| 单词 | 欧洲人 |
| 释义 | 〔Gama〕Portuguese explorer and colonial administrator. The first European to sail to India (1497-1498), he opened the rich lands of the East to Portuguese trade and colonization.伽马，瓦斯克·达：(1460?-1524) 葡萄牙探险家和殖民地行政官员。第一个航行到印度的欧洲人(1497-1498年），他为葡萄牙在东方的贸易和拓殖开启了富饶之门〔Maine〕Abbr. ME,Me.A state of the northeast United States. It was admitted as the 23rd state in 1820. First explored by Europeans in 1602, the region was annexed by Massachusetts in 1652. Maine's northern boundary with New Brunswick was settled by a treaty with Great Britain in 1842. Augusta is the capital and Portland the largest city. Population, 1,233,223.缩写 ME,Me.缅因州：美国东北部的一个州，于1820年被收归为第二十三个州。最早在1602年被欧洲人开发，此地区在1652年被马萨诸塞州合并。缅因北部和加拿大新布伦瑞克省的边界于1842年和英国以条约的形式确定下来。奥古斯塔为其首府，波特兰是其最大城市。人口1,233,223〔mattress〕The history of the wordmattress is a small lesson in the way amenities have come to Europe from the Middle East. During the earlier part of the Middle Ages,Arabic culture was more advanced than that of Europe.One of the amenities of life enjoyed by the Arabs was sleeping on cushions thrown on the floor.Derived from the Arabic wordṭaraḥa, "to throw,” the word maṭraḥ meant "place where something is thrown" and "mat, cushion.”This kind of sleeping surface was adopted by the Europeans during the Crusades,and the Arabic word was taken into Italian (materasso ) and then into Old French ( materas ), from which comes the Middle English wordmateras , first recorded in a work written around 1300. The Arabic word also became Medieval Latinmatracium, another source of our word.mattress 这个词的由来是康乐设施从中东传到英国的一个小小见证。 中世纪早期，阿拉伯人的文化要比欧洲文化进步。阿拉伯人生活中享受的一个康乐设施就是睡在铺在地上的垫子上。由阿拉伯语中的词taraha “扔”派生出来的词 matrah ， 意思是“铺着东西的地方”和“垫子，沙发”。这种睡觉方式被十字军东征时期的欧洲人采用，这个阿拉伯词因此进入意大利语(materasso )和古法语( materas )。 从这两个词又引出最早出现于1300年左右的一部著作中的中古英语词汇materas 。 这个阿拉伯词同时也被收入中世纪拉丁语，即matracium ， 这也是我们这个单词的另一个来源〔Deniker〕French anthropologist who proposed the ethnological classification of Europeans according to stature, cranial index, and color of hair.戴尼克尔，约瑟夫：(1852-1918) 法国人类学家，他按骨架、头盖骨和头发的颜色提出了对欧洲人进行分类的种族分类法〔Java〕An island of Indonesia separated from Borneo by theJava Sea, an arm of the western Pacific Ocean. Center of an early Hindu-Javanese civilization, Java was converted to Islam before the arrival of the Europeans (mainly the Dutch) in the late 16th century. 爪哇：印度尼西亚的一个岛屿，被大西洋西部的爪哇海 从婆罗洲分开。它是早期印度-爪哇文化的中心，后来改信伊斯兰教，直到16世纪晚期欧洲人（主要是荷兰人）到来 〔Tasman〕Dutch navigator and explorer who was the first European to discover Tasmania and New Zealand (1642).塔斯曼，艾贝尔·扬斯隆：(1603?-1659) 荷兰航海家和探险家，是发现塔斯马尼亚岛和新西兰(1642年）的第一位欧洲人〔LeMond〕American cyclist who won the Tour de France three times (1986, 1989, 1990), the only non-European ever to win the event.拉蒙，格列高利·詹姆斯：美国自行车运动员，1986年、1989年、1990年的三次环法自行车大赛冠军，也是赢得该项目的唯一非欧洲人〔Eurasian〕A person of mixed European and Asian descent.欧亚混血种人：有欧洲人和亚洲人混合血统的人〔Eurocentric〕Centered or focused on Europe and the Europeans:视欧洲人为世界经济、文化等中心的：以欧洲和欧洲人为中心的：〔continental〕An inhabitant of the mainland of Europe; a European.欧洲大陆人：居住在欧洲大陆的人；欧洲人〔criollo〕A Spanish American of European, usually Spanish descent.克里奥罗人：生于西属美洲的欧洲人，尤指西班牙血统的人〔European〕Of or relating to Europe or its peoples, languages, or cultures.