| 单词 | 步骤 |
| 释义 | 〔graduate〕from Latin gradus [step] * see grade 源自 拉丁语 gradus [步骤] * 参见 grade〔approach〕The method used in dealing with or accomplishing:步骤：用于处理或完成的方法：〔foolish〕"It would be preposterous to take so grave a step on the advice of an enemy" (J.A. Froude).“听从敌人的意见采取这一重要步骤太愚蠢了” （J.A.弗鲁德）。〔microprogramming〕A method of operating the control unit of a computer by breaking down the control instructions into a sequence of small steps.微程序设计：一种操作计算机控制单位的方法，通过将控制指令分解成一系列的小步骤来实现〔glycolysis〕The ATP-generating metabolic process that occurs in nearly all living cells by which carbohydrates and sugars, typically glucose, are converted in a series of steps to pyruvic acid.糖酵解：磷酸酯衍生物代谢过程，发生于几乎所有活细胞，通过这一过程，碳水化合物和糖、典型的如葡萄糖，经过一系步骤转化成乳酸〔perform〕She fulfilled her obligations to her parents. Todischarge an obligation or duty is to perform all the steps necessary for its fulfillment: 她尽了自己对父母的责任。 Discharge 是指采取所有达到满意程度所需步骤的责任或义务： 〔process〕To put through the steps of a prescribed procedure:处理，进行：使通过一系列预定程序的各项步骤：〔stage〕A level, degree, or period of time in the course of a process, especially a step in development:时期：发展过程中的阶段，时期，步骤，特别是指发展过程中的阶段：〔arthrodesis〕The surgical fixation of a joint, ultimately resulting in bone fusion. Basically, the procedure is artificially induced ankylosis performed to relieve pain or provide support in a diseased or injured joint.关节固定术：固定关节的外科手术，最终导致骨融接。从根本上说，其步骤为人为地使关节部位僵直以减少疼痛或给患病或受伤关节提供支持〔neat〕Orderly and precise in procedure; systematic.简洁的：步骤有序的和精确的；系统的〔frame〕A single step in a sequence of programmed instruction.帧：一系列循序渐进的拟定的教学法的单个步骤〔step〕One of a series of actions, processes, or measures taken to achieve a goal.步骤：一系列为达到某一目的的行动、过程或措施中的一环〔orderly〕Methodical stresses adherence to a logically and carefully planned succession of steps: Methodical 强调对一个经过逻辑及周密安排的连续步骤的坚持： 〔abort〕The act of terminating an operation or procedure, as with a project, a missile, an airplane, or a space vehicle, before completion.中止，中辍：在完成之前中止一项目、导弹、飞机或飞船的操作或步骤的行为〔mechanism〕The sequence of steps in a chemical reaction.（化学反应的）过程：化学反应的一系列步骤〔lead〕To result in by a series of steps:由一系列步骤导致：〔alteration〕The act or procedure of altering.改变：改变的行为或步骤〔methodology〕A body of practices, procedures, and rules used by those who work in a discipline or engage in an inquiry; a set of working methods:一套方法：从事某一学科或进行某项研究的人使用的一整套方法、步骤和规则；一整套工作方法：〔adventurism〕Involvement in risky enterprises without regard to proper procedures and possible consequences, especially the reckless intervention by a nation in the affairs of another nation or region:冒险主义：不考虑恰当步骤及可能后果的冒险性活动，特指一国对他国或其他地区事务的鲁莽干涉：〔algorithm〕A step-by-step problem-solving procedure, especially an established, recursive computational procedure for solving a problem in a finite number of steps.算法，规则系统：一种循序渐进解决问题的过程，尤指一种为在有限步骤内解决问题而建立的可重复应用的计算过程〔micromanipulator〕A device for manipulating minute instruments and needles under a microscope in order to perform delicate procedures, such as microsurgery.显微操纵器：在显微镜下用于操纵微小仪器的设备，用于施行精细的步骤，如在显微外科手术中使用〔approach〕a logical approach to the problem.对问题的逻辑解决步骤〔method〕These nouns refer to the plans or procedures followed to accomplish a task or attain a goal.这些名词指为完成某一任务或达到某一目标而遵循的计划或步骤。