| 单词 | 模式 |
| 释义 | 〔Greer〕Australian feminist best known for her bookThe Female Eunuch (1970), a study of female conditioning and sexual stereotypes. 吉儿，吉尔曼：澳大利亚女权主义者，以其著作《女性宦官》 （1970年）闻名，研究女性条件以及性别典型模式 〔schizophrenia〕Any of a group of psychotic disorders usually characterized by withdrawal from reality, illogical patterns of thinking, delusions, and hallucinations, and accompanied in varying degrees by other emotional, behavioral, or intellectual disturbances. Schizophrenia, often associated with dopamine imbalances in the brain and defects of the frontal lobe, may have an underlying genetic cause.精神分裂症：精神混乱症状，特点为脱离现实、无逻辑思维模式、幻想、幻觉及伴有其它不同程度的感情、行为或思维混乱，精神分裂症经常与大脑多巴胺失去平衡及脑叶前部缺陷有关，可能有基因上的潜在原因〔patterning〕A method of physical therapy in which a rigid pattern of exercises is imposed to stimulate weak or paralyzed nerves and muscles to act on their own.生理模式疗法：一种生理疗法，用一严格的练习模式来刺激衰弱或麻痹的神经和肌肉以使它们活动〔pattern〕We patterned this plan on the previous one. My daughter patterned her military career after her father's.我们仿照以前的图样设计了这张图纸。我的女儿仿效她父亲的模式构筑了自己的军事生涯模式〔modality〕A tendency to conform to a general pattern or belong to a particular group or category.属性，特性：符合一种大体模式或属于特定的组或类的倾向〔Halle〕Latvian-born American linguist whose works includeThe Sound Pattern of English (1968), a collaboration with Noam Chomsky. 哈尔，墨利斯：拉丁裔美国语言学家，其作品包括《英语的发音模式》 （1968年），为与诺恩，察姆司基所共同研究的作品 〔Eros〕"The new playful eros means that impulses and modes from other spheres enter the relations between men and women"(Herbert Gold)“那个新出现的顽皮的厄洛斯正说明其它领域的冲动与模式已进入了男女关系”(赫伯特·戈尔德)〔edit〕The wordedit is often cited as an example of back-formation. In other words, edit is not the source ofeditor, asdive is of diver, the expected derivational pattern;rather, the reverse is the case. Edit in the sense "to prepare for publication,” first recorded in 1793,comes fromeditor, first recorded in 1712 in the sense "one who edits.”There is more to the story, however. Edit also partly comes from the French wordéditer, "to publish, edit,” first recorded in 1784.In the case ofedit, two processes, borrowing and back-formation, have thus occurred either independently or together,perhaps one person takingedit from French originally, another fromeditor, and yet a third from both.单词edit 常用来作为逆构词的一个范例， 换句话说， edit 并不是editor 的语源， 就象dive 不是 diver 的语源， 这是我们臆想中的派生模式；当然，这种逆构词只是一种范例而已。 Edit 作为“准备出版物”的意义最早记录于1793年，这是从editor 来的， 它在1712年就以“编辑者”的意义首次记录。但这里还有更多的故事。 Edit 的一部分来源于法语词éditer ，即“出版、编辑”， 它最早记录于1784年。在edit 这个词中含有两种造词过程，外借和逆构， 可能是分开进行也可能是同时起作用，或许一个人从原法语词中借用了edit 这个字， 而另一人则从editor 中造出新字， 第三个人却从两个词源中得到这个字〔tropology〕A mode of biblical interpretation insisting on the morally edifying sense of tropes in the Scriptures.据引串文解释：强调圣经中比喻的道德教化意义的阐释模式〔exceptionalism〕The theory or belief that something, especially a nation, does not conform to a pattern or norm.异常理论：某种东西，尤其是指一个国家，并不符合某种模式或是标准常态〔procedure〕A set of established forms or methods for conducting the affairs of a business, legislative body, or court of law.程序：一套处理商业事务、立法事务或法庭团体的既定模式或方式〔series〕a geometric progression. In asequence things follow one another in chronological or numerical order or in an order that indicates a causal or logical relationship or a recurrent pattern: 几何学的进步。 