| 单词 | 核酸 |
| 释义 | 〔myc〕Any of a group of vertebrate oncogenes whose product, a DNA binding protein, is thought to promote the growth of tumor cells.真菌：脊椎动物致瘤基因的一种，其产物去氧糖核酸结合性蛋白质被认为促使了肿瘤细胞的生长〔myxovirus〕Any of a group of RNA-containing viruses, including those that cause influenza, typically having an affinity for certain mucins and causing agglutination of red blood cells.粘液病毒：一组含核醣核酸病毒的任一种，包括引起流行性感冒的病毒，通常与某种粘蛋白有关，而且会导致血红血球的凝集〔Todd〕British chemist. He won a 1957 Nobel Prize for his study of nucleic acids and nucleotide structures.托德，亚历山大·罗伯塔斯：(生于 1907) 英国化学家。他因对核酸和核苷酸结构的研究而获得1957年的诺贝尔奖〔exonuclease〕Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of single nucleotides from the end of a DNA or RNA chain.核酸外切酶：从脱氧核糖核酸链或核糖核酸链的末端催化单核苷酸水解的一种酶〔chromatin〕A complex of nucleic acids and proteins in the cell nucleus that stains readily with basic dyes and condenses to form chromosomes during cell division.染色质，核染质：细胞核中由核酸与蛋白质组成的核酸复合物，容易被基本染料染色， 在细胞分裂期会浓缩而形成染色体〔nuclein〕Any of the substances present in the nucleus of a cell, consisting chiefly of proteins, phosphoric acids, and nucleic acids.核素：出现在细胞核中的物质，主要由蛋白质、磷酸和核酸组成〔nucleoside〕Any of various compounds consisting of a sugar, usually ribose or deoxyribose, and a purine or pyrimidine base, especially a compound obtained by hydrolysis of a nucleic acid, such as adenosine or guanine.核苷：由糖，通常是核糖或脱氧核糖和嘌呤或嘧啶基组成的化合物，尤指从核酸水解中获得的化合物，如腺嘌呤核苷或鸟嘌呤〔pyrimidine〕Any of several basic compounds derived from or structurally related to pyrimidine, especially the nucleic acid constituents uracil, cytosine, and thymine.嘧啶类：由嘧啶衍生出来或在结构上与嘧啶有关的一种基本混合物尤指核酸组成的尿嘧啶，胞嘧啶和胸腺嘧啶〔transfection〕Infection of a cell with purified viral nucleic acid, resulting in subsequent replication of the virus in the cell.传染：细胞被纯病毒核酸感染，从而引起病毒在细胞中的繁殖〔nucleoid〕The part of a bacterium or virus that contains nucleic acid and is analogous in function to the nucleus of a eucaryotic cell.类核，病毒核心：含核酸并且功能与真核细胞核功能类似的细菌或病毒的部分〔dCTP〕One of the two pyrimidine nucleotides that are used to synthesize DNA.脱氧胞苷三磷酸：用来合成脱氧核糖核酸的两个嘧啶核酸之一〔prion〕A microscopic protein particle similar to a virus but lacking nucleic acid, thought to be the infectious agent responsible for scrapie and certain other degenerative diseases of the nervous system.朊病毒（感染性蛋白质）：极微小的蛋白质微粒，类似于病毒，但不含核酸，被认为是绵羊痒病和其他的一些神经系统变性疾病的传染介质〔endonuclease〕Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of bonds between nucleic acids in the interior of a DNA or an RNA sequence.核酸内切酶：在DNA或RNA系列内部催化核酸键解的任何酶群〔Kornberg〕American biochemist. He shared a 1959 Nobel Prize for work on the biological synthesis of nucleic acids.科恩伯格，阿瑟：(生于 1918) 美国生物化学家。他因在核酸的生物合成方面作出的贡献而获得了1959年的诺贝尔奖〔phosphodiesterase〕Any of a class of enzymes that catalyze the cleaving of phosphodiester bonds, such as those between nucleotides in nucleic acids, to produce smaller nucleotide units.磷酸二酯酶：一种可以催化磷酸二酯键分裂产生更小核酸单位的酶，如核酸中核苷酸间的酶〔adenosine〕A nucleoside, C10H 13N 5O 4, that is a structural component of nucleic acids and the major molecular component of ADP, AMP, and ATP. 腺嘌呤核苷，腺苷：一种核苷，化学分子式C10H 13N 5O 4，为核酸的结构成分，主要的分子成分为ADP，AMP及ATP 〔terminator〕A sequence of nucleotides that signals the end of transcription and the completion of the synthesis of a nucleic acid molecule from a template.