| 单词 | 殖民地 |
| 释义 | 〔inactive〕"No other colony showed such supine, selfish helplessness in allowing her own border citizens to be mercilessly harried" (Theodore Roosevelt).“没有一个别的殖民地在自己边界上的居民被无情地蹂躏时能表现出这样一种苟安的、自私的无助” （希奥多·罗斯福）〔doubloon〕A gold coin formerly used in Spain and Spanish America.都布隆：西班牙及其原美洲殖民地的旧金币名〔Muncie〕A city of east-central Indiana northeast of Indianapolis. Established on the site of an earlier Delaware settlement, it was the setting for Robert and Helen Lynd's pioneering sociological studyMiddletown (1929). Population, 71,035. 曼西：美国印第安纳州中东部城市，位于印第安纳波利斯东北部。建立在早期特拉华殖民地的遗址上，是罗伯特和海伦·琳达最早的社会学研究的地点中部城镇 (1929年）的地点。人口71,035 〔Byrd〕American planter and colonial official whose diaries (written in shorthand) provide a rare and humorous account of daily life in pre-Revolutionary Virginia.伯德，威廉：(1674-1744) 美国农场主和殖民地军官，其日记（速记体）提供了关于革命前夕弗吉尼亚州日常生活稀有而幽默的记录〔viceroy〕A man who is the governor of a country, province, or colony, ruling as the representative of a sovereign.总督：国家、省或者殖民地的男总督，统治权的代表〔Pesaro〕A city of north-central Italy on the Adriatic Sea west of Florence. On the site of a Roman colony, it became part of the Papal States in 1631. Population, 90,147.佩扎罗：意大利中北部一城市，位于亚得里亚沿岸、佛罗伦萨以西。罗马殖民地的旧址，它于1631年成为教皇国的一部分。人口90,147〔Peters〕German explorer and colonial official who established (1884) the German East African protectorate of Tanganyika.彼得斯，卡尔：(1856-1918) 德国探险家和殖民地官员，他建立了德属东非的保护国坦干伊喀(1884年）〔solecism〕after Soloi (Soli), an Athenian colony in Cilicia where a dialect regarded as substandard was spoken 源自 索里奥 （索里），西里西亚雅典殖民地的一种方言，被认为不够规范 〔Baker〕British explorer who founded a settlement at Ceylon (1848), explored the Blue Nile region (1861-1862), and discovered Lake Albert (1864).贝克，塞缪尔·怀特：(1821-1893) 英国探险家，他于1848年在锡兰建立了殖民地，探察了蓝尼罗河地区（1861-1862年），并发现了阿尔贝特湖（1864年）〔Ahvenanmaa〕An archipelago in the Baltic Sea at the entrance to the Gulf of Bothnia between Sweden and Finland. Colonized in the 12th century by Swedes, the islands were ceded to Russia in 1809 and became part of Finland after World War I.阿维南玛群岛：波罗的海中的群岛，位于瑞典和芬兰之间的波的尼亚湾的入口处。该群岛12世纪时为瑞典的殖民地，1809年割让给俄国。第一次世界大战后成为芬兰的一部分〔Valencia〕also [bä-lĕnʹthyä] A region and former kingdom of eastern Spain on the Mediterranean coast south of Catalonia. Inhabited by Iberian peoples in early times, it was colonized by Greek and Carthaginian traders and fell to the Moors in the eighth century. The Cid ruled the region and the city of Valencia from 1094 until his death in 1099. 也作 [bä-lĕnʹthyä] 巴伦西亚：西班牙东部的一个地区和以前的王国，位于卡特罗尼亚以南的地中海海岸线上，早期由伊比利亚人定居于此，希腊人和迦太基商人将其变成殖民地并于8世纪落入摩尔人手中，熙德从1094年直至其在1099年死亡一直统治着这个地区和巴伦西亚城市〔Muhlenberg〕German-born American religious leader of all Lutheran groups in the colonies. His sonJohn Peter Gabriel (1746-1807) was a Revolutionary soldier and a U.S. representative from Pennsylvania (1789-1791, 1793-1795, and 1799-1801). Another son, Frederick Augustus (1750-1801), was a delegate to the Continental Congress (1779-1780) and a U.S. representative (1789-1797) who served as the first speaker of the house. 