Sequence 指一个接一个按照年月或数字顺序或按照次序的事物， 表明因果或逻辑关系或循环的模式： 〔drift〕To vary from or oscillate randomly about a fixed setting, position, or mode of operation.任意改变：改变固定的环境、位置或工作模式或在其附近随意摇摆〔sexism〕Attitudes, conditions, or behaviors that promote stereotyping of social roles based on gender.性别主义：基于性别的改进社会角色固定模式的态度、情形或行为〔imprinting〕A learning process occurring early in the life of a social animal in which a specific behavior pattern is established through association with a parent or other role model.印刻作用，烙印：社会性动物生命早期出现的认知过程，通过与父母或一个其他角色模式的接触而形成的特别的行为方式〔Adams〕American historian who theorized that civilizations rise and fall according to a pattern of economic growth and decline.亚当斯，布鲁克斯：(1848-1927) 美国历史学家，理论化地阐述了文明随经济的增长与下降的模式而繁荣和衰退〔bimodal〕Having two distinct statistical modes.双模态的：有两个不同统计模式的〔paradigm〕An example that serves as pattern or model.范例，样式：作为样本或模式的例子〔deport〕To behave or conduct (oneself) in a given manner; comport.举动：按某种给定的模式行动；举止〔personality〕The pattern of collective character, behavioral, temperamental, emotional, and mental traits of a person:个性：指个人聚集的品质、行为、脾气、情绪和精神的性格模式：〔classical〕Conforming to the artistic and literary models of ancient Greece and Rome.古典的：符合古希腊和古罗马艺术或文学模式的〔materialize〕This usage has been criticized,but it is well established in reputable writing and follows a familiar pattern of metaphoric extension.The same logic that allows us to sayThe plans did not materialize allows us to use equivalent and unobjectionable paraphrases with expressions such as take form and take shape. 这种用法曾经受到批评，但是它曾在一些享有声望的作品中很好地被运用并且跟随了隐喻引申含义的常见模式。我们说计划没有实现 时所用的逻辑允许我们使用相同的、无任何异议的其他表达方式，例如 take form 和 take shape 〔sporadic〕Occurring at irregular intervals; having no pattern or order in time.See Synonyms at periodic 不定时发生的，时有时无的：以不规则间歇发生的；无时间顺序或固定模式 参见 periodic〔naff〕In the dual tradition of looking to one's betters for models of how to use language and American obeisance to British usage,let us look at two British words spellednaff. One is an adjective,meaning "clichéd, unstylish" (first recorded in 1969),that may be derived from dialectal wordssuch asnaffhead, "simpleton,” or niffy-naffy, "stupid.” The othernaff is a verb, usually used in the imperative in combination withoff (first recorded in 1959). This is the delicate injunction that members of the royal family such as Princess Anne have used in requesting members of the press to beat it.The origin ofnaff is unknown, but it has been suggested thatnaff may be related to an older English slang term naf, meaning "the female sexual organ.” Naf has been derived from a backward spelling offan, from fanny. 在看待如何使用语言的模式和美语遵从于英语那个更好的两个传统上，让我们看两个拼写为naff 的美语单词。 一个是形容词，表示“过时的，老调的”（首次记录于1969年），可能源于方言单词，如naffhead “傻子”或 niffy-naffy “愚蠢的”。 另一个naff 是动词， 通常用于命令语气与off 连用（首次记录于1959年）。 这是王室家族成员如安娜公主在要求报刊成员禁用时所使用的微妙禁令。Naff 不知源自何处， 但它表明naff 有与旧英语俚语 naf 相关的迹象表示“女性生殖器官”。 Naf 源于从fanny 而来的逆序拼写形式 fan 〔true〕So as to conform to a type, standard, or pattern.