终止者：标志着转录终止或从核酸模板到综合分子核酸的完成的一个核苷酸序列〔Ochoa〕Spanish-born American biochemist. He shared a 1959 Nobel Prize for work on the biological synthesis of nucleic acids.奥乔阿，塞文洛：(生于 1905) 生于西班牙的美国生化学家，因其在核酸生物合成上的工作，而荣获1959年诺贝尔奖〔lysogeny〕The fusion of the nucleic acid of a bacteriophage with that of a host bacterium so that the potential exists for the newly integrated genetic material to be transmitted to daughter cells at each subsequent cell division.溶原性：噬菌体的核酸与原菌体的核酸溶和，这样新合成的基因物质有可能通过每一个随后的细胞分裂传到子细胞中去〔polymerase〕Any of various enzymes that catalyze the formation of polynucleotides of DNA or RNA using an existing strand of DNA or RNA as a template.聚合酶：一种催化脱氧核糖核酸或核糖核酸的多聚核苷酸生成的酶，它利用一段既成的脱氧核糖核酸或核糖核酸作为核酸的模子〔biopolymer〕A macromolecule, such as a protein or nucleic acid, that is formed in a living organism.生物聚合物：生物体内形成的大分子，如蛋白质或核酸〔rifampin〕A semisynthetic antibiotic derived from a form of rifamycin that interferes with the synthesis of RNA and is used to treat bacterial and viral diseases.利福平：一种半合成抗生素，从参与核醣核酸合成的利福霉素的一种形态中提取，用于治疗细菌性和病毒性疾病〔nuclease〕Any of several enzymes, such as endonucleases and exonucleases, that hydrolize nucleic acids.核酸酶：水解核酸的酶，如核酸内切酶和核酸外切酶〔DNA〕A nucleic acid that carries the genetic information in the cell and is capable of self-replication and synthesis of RNA. DNA consists of two long chains of nucleotides twisted into a double helix and joined by hydrogen bonds between the complementary bases adenine and thymine or cytosine and guanine. The sequence of nucleotides determines individual hereditary characteristics.脱氧核糖核酸：一种在细胞中带有基因信息的核酸，能够自行复制并合成核糖核酸，DNA由两个核甙酸长链组成，这两个核甙酸链交结成一个双螺旋体〔purine〕Any of a group of organic compounds derived from or structurally related to purine, including uric acid, caffeine, and the nucleic acid constituents adenine and guanine.嘌呤衍生物：从嘌呤衍生出来或在结构上与嘌呤有关的一组有机化合物的任一种，包括尿酸、咖啡因及核酸的组成成分腺嘌呤以及乌嘌呤等〔renaturation〕The process by which proteins or complementary strands of nucleic acids re-form their native conformations.复性：蛋白或核酸辅助链再形成其天然构造的过程〔nucleocapsid〕The basic structure of a virus, consisting of a core of nucleic acid enclosed in a protein coat.核壳体，病毒粒子：病毒的基本结构，由有蛋白质壳包围的核酸的核组成〔Klug〕South African-born British biochemist. He won a 1982 Nobel Prize for research on the structure of viruses and particles of proteins and nucleic acids.克卢格，艾伦：(生于 1926) 南非裔英国生物化学家，他因为研究病毒结构以及蛋白质和核酸的微粒结构而获1982年诺贝尔奖〔ribose〕A pentose sugar, C5H 10O 5, occurring as a component of riboflavin, nucleotides, and nucleic acids. 核糖：戊糖，C5H 10O 5，作为核黄素、核苷酸及核酸的一种组分存在 〔nucleoprotein〕Any of a group of substances found in the nuclei of all living cells and in viruses, composed of a protein and a nucleic acid.核蛋白：在所有活细胞和病毒的核中都可以找到的物质，由蛋白质和核酸构成〔GTP〕A nucleotide composed of guanine, ribose, and three phosphate groups and necessary for the synthesis of RNA.三磷酸鸟苷：由鸟嘌呤、核酸和三组磷酸盐组成的核苷核酸，为合成核糖核酸的必备成分〔sequence〕To determine the order of constituents in (a polymer, such as a nucleic acid or protein molecule).确定成分的顺序：确定（聚合物，例如核酸或蛋白质分子）的成分顺序〔semiconservative〕Of or designating the replication of a nucleic acid molecule, especially DNA, by separation of the two original strands of the molecule so that each acts as a template on which a new, complementary strand is laid down.半保留的：通过分开原来的两部分以使每一部分都掺入到一新的整体中，并作为形成缺失部分的样板的核酸分子的复制的或由之指派的，尤指脱氧核糖核酸的 |
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