| 单词 | 毁掉 |
| 释义 | 〔iconoclast〕An iconoclast can be unpleasant company,but at least the modern iconoclast only attacks such things as ideas and institutions.The original iconoclasts destroyed countless works of art.Eikonoklastēs, the ancestor of our word, was first formed in Medieval Greek from the elements eikōn, "image, likeness,” and -klastēs, "breaker,” fromklan, "to break.” The images referred to by the word are religious images,which were the subject of controversy among Christians of the Byzantine Empire in the 8th and 9th centuries, when iconoclasm was at its height.Those who opposed images did not, of course, simply destroy them, although many were demolished;they also attempted to have the images barred from display and veneration.During the Protestant Reformationimages in churches were again felt to be idolatrous and were once more banned and destroyed.It is around this time thaticonoclast, the descendant of the Greek word, is first recorded in English (1641), with reference to the Greek iconoclasts.In the 19th centuryiconoclast took on the secular sense that it has today, as in "Kant was the great iconoclast" (James Martineau).亵渎偶像者可能令人生厌，但至少现代的偶像毁坏者只是攻击思想和制度这类东西。最初的偶像破坏者却毁掉了无数的艺术作品。Eikonoklastes 最早见于中世纪希腊语，是我们现代词的前身，由 eikon 意为“图象，相象”和 -klastes 意为“毁坏者”组成， 它又来源于klan “打碎”的意思。 此词所说的肖像是指宗教的肖像，8至9世纪当毁坏偶像主义在拜占庭帝国盛行时，宗教偶像成为基督教徒中争执的焦点。反对宗教肖像的人尽管销毁了不少画像，但这并不是他们唯一的形式，他们也试图禁止偶像展览和偶像崇拜。在新教改革时期，教堂里的宗教画像再次被认为是盲目崇拜而遭到禁止和毁灭。正是在这一时期iconoclast 一词开始作为希腊语的衍生词在英语中出现， 第一次记录于1641年。到19世纪，iconoclast 一词开始有了现代的含意， 比如在“康德是一位伟大的传统叛逆者”（詹姆士·马提诺）〔take〕The blight took these tomatoes.这场虫害毁掉了这些西红柿〔Neutral〕A confederacy of Iroquoian-speaking Native American peoples formerly inhabiting the northern shore of Lake Erie. The Neutral were destroyed by the Iroquois in the mid-17th century.易洛魁族：以前居住在伊利湖北岸的易洛魁语系的美国土著民族联盟。这个中立国在17世纪中叶被易洛魁人毁掉〔inextirpable〕Difficult or impossible to eradicate or destroy.难以或无法根除或毁掉的〔spoil〕To damage irreparably; ruin.毁掉：毁坏到不可修补的地步；摧毁〔blot〕To destroy utterly; annihilate:毁掉，灭掉：彻底破坏；消灭：〔Xanthus〕An ancient city of Lycia in present-day southwest Turkey. It was besieged and taken by the Persians (c. 546b.c. ) and the Romans (c. 42 b.c. ). Both times the residents destroyed the city before surrendering. 桑索斯：古代利西亚城市，位于现今土耳其的西南部，公元前 546年被波斯侵略并占领，于 公元前 42年又被罗马人占领，在两次城陷前居民都毁掉了城市 〔smear〕To stain or attempt to destroy the reputation of; vilify:污蔑，诋毁：玷污或企图毁掉某人的名誉；诽谤：〔smash〕Total defeat or destruction; ruin.毁灭：完全的失败或破灭；毁掉〔Tyre〕An ancient Phoenician city on the eastern Mediterranean Sea in present-day southern Lebanon. The capital of Phoenicia after the 11th centuryb.c. , it was a flourishing commercial center noted for its purple dyestuffs and rich, silken clothing. Tyre was besieged and captured by Alexander the Great in 332 b.c. and was finally destroyed by Moslems in a.d. 1291. 蒂尔：一个古代腓基尼的首都，位于今在的黎巴嫩南部地中海东部。公元前 11世纪后是一个繁荣的商业中心，以其紫色染料和华丽丝织品而著称。亚历山大大帝于 公元前 332年所围并占攻了蒂尔，蒂尔最终于 公元 1291年被穆斯林毁掉 〔feticide〕Intentional destruction of a human fetus.非法堕胎：故意毁掉胎儿〔injure〕Worrying about business spoiled our evening. 由于对生意的担心，我整个晚上都给毁掉了 |
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