〔complete〕Having all necessary or normal parts, components, or steps; entire:完全的：具有所有必要的或常规的部分、元件或步骤；全部的：〔method〕Middle English [medical procedure] 中古英语 [医疗步骤] 〔tidy〕Orderly and neat in appearance or procedure.See Synonyms at neat 1整洁的：外表或步骤有秩序而整齐的 参见 neat1〔write〕To set one's own terms or course of action entirely according to one's own needs or wishes:自订计划，自行决定：按照某人自己的需求或愿望决定做事、行动的步骤和计划：〔step〕followed every step in the instructions.遵循指示中的每一个步骤〔fortification〕The act or process of fortifying.筑城：筑城的行动或步骤〔gradation〕from gradus [step] * see grade 源自 gradus [步骤] * 参见 grade〔set〕followed set procedures for filing a grievance.以平息怨恨的约定步骤进行〔gradual〕from Latin gradus [step] * see grade 源自 拉丁语 gradus [步骤] * 参见 grade〔guideline〕A statement or other indication of policy or procedure by which to determine a course of action:指导路线，方针：对政策或路线的陈述或其它指示，用以决定行动的步骤：〔method〕The procedures and techniques characteristic of a particular discipline or field of knowledge:程序，技巧：一特定学科或知识领域特有的步骤和技巧：〔method〕Orderly arrangement of parts or steps to accomplish an end:条理，规律：为达到一个目标的众部分或众步骤的有序的安排：〔Methodist〕methodist One who emphasizes or insists on systematic procedure. methodist 照章办事者：过分强调或坚持方法步骤的人〔grade〕To arrange in steps or degrees.安排：按步骤或程度排列〔optimization〕The procedure or procedures used to make a system or design as effective or functional as possible, especially the mathematical techniques involved.最佳化：使一个系统或一项设计尽可能有效或有用的方法或步骤，尤指包含有复杂的数学技术〔methodology〕Methodology can properly refer to the theoretical analysis of the methods appropriate to a field of study or to the body of methods and principles particular to a branch of knowledge.In this sense,one may speak ofobjections to the methodology of a geographic survey (i.e., objections dealing with the appropriateness of the methods used) or of themethodology of modern cognitive psychology (i.e., the principles and practices that underlie research in the field). In recent years, however,methodology has been increasingly used as a pretentious substitute for method in scientific and technical contexts, as inThe oil company has not yet decided on a methodology for restoring the beaches. This usage may have been fostered in part by the tendency to use the adjectivemethodological to mean "pertaining to methods,” in as much as the regularly formed adjectivemethodical has been preempted to mean "orderly, systematic.” But the misuse ofmethodology obscures an important conceptual distinction between the tools of scientific investigation (properly methods ) and the principles that determine how such tools are deployed and interpreted—a distinction that the scientific and scholarly communities, if not the wider public,should be expected to maintain.Methodology 可指对一个学科的研究方法进行的理论分析， 也可指一个学科特有的一整套方法与步骤。在这种意义上，人们可以说对于一个地理调查所用方法提出的异议 （即，关于所用方法是否适当所提的异议）， 也可以说现代认知心理学的研究方法 （即，形成一门学科的研究基础的原则和方法）。 然而，近些年来，在科学、技术语境中，methodology 越来越多地被用做颇带炫耀夸张色彩的 method 的替换词， 如说石油公司尚未决定恢复海滩环境的方法。 这种用法可能部分地起因于用形容词methodological 来表示“与方法有关的”意思的倾向， 因为用常规方法构成的形容词methodical 已先行意味着“有序的，有系统的”。 但是methodology 的这种错误用法模糊了一个重要的概念区分，那就是科学研究的方法（正确的说法应是 methods )和决定这些方法如何运用和阐释的原则之间的区分——这个区分， 如果不为更多的大众所认识，至少应为科学和学者圈子所坚持〔instance〕A step in a process or series of events:程序，步骤：某一过程或一连事情件中的一个阶段或步骤： |
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