穆伦贝尔格，亨利·梅尔希奥：(1711-1787) 德裔美籍宗教领袖，美国殖民地信义会的领导者，他的儿子约翰·彼德·加布里埃尔 (1746-1807年）是位美国革命军士兵，曾作为来自宾夕法尼亚州的美国国会议员(1789-1791，1793-1795和1799-1801年）。另一个儿子， 弗雷德里克·奥古斯都 (1750-1801年），是大陆会议代表(1779-1780年）和美国众议院首席议长(1789-1797年） 〔Eaton〕English colonial administrator in America who founded and governed (1638-1658) the New Haven colony.伊顿，狄奥斐卢斯：(1590-1658) 英国驻美殖民地总督，他建立并管辖(1638-1658年）纽黑文殖民地〔Penn〕English Quaker colonizer in America. He founded the colony of Pennsylvania in 1681.潘，威廉：(1644-1718) 英国新友派信徒和北美殖民者，他在1681年创建了美国宾夕法尼亚殖民地〔Como〕A resort city of northern Italy near the Swiss border at the southwest end ofLake Como. The city was a Roman colony and became an independent commune in the 11th century. Population, 95,183. 科摩：意大利北部度假胜地城市，靠近瑞士边界，在科摩湖 的西南端。曾是罗马的殖民地，于11世纪成为独立的公社，人口95,183 〔Franklin〕A town of southeast Massachusetts near the Rhode Island border southwest of Boston. It was settled in 1660. Population, 22,095.富兰克林：美国马萨诸塞州东南部一城镇，邻罗得岛边缘，位于波士顿西南部。1666年在此建立了殖民地。人口22,095〔mandate〕To assign (a colony or territory) to a specified nation under a mandate.托管：将（某块殖民地或地区）指定给某个具体的国家托管〔Transvaal〕A region of northeast South Africa. Inhabited by Bantu-speaking Black Africans, the area was settled by Boer farmers who formed an independent state, called the South African Republic, in the 1850's. Great Britain annexed the territory in 1877, but the discovery of gold in 1886 led to an influx of settlers, further tensions between the British and the Boers, and the eventual formation of the Transvaal as a crown colony (1900) after the Boer War. Transvaal became a part of South Africa in 1910.德兰士瓦省：南非东北部一个地区。这一地区居住着讲班图语的非洲黑人，19世纪50年代布尔农民建立此区，布尔人还成立了一个独立国家，称作南非共和国。1877年英国吞并了这个地区，但是1886年在该地区发现黄金后，大批拓居者纷纷涌入，加剧了英国和布尔人之间的矛盾，并最终使德兰士瓦省在布尔战争后成为一个直辖殖民地(1900年）。1910年德兰士瓦省成为南非的一部分〔Dale〕English-born naval commander and colonial administrator noted for his strict rule of Virginia from 1611 to 1616.戴尔，托马斯：(卒于 1619) 英裔海军司令和殖民地总督，因在弗吉尼亚(1611-1616年）的严厉法规而闻名〔resident〕A colonial official acting as adviser to the ruler of a protected state, often having quasi-gubernatorial powers.殖民地官员：作为被保护国的统治者的顾问的殖民地官员，通常具有类似州长的权力〔Dunedin〕A city of southeast South Island, New Zealand. A major port, it was settled by Scottish Presbyterians in 1848. Population, 74,500.丹尼丁：新西兰南岛东南部城市，主要港口，1848年苏格兰长老派在此建立殖民地，人口74,500〔Monterey〕A city of western California south of San Francisco onMonterey Bay, an inlet of the Pacific Ocean. First settled in 1770 around a Franciscan mission, Monterey was a Spanish colonial capital for much of the time from 1774 to 1846, when it was taken by U.S. naval forces. The city and scenic Monterey Peninsula attract many tourists to the area. Population, 31,954. 