸道功能失调，例如普通伤风的致病物〔RNA〕A polymeric constituent of all living cells and many viruses, consisting of a long, usually single-stranded chain of alternating phosphate and ribose units with the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil bonded to the ribose. The structure and base sequence of RNA are determinants of protein synthesis and the transmission of genetic information. Also called ribonucleic acid 核糖核酸：是所有活细胞和许多病毒的一种聚合组成要素，由一条长的、通常是单线的相互交替的磷酸盐和核糖单位组成，核糖上又附着有腺嘌呤，鸟嘌呤，胞核嘧啶及尿喀啶等基本成分。核糖核酸的结构及基本顺序是蛋白质的合成及遗传信息的决定因素 也作 ribonucleic acid〔echovirus〕Any of a number of retroviruses of the family Picornaviridae, inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract and associated with various diseases, such as viral meningitis, mild respiratory infections, and severe diarrhea in newborns.艾柯病毒：任一种属于小核糖核酸病毒科的逆转录酶病毒，寄生于胃肠道内，与许多疾病有关，如病毒性脑膜炎、轻微呼吸道感染和严重的新生儿腹泻等〔exonuclease〕Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of single nucleotides from the end of a DNA or RNA chain.核酸外切酶：从脱氧核糖核酸链或核糖核酸链的末端催化单核苷酸水解的一种酶〔cytosine〕A pyrimidine base, C4H 5N 3O, that is an essential constituent of RNA and DNA. 胞核嘧啶：一种嘧啶碱基，C4H 5N 3O，是核糖核酸和脱氧核糖核酸的基本成分 〔Cech〕American biochemist who shared a 1989 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his discoveries concerning the catalytic properties of RNA.阙唐姆：美国生物化学家，因其发现核糖核酸的催化性而与人共获1989年的诺贝尔化学奖〔pyronine〕Any of a group of red dyes used as a biological stain, especially to detect the presence of RNA.焦宁；二苯氧芑胶染料：用作生物染色剂的一组红色染料中的任一种，尤指用来探测核糖核酸的存在〔monosome〕A single ribosome, especially one that is combined with a molecule of messenger RNA.单核糖体：单核糖体，尤指与信使核糖核酸的一个分子相结合的单核糖体〔picornavirus〕Any of a group of very small viruses, including the enteroviruses and the rhinoviruses, that infect animals and consist of RNA surrounded by an icosahedral protein shell.小核糖核酸病毒：一种微小病毒，包括肠道病毒和鼻病毒，对动物有感染作用，由环绕二十面体的蛋白壳层的核糖核酸病毒组成〔polymerase〕Any of various enzymes that catalyze the formation of polynucleotides of DNA or RNA using an existing strand of DNA or RNA as a template.聚合酶：一种催化脱氧核糖核酸或核糖核酸的多聚核苷酸生成的酶，它利用一段既成的脱氧核糖核酸或核糖核酸作为核酸的模子 |
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