| 单词 | 桔子 |
| 释义 | 〔ambrosia〕A dessert containing primarily oranges and flaked coconut.柑桔椰子甜食：一种主要由桔子和椰片做成的甜食〔screwdriver〕A cocktail made with vodka and orange juice.伏特加橙汁鸡尾酒：一种用伏特加和桔子汁制的鸡尾酒〔orgeat〕A sweet flavoring of orange and almond used in cocktails and food.杏仁橘花香茶：一种用于鸡尾酒和食物中的、含有桔子与杏仁的甜作料〔orange〕Oranges imported to China from the United States reflect a journey come full circle,for the orange had worked its way westward for centuries, originating in China,then being introduced to India,and traveling on to the Middle East, into Europe,and finally to the New World.The history of the wordorange keeps step with this journey only part of the way. The word is possibly ultimately of Dravidian origin, that is, it comes from a language or languages in a large non-Indo-European family of languages,including Tamil and Telugu, that are spoken in southern India and northern Sri Lanka.The Dravidian word or words were adopted into the Indo-European language Sanskritwith the formnāraṅgaḥ. As the fruit passed westward,so did the word,as evidenced by Persiannārang and Arabic nāranj. Arabs brought the first oranges to Spain,and the fruit rapidly spread throughout Europe.The important word for the development of our term is Old Italianmelarancio, derived from mela, "fruit,” and arancio, "orange tree,” from Arabicnāranj. Old Italianmelarancio was translated into Old French as pume orenge, theo replacing the a because of the influence of the name of the town of Orange, from which oranges reached the northern part of France.The final stage of the odyssey of the word was its borrowing into English from the Old French formorenge. Our word is first recorded in Middle English in a text probably composed around 1380,a time preceding the arrival of the orange in the New World.从美国进口到中国的桔子恰恰反映出兜圈子似的行进里程，因为原产于中国的桔子几个世纪以来不断向西行进，先是被引入印度，之后传播到中东国家、欧洲，最后引进了新大陆，orange 这个词的发展历史只与桔子的发展历程在一部分时段上是有其同步性的， 它最可能是来源于达罗毗荼，也就是说，它来源于非印一欧语系中的一种或多种语言，包括用于印度南部和斯里兰卡北部的泰米尔语和泰卢固语。达罗毗荼语是以梵文形式引入印欧语系的，形式如narangch。 当这种水果向西传播时，这个单词也同样西传，从以下可得到明证，如波斯语中的narang 和阿拉伯语中的 naranj。 阿拉伯人把第一批桔子带到西班牙后，这种水果又迅速传遍整个欧洲。我们现时所用的这个词的发展期中重要的一词便是古意大利语melarancio ，源于 mela， “水果”及 arancio， “桔树”， 来源于阿拉伯语naranj。 古意大利语melarancio 翻译成古法语为 pume orenge， o 变换为 a 是因为受奥伦奇城名的影响， 桔子即由此地进入法国北部。这一单词长途跋涉的最后一站是它由古法语orenge 进入英语词汇。 我们所用的这一词汇最初载入中世纪英语是在大约1380年左右的一份文本当中，早于桔子进入新大陆的时间〔kumquat〕Any of several trees or shrubs of the genusFortunella, having small, edible, orangelike fruit. 金桔：一种金桔 属灌木或树木，结有小而可食的、类似桔子的果实 〔hesperidium〕A berry having a thickened, leathery rind and juicy pulp divided into segments, as an orange or other citrus fruit.柑果：如桔子或其它柑橘属水果，有厚厚的、坚韧的革质外皮和分为许多节有多汁果肉的浆果〔average〕an orange of medium size.中等大小的桔子。〔tangerine〕The nametangerine is like the skin of an orange, which when peeled off reveals something of interest.The name reflects the geographic source of the fruit, Tangier, Morocco,from which port the first tangerines were shipped to Europe in 1841.The wordtangerine, from Tangier or Tanger, was already an English word (first recorded in 1710), meaning "of or pertaining to Tangier.”This word had been formed with the suffix-ine, as in Florentine. The fruit was first called atangerine orange, later reduced simply totangerine. Confusion exists between the nametangerine and the name mandarin, and with good reason.The tangerine is a type of mandarin orange,so in fact the oranges shipped from Tangier could have been calledmandarins. However, although both names can be used interchangeably in a general sense,there does now exist a particular type of orange calledtangerine as distinguished from another type called specifically mandarin. The mandarin orange, which is native to China,is thought probably to have received its namebecause of its resemblance in color to the robes of a mandarin.单词tangerine 这个名称就好象桔子的皮， 当我们把它剥下来时就会发现有趣的东西。这个名称反映了它所指的水果的地理来源，即摩洛哥的丹吉尔；第一批柑橘就是在1841年从该港口用船运往欧洲的。源于Tangier 或 Tanger 的 tangerine 一词在这时已经是一个英语词汇（它第一次见于文献是在1710年）， 意为“属于或关于丹吉尔的”。这个词是用加后缀-ine 的方法构成的，就象 Florentine 一词的构词法一样。 丹吉尔所产的这种水果一开始被称作tangerine orange ， 后来被简化成tangerine。 在tangerine 和 mandarion 之间一直存在着混淆， 而这种混淆是有原因的。丹吉尔柑橘确为一种中国柑桔种类，所以事实上从丹吉尔运出的那批桔子在当时可能就被称为mandarin 。 然而，尽管这两个名称在一般的使用中是可以互换的，但世界上确实存在着与另一种被称为manderin 的类型不同的一种被称作 tangerine 的桔类。 中国柑桔原产于中国，它之所以被这样命名，可能是因为它的颜色类似清朝的高官所穿的官服的颜色〔mimosa〕A drink consisting of champagne and orange juice.由香槟和桔子汁调成的饮料〔kumquat〕kwêt [orange] kwêt [桔子] 〔bishop〕Mulled port spiced with oranges, sugar, and cloves.香甜果子酒：加有桔子、糖和丁香的果子酒〔Burgess〕British writer and critic noted for his comic novels, including the futuristic classicA Clockwork Orange (1962). 伯吉斯，安东尼：(生于 1917) 英国小说家和批评家，以其喜剧小说而著称，作品包括未来派经典之作《装有发条的桔子》 （1962年） 〔Kubrick〕American filmmaker whose works includeLolita (1962), Dr. Strangelove (1963), 2001: A Space Odyssey (1969), and A Clockwork Orange (1971). 库勃利克，斯坦利：(生于 1928) 美国电影制片人，他的作品包括《洛莉塔》 （1962年）、 《核战狂人》 （1963年）、 《2001年：星际旅行》 （1969年）和 《一个装了发条的桔子》 （1971年） |
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