欧洲的：欧洲的、欧洲人的或欧洲民族的、欧洲语言的、欧洲文化的〔mestizo〕A person of mixed racial ancestry, especially of mixed European and Native American ancestry.梅索蒂斯混血儿：具有混合的种族血统的人，尤指欧洲人与美洲印第安人的混血儿〔Creole〕A person of European descent born in the West Indies or Spanish America.克里奥尔人：出生于西印度群岛或西属美洲的欧洲人的后裔〔Tocharian〕A member of a people of possible European origin, living in Chinese Turkistan until about the tenth century.吐火鲁人：一个在10世纪以前一直居住在中国土耳其斯坦的可能为欧洲人后裔的部族的成员〔proud〕"On January 1, 1900, Americans and Europeans greeted the twentieth century in the proud and certain belief that the next hundred years would make all things possible"(W. Bruce Lincoln)"1900年1月1日，美国人和欧洲人以一种自豪而坚定的信念迎接20世纪的到来，他们认为下一个一百年将使一切事情都成为可能”(W.布鲁斯·林肯)〔kiosk〕The lowly kiosk where one buys a newspaper or on which one posts advertisements is like a child in a fairy tale who though raised by humble parents is really the descendant of kings.The wordkiosk was originally taken into English ultimately from Turkish, in which its sourceköshk meant "pavilion.” The open structures referred to by the Turkish word were used as pavilions and summerhouses in Turkey and Persia.The first recorded use ofkiosk in English (1625) has reference to these Middle Eastern structures, which Europeans imitated in their own gardens and parks. In France and Belgium,where the Turkish word had also been borrowed,their wordkiosque was applied to something lower on the scale, structures resembling these pavilions but used as places to sell newspapers or as bandstands. England borrowed this lowly structure from Franceand reborrowed the word,which is first recorded in 1865with reference to a place where newspapers are sold.用来购买报纸或张贴广告的普通的凉亭好像是神话故事中尽管由地位低下的父母抚养但确实是国王后代的儿童一样，单词kiosk 收入英文的起源最早是土耳其语， 土耳其语中它的出处koshk 意为“大帐篷”。 在土耳其语中开敞的建筑物用来作为土耳其和波斯的帐篷和凉亭。英语中最早记录的kiosk 的使用（1625年）参照于欧洲人在他们自己的花园和公园中仿制的中东式建筑。 在法国和比利时，这个土耳其语单词也被借用，它们的单词kiosque 适用于结构上类似于这些凉亭，但规模上比较矮，用作卖报纸的场所或室外音乐台的建筑。 英国从法国引进了这种普通建筑，并且重新引入了这个单词，它的最早记载是在1865年，与卖报纸的场所有关〔European〕A native or inhabitant of Europe.欧洲人：出生于欧洲的人，欧洲居民〔Lusaka〕The capital and largest city of Zambia, in the south-central part of the country. It was founded by Europeans in 1905. Population, 535,830.卢萨卡：赞比亚的首都和最大城市，位于该国中南部地区。由欧洲人于1905年建立。人口535,830〔Polo〕Venetian traveler who explored Asia from 1271 to 1295. HisTravels of Marco Polo was the only account of the Far East available to Europeans until the 17th century. 马可·波罗，马科：(1254-1324) 威尼斯旅行家，从1271年至1295年在亚洲探险。他的《马可·波罗游记》 是到17世纪为止欧洲人所能接触到的唯一一部有关远东的记录 〔Sumba〕An island of south-central Indonesia in the Lesser Sunda Islands south of Flores. First visited by Europeans in 1522, it passed to the Dutch in 1866.松巴岛：印度尼西亚中南部的一个岛屿，位于弗洛里斯岛南部小巽他群岛，欧洲人最早在1522年到达过该岛，1866年归于荷兰统治〔mestiza〕A woman of mixed racial ancestry, especially of mixed European and Native American ancestry.女混血儿：具有混合的种族血统的女人，尤指欧洲人与美洲印第安人的女混血儿〔Speke〕British explorer in Africa. He and Sir Richard Burton were the first Europeans to explore Lake Tanganyika (1858).斯皮克，约翰·汉宁：(1827-1864) 英国的非洲探险家。他和理查德·波顿爵士是最早探索坦干伊喀湖的欧洲人(1858年）〔European〕A person of European descent.欧洲人后裔：有欧洲血统的人〔Nicolet〕French explorer who was the first European to reach the Great Lakes region (1634).尼克莱，简：(1598-1642) 法国探险家，是到达五大湖区的首位欧洲人(1634年） |
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