单词 | 格雷厄姆 |
释义 | 〔jut〕"He had a sharp crooked nose jutting out of a lean dancer's face"(Graham Greene)“他的尖尖的鹰钩鼻子从那舞蹈演员的瘦削的脸上突出来”(格雷厄姆·格林)〔Graham〕Scottish Jacobite leader and long-time persecutor of the Covenanters, whom he defeated in a bloody battle in which he was mortally wounded (1689).格雷厄姆,约翰:(1649?-1689) 苏格兰詹姆斯二世党人的领袖和国民誓约派成员的长期迫害者,在一场其受到致命伤的血战中击败了国民誓约派(1689年)〔graham〕After Sylvester Graham (1794-1851), American cleric and social reformer 源自西尔维斯特 格雷厄姆 (1794-1851年),美国牧师和社会革命者 〔intonation〕"He could hear authority, the old parish intonation coming back into his voice"(Graham Greene)“他能听到了权威,即以前的教区声调又回到他的声音中”(格雷厄姆·格林)〔telephone〕When one telephones someone else,one never gives a second thought to the linguistic and etymological processes illustrated by the wordtelephone. To begin with,the nountelephone is one of a class of technological and scientific words that are made up of combining forms, in this casetele- and -phone. These forms are derived from classical languages:tele- is from the Greek combining form tēle- or tēl-, a form of tēle, meaning "afar, far off,” while-phone is from Greek phōnē, "sound, voice.” Such words derived from classical languages can be put together in French or German,for example, as well as in English.Which language actually gave birth to them cannot always be determined.In this case Frenchtelephone (about 1830) seems to have priority. The word was used for an acoustic apparatus, as it originally was in English (1844).Alexander Graham Bell appropriated the word for his invention in 1876,and in 1877 we have the first instance of the verbtelephone meaning "to speak to by telephone.” The verb is an example of a linguistic process called functional shift.This occurs when we use a noun as a verb,an adjective as a noun, or a noun as an adjective.Thus, we are changing the syntactic function of the word,just as we do when wetelephone a friend. 当某人打电话给别人时,他决不会再想一想单词Telephone 所说明的语言学的和词源学的发展历程。 开始时,名词telephone 是由复合形式构成的一类技术和科学术语中的一个, 在这个例子中是tele- 和 -phone 。 这些形式来自于古典语言:tele- 来自于希腊语的复合形式 tele- 或 tel- ( tele 的形式,意为“在远处,遥远地”), 而-phone 则来自希腊语 phone (“声音,嗓音”)。 这些来自古典语言的词可以在法语或德语中放在一起,例如,同英语一样。这些词到底诞生于哪一种语言通常无法确认。在这个例子中,法语telephone (大约于1830年)看起来出现较早。 这个单词正如它最初出现在英语中(1844年)的意思一样,在法语中它用于指声音设备。亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔在1876年用这个词指代他的发明物,1877年我们有了第一个意为“用电话与…交谈”的动词telephone 的实例。 这个动词是称为功能转移的语言学进程的一个例子。这种情况在我们将名词作为动词,将形容词作为名词或将名词作为形容词使用时就发生。这样,我们正在改变单词的句法功能,正如在我们打电话给 一位朋友时所做的一样 〔Graham〕American religious leader who has conducted evangelical tours throughout the world.格雷厄姆,威廉·富兰克林:(生于 1918) 美国宗教领袖,在全世界范围内开展了福音复兴运动〔Graham〕American newspaper executive who as publisher of theWashington Post (1969-1979) oversaw the controversial publication of the Pentagon Papers (1971) and the exposure of the Watergate scandal (1972-1974). 格雷厄姆,凯瑟琳·梅尔:(生于 1917) 美国报业一位总经理,其任《华盛顿邮报》 发行人时(1969-1979年),监督了受争议的五角大楼文件的出版(1971年)和水门事件丑闻的揭露(1972-1974年) 〔Graham〕American dancer and choreographer. A central figure in modern dance, she founded the Dance Repertory Theatre in New York City in 1930. Her works includeAppalachian Spring (1944) and Clytemnestra (1958). 格雷厄姆,马莎:(1894-1991) 美国舞蹈家、编导。现代舞蹈的中心人物,其于1930年在纽约创建了舞蹈剧场,保留舞剧剧目的专用剧场,其作品包括《阿巴拉契亚的春天》 (1944年)和 《克莱特曼斯》 (1958年) 〔Grahame〕British writer known for his essays and children's books, notablyThe Wind in the Willows (1908). 格雷厄姆,肯尼思:(1859-1932) 英国作家,以其散文和儿童文学著名,著名的有《杨柳风》 (1908年) 〔gonzo〕"a hyperkinetic, gonzo version of Graham Greene"(New Yorker)“格雷厄姆·格林洒脱之致的表演”(纽约人) |
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