纯粹地：符合类型、标准或模式地〔hisself〕Speakers of some vernacular American dialects, particularly in the South, may use the possessive reflexive formhisself instead of himself (as in He cut hisself shaving ) and theirselves or theirself for themselves (as in They found theirselves alone ). These forms reflect the tendency of speakers of vernacular dialects to regularize irregular patterns found in the corresponding standard variety. In Standard English, the pattern of reflexive pronoun forms shows slightly irregular patterning; all forms but two are composed of the possessive form of the pronoun and -self or -selves, as in myself or ourselves. The exceptions are himself and themselves, which are formed by attaching the suffix -self/-selves to the object forms of he and they rather than their possessive forms. Speakers who use hisself and theirselves are smoothing out the pattern's inconsistencies by applying the same rule to all forms in the set.·A further regularization is the use of -self regardless of number, yielding the forms ourself and theirself. Using a singular form in a plural context may seem imprecise, but the plural meaning of ourself and theirself is made clear by the presence of the plural forms our- and their-. Hisself and theirselves have origins in British English and are still prevalent today in vernacular speech in England. 一些美国本土方言的使用者，尤其是美国南方人，可能会用所有格的反身代词形式hisself 代替 himself （如 He cut hisself shaving﹝刮脸时他割到自己﹞ ）以及 theirselves 或 theirself 代替 themselves （如 They found theirselves alone﹝他们发觉自己很孤独﹞ ）。这些形式反映出本土方言使用者试图规则化相应标准变化中的不规则模式。在标准英语中，反身代词模式显示出略微不规则模式的形成；除两个反身代词外，所有的反身代词都由代词的所有格形式加 -self 或 -selves 构成（如 myself 或 ourselves ）。例外的就是 himself 和 themselves ，将后缀 -self/-selves 附加在 he 和 they 的宾格形式而不是所有格形式上形成。采用 hisself 和 theirselves 的本土方言使用者消除了将同一规则用于一组中所有形式时产生的模式矛盾。进一步的规则化是不考虑数量而全部使用 -self ，由此产生 ourself 和 theirself 。在复数上下文中使用单数形式似乎有失严谨，但 ourself 和 theirself 的复数含义已由复数形式的 our- 和 their-清楚表明。Hisself 和 theirselves 起源于英式英语并在英国本土语言中依然流行 〔ode〕A classical Greek poem modeled on the choric ode and usually having a three-part structure consisting of a strophe, an antistrophe, and an epode.诗歌：以便唱歌曲为模式的古希腊诗歌，具有三部分结构，包括向左舞动时唱的诗句，向右舞动时唱的诗句以及抒情诗等三部分〔splendiferous〕"The working genius of American design has been . . . a refining of utilitarian purity into a kind of splendiferous native simplicity"(Jay Cocks)“美国模式的工作天才是经过去除纯粹的功利主义而达到的极好的国民质朴性状态”(杰·科克斯)〔model〕A schematic description of a system, theory, or phenomenon that accounts for its known or inferred properties and may be used for further study of its characteristics:模式，图解：系统、理论或现象的图解性的描述，用来描绘其已知的或推测性质的特性，也可能用于深入研究它们的特点：〔kudos〕Kudos is one of those words like congeries that look like pluralsbut are etymologically singular:correctness requiresKudos is (not are ) due her for her brilliant work on the score. Some writers have tried to defend the use ofkudos with a plural verb, or even the introduction of a new singular form ofkudo, on the grounds that these innovations follow the pattern whereby the English words pea and cherry were re-formed from nouns ending in-s that were thought to be plural. Perhaps the singularkudo would have to be acknowledged as a legitimate formation if it came to be widely adopted in the popular language in the way that cherry and pea have. But at presentkudos is still regarded as a slightly pretentious variant for praise and can scarcely claim to be part of the linguistic folkways of the community.When writers reach for an unfamiliar Greek word for the sake of elegance,it is fair to ask that they get it right.Still, it is worth notingthat even people who are carefulto treat the word syntactically as a singularoften pronounce it as if it were a plural:etymology would require that the final consonant be pronounced as a voiceless (s),rather than as a voiced (z).Kudos 和 congeries 那些词一样， 看上去好象是复数，但从词源上看是单数：因此正确的用法应该是Kudos is （不是 are ） due her for her brilliant work on the score 。 