蒙特里：美国加利福尼亚西部一城市，位于旧金山南部，太平洋的一个小入海口蒙特里海湾 沿岸。最早1770年建于弗朗西斯科教区附近，1774年到1846年的大部分时期中它是西班牙的殖民地首府，1846年被美国海军占领。该市和风景优美的 蒙特里半岛 成为游客向往的旅游胜地。人口31,954 〔Taylor〕English-born American Puritan cleric and poet. Although his works were unpublished until 1939, he is now recognized as one of colonial America's finest poets. His poems include "God's Determinations Touching His Elect" (c. 1685).泰勒，爱德华：(1645?-1729) 英裔美国清教徒牧师和诗人。尽管他的作品直到1939年才出版，现在他还是被认为是殖民地美国的最优秀诗人。他的诗包括《上帝的决心感化了他的选民》（作于1685年）〔Calabria〕A region of southern Italy forming the toe of the Italian "boot.” Founded as a Greek colony, it was taken by the Romans in 268b.c. and by the Byzantine Empire in the ninth century a.d. . 卡拉布里亚：意大利南部的一个地区，形成“靴”状意大利的脚趾部分。作为希腊的殖民地而建立，公元前 268年被罗马人所夺取， 公元 9世纪又被拜占庭帝国夺取 〔Cumae〕An ancient city and Greek colony of south-central Italy near present-day Naples. Founded c. 750b.c. , it is the earliest-known Greek settlement in Italy. Cumae adopted Roman culture after the second century b.c. and gradually declined as neighboring cities rose to power. 库迈：意大利中南部的一座古城和希腊殖民地，位于现在的那不勒斯附近。该城创建于公元前 750年，是意大利境内最早的希腊殖民地。在 公元前 2世纪以后库迈采用了罗马文化并随着邻近城市的兴起反而逐渐衰落 〔Cochin〕A region and former princely state of southwest India on the Malabar Coast of the Arabian Sea. The city ofCochin was visited by Vasco da Gama in 1502 and colonized by the Portuguese in the following year. It was taken by the Dutch in 1663 and occupied by the British in 1795. Population, 513,249. 柯钦：印度西南的一个区域和前王侯统治的州，在阿拉伯海的马拉巴尔海岸。柯钦 城于1502年由沃斯克·达·伽马访问，次年沦为葡萄牙人的殖民地，1663年由荷兰人取代，1795年英国人占领。人口513,249 〔Indochina〕The former French colonial empire in southeast Asia, including much of the eastern part of the Indochinese peninsula. French influence extended from roughly 1862 to the fall of Dien Bien Phu (1954).印度支那：历史上法国在东南亚的殖民地，包括印度支那半岛东部的大部分。法国大约从1862年开始对这一地区施加影响，直至奠边府战役(1954年）结束〔Tripolitania〕A historical region of northern Africa bordering on the Mediterranean Sea. Originally a Phoenician colony, it was later held by Carthage, Numidia, and Rome (after 46b.c. ). Tripolitania fell to the Vandals in a.d. 435, to the Arabs in the seventh century, and finally to the Ottoman Turks in 1553. 的黎波里塔尼亚：非洲北部历史上的一个地区，临地中海。起初，它是腓尼基的一个殖民地，后来分别被迦太基、努米底亚和罗马占领（公元前 46年之后）。的黎波里塔尼亚在 公元 435年落入汪达尔人的统治，7世纪被阿拉伯人占领，最后于1553年被奥斯曼土耳其人占领 〔California〕A state of the western United States on the Pacific Ocean. It was admitted as the 31st state in 1850. The area was colonized by the Spanish and formally ceded to the United States by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848). California is often called the Golden State because of its sunny climate and the discovery of gold during its pioneering days. Sacramento is the capital and Los Angeles the largest city. Population, 29,839,250.加利福尼亚：美国西部靠近太平洋的一个州。1850年被收纳为第三十一个州。这个区域是西班牙的殖民地，后按瓜达卢佩一伊达尔戈条约回归美国（1848年）。由于其阳光明媚的气候，并在拓荒年代发现了金矿，加利福尼亚常被称为金色之州。萨克拉门托是其首府，洛杉矶是其最大城市。人口29,839,250〔Thomas〕American publisher who founded theMassachusetts Spy, an anti-British newspaper (1770), and produced many books, including the first English Bible printed in the colonies. 托马斯，以赛亚：(1749-1831) 美国出版商，创建了反英报纸《马萨诸塞的间谍》 （1770年），并出版了在殖民地印刷的第一本英文圣经等很多书 〔burgess〕A member of the lower house of the legislature of colonial Virginia or Maryland.殖民地弗吉尼亚州或马里兰州的立法机关下议院议员〔Canning〕British colonial administrator who was governor-general (1856-1858) and first viceroy (1858-1862) of India.坎宁伯爵，查尔斯·约翰：(1812-1862) 英国殖民地行政长官，曾任英联邦地总督（1856-1858年）和第一任印度总督（1858-1862年）〔Angola〕A country of southwest Africa bordering on the Atlantic Ocean. Formerly a Portuguese colony, the country became independent in 1975 after a long guerrilla war and has been torn by civil strife ever since. Luanda is the capital and the largest city. Population, 8,140,000.安哥拉：非洲西南部一国家，邻接大西洋。以前曾是葡萄牙的殖民地，经过长期游击战争于1975年独立，之后一直处于内乱之中。罗安达是首府和最大城市。人口8,140,000〔Duluth〕A city of northeast Minnesota on Lake Superior opposite Superior, Wisconsin. Permanent settlement began here in the 1850's. The city's fine harbor accommodates oceangoing vessels. Population, 92,811.德卢斯：美国明尼苏达州东北部城市，位于苏必利湖畔，对岸为威斯康星州苏必利市，在19世纪50年代成为永久性殖民地，该市有可容纳出海船只的优良港口，人口92,811〔Rodney〕British naval officer who won important victories over the European powers that supported the colonists during the American Revolution.罗德尼，乔治·布里奇斯：(1718-1792) 英国海军军官，多次与在美国独立革命中支持殖民地人民的欧洲列强进行海战并取得重大胜利〔Lucca〕A city of northwest Italy west of Florence. On the site of an ancient Ligurian settlement and a Roman colony, it became a free commune in the 12th century and was later an independent republic. Population, 91,097.卢卡：意大利西北部，佛罗伦萨以西的一座城市，位于古代利古里翁定居地和罗马的殖民地的遗址上，在12世纪成为自由行政区，后来是一个独立的共和国。人口91,097〔Kitchener〕British soldier and colonial administrator who led Egyptian troops in the retaking of the Sudan (1898), brought the Boer War (1899-1902) to a conclusion, and served as secretary for war (1914-1916) during World War I.基奇纳，霍拉肖·赫伯特：(1850-1916) 英国军事家，殖民地官员，曾指挥埃及军团夺回苏丹（1898年），结束布尔战役（1899-1902年）。第一次世界大战期间任陆军大臣（1914-1916年）〔Wilkes〕British political reformer noted for his published attacks on George III and for his support of the rights of American colonists.威尔克斯，约翰：(1727-1797) 英国政治改革家，因发表攻击乔治三世的文章和支持美国殖民地开拓者的权利而著名〔Adzharia〕A region of southeast European U.S.S.R. bordering on the Black Sea and Turkey. Colonized by the Greeks in the fourth and fifth centuriesb.c. , it was ruled by the Romans and the Turks before its acquisition by Russia in 1878. 阿杰利亚：苏联欧洲东南部一区域，毗邻黑海和土耳其。公元前 4,5世纪为希腊殖民地，后被罗马人和土耳其人统治，1878年后被俄罗斯占领 〔Guadalajara〕A city of central Spain northeast of Madrid. Built on the site of a flourishing Roman colony, it was held by the Moors from 714 to 1081. Population, 58,436.瓜达拉哈拉：西班牙中部一城市，位于马德里东北。建于一繁荣的罗马殖民地旧址上。公元714年到1081年被摩尔人占领。人口58,436 |
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