许多作者为kudos 后跟动词复数形式的做法辩护， 他们甚至发明了一个新的词kudo 作为该词的单数形式，他们这样做是以英语单词 pea 和 cherry 的形成模式为依据的， 这些词都是从原先结尾带-s 的复数形式名词演化而来。 kudo 这种单数形式只有在象 cherry 和 pea 这样为大众语言所普遍接受之后才能被认可为一种正确的形式。 但是现在kudos 这个词仍被看作是 praise 这个词稍稍有些做作的变体， 还很难成为社群的习惯用语的一部份。当一个作家为了行文的优雅用一个生僻的希腊词的时候，他应该正确地使用它。但是值得注意的是，即使是那些非常仔细的人，他们在句子中把它用作单数，但在读的时候却读成复数的形式：根据词源来看，这个词最后一个辅音应该发成清辅音（s），而不是浊辅音（z）〔formula〕A method of doing or treating something that relies on an established, uncontroversial model or approach:准则，方案：依据惯用的、无争议的模式或方法而采取的对某些事情的做法或处理方式：〔chance〕Random implies the absence of a specific pattern or objective and suggests a lack of direction that might or could profitably be imposed: Random 含指没有特定的模式或目的，并含有缺少原本能有益定向意思： 〔gambit〕Critics familiar with the nature of chess gambitshave sometimes maintained that the word should not be used in an extended sense except to refer to maneuvers that involve the tactical sacrifice of some advantage.Butgambit is well established in the general sense of "maneuver" and in the related sense of "a remark intended to open a conversation,” which usually carries no implication of sacrifice.通晓国际象棋中开局让棋实质的批评家们，有时坚持这个词除了指为获得一定利益而进行策略性牺牲的计谋外，不可用于扩展的意义。但是gambit 的一般性含义“策略”已成既定模式， 其在表示“为了打开话题而说的话语”中的相关意义通常与牺牲毫无关联〔mold〕A fixed or restrictive pattern or form:模式：固有的或限定的方式或形式：〔Wissler〕American anthropologist noted for his studies of Native American cultural and geographic patterns, includingThe American Indians (1917) and Indians of the United States (1940). 威斯勒，克拉克：(1870-1947) 美国人类学家，因研究美洲土著人文化和地理模式而著名，作品包括《美洲印第安人》 （1917年）和 《美国的印第安人》 （1940年） 〔drift〕A gradual deviation from an original course, model, method, or intention.逐渐越轨：从初始的路线、模式、方式或目的的逐渐偏离〔form〕To assume a specified form, shape, or pattern.具有特殊的形态：排成一定形式、形状或模式〔scenario〕An outline or a model of an expected or a supposed sequence of events:预料或期望的一系列事件的梗概或模式：〔plus〕This observation has suggested to some thatplus should be regarded as a preposition in these uses, on the model of expressions such astogether with or in addition to. But the phrases introduced byplus do not behave like prepositional phrases in other respects. They cannot be moved to the beginning of the sentence, for example.We do not sayPlus the bad weather, the construction slowdown has made for a weak market (contrast the acceptable sentence beginning withTogether with the bad weather ). What is more,subjects containing two noun phrases connected byplus are usually singular even when the first noun phrase is plural: 对有些人来说上面这句话会暗示plus 在这类用法中应被视为一个介词， 如在together with 或 in addition to 这样的表达模式中。 但由plus 引导的短语在其它方面并不象介词性短语。 例如它们不能放到句首。我们并不说加之糟糕的天气，施工的减少会导致市场不景气 （试比较用Together with the bad weather 开头的可被接受的句子）。 此外，即使由plus 联结的两个名词性短语中第一个名词性短语为复数，主语通常仍为单数： 〔anagenesis〕A pattern of evolution that results in linear descent with no branching or splitting of the population.前进演化，进化：只有直系后代而无旁系后代的演化模式 |
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英汉汉英双解词典收录301015条英汉双解翻译词条，可根据汉字查询相应的英文词汇，基本涵盖了全部常用汉字的英文读音、翻译及用法，是英语学习及翻译工作的有利工具。