| 单词 | 每一个 |
| 释义 | 〔wager〕An agreement under which each bettor pledges a certain amount to the other depending on the outcome of an unsettled matter.赌注：为一件未决事情的结果，每一个赌者保证给别人一定数额的一个约定〔item〕The worditem seems to us to be very much a noun, whether it refers to an article in a collection or a bit of information.But it began its life in English (first recorded before 1398) as an adverbmeaning "moreover, also, in addition.”Item as typically used in front of each object listed in an inventory, as we might putalso. This use in English simply reflects a meaning of the word in Latin.However, it is easy to see howitem could be taken to stand for the thing that it preceded, and so we get, for example, the sense "an article included in an enumeration.”The first such usages are found in the 16th century,while the sense "a bit of information" is not found until the 19th century.In the 20th century we added a computer sense,a further addition toitem. 单词item 对我们来说只是一个名词， 它可以指一个文集中的一篇文章或者是一些信息。但是它的起源却是一个副词（最早见于1398年以前），意思为“此外，而且，同样”。Item 最典型是用在商品目录的每一个物品的前面， 就象我们使用also 一样。 这种用法反映在拉丁词语上仅有一个含义。然而，明白item 是怎样被用来代表它前面的事物是很容易的， 所以我们得到了像“文集中的一篇文章”等这种含义。这种用法最早见于16世纪，而含义“一些信息”一直到19世纪才被发现使用。在20世纪时，我们加了一个计算的含义，进一步形成了今天的item 〔phonetic〕Representing the sounds of speech with a set of distinct symbols, each designating a single sound:代表语音的，表示发音的：用一套有区别的符号来代表语音的，每一个符号表示一个语音：〔blaze〕"When heated to incandescence in the furnace of stars, each element marks the spectrum of light it emits with a characteristic set of lines" (Malcolm W. Browne). “当在众多星状物组成的熔炉中被加热到白热程度时，每一个元素都以其特有的一组谱线显示出它所放出的光谱” （马尔科姆W.布朗） 。〔test〕tested the pen by scribbling on scrap paper; testing each mango for ripeness by pressing and smelling it; testing job applicants.在碎纸片上乱划来试一下铅笔；把每一个芒果都压一压、闻一闻来判断其是否成熟；测试求职者〔per〕For each one; apiece:每一个地：为每一个；每个，每人：〔finger〕The part of a glove designed to cover a finger.手指部分：手套的每一个设计来覆盖手指的部分〔sign〕One of the 12 divisions of the zodiac, each named for a constellation and represented by a symbol.宫：黄道带十二个分区中的一个，每一个带都以一个星座的名字命名，用一个图形表示〔per〕To, for, or by each; for every:每一，每：对、为或通过每一个；每一个：〔novena〕from feminine of Latin novēnus [nine each] 源自 拉丁语 novēnus的阴性词 [九个每一个] 〔octogenarian〕from octōgēnī [eighty each] 源自 octōgēnī [每一个八十] 〔ilka〕Middle English ilk a [each one] 中古英语 ilk a [每一个] 〔radiophotograph〕A photograph transmitted by radio waves, each image point being reproduced by a received electric impulse.无线电传真：通过无线电波传送的照片，图像上的点由接收到的每一个电脉冲重新合成〔each〕Every one of a group considered individually; each one.各个，每一个：一组中视为单个个体的一个；每一个〔centrifugal〕"The division of Europe into two warring blocs, each ultimately dependent on a superpower patron, is subject to ever-increasing centrifugal stress"(Scott Sullivan)“欧洲分割成两大战争集团，每一个都最终依附于一个超级大国的支持，因此易受不断增长的分散力量的影响”(斯科特·沙利文)〔rise〕"You climb up through the little grades and then get to the top" (John Updike).“你穿越每一个小等级不断地往上爬，然后就会到达顶点” （约翰·厄普代克）。〔engage〕His smile engages everyone he meets.他的微笑吸引住了每一个他所遇到的人〔triplicity〕In astrology, one of four groups of the zodiac, each consisting of three signs separated from each other by 12°. Also called In this sense, also called trigon 三宫组：在占星术中，黄道四个组中的每一个都包括三个互相隔为12度的宫 也作 在此意义上也可称作 trigon〔particularity〕each small town with its special particularities and ancient customs.每一个有特殊的风格和古老的风俗的小镇〔serious〕"They cost us serious money . . . but delivered a unique feature"(Frederick C. Mish)"Serious power requires presence in a political House"(William Safire)"Every serious kitchen needs at least one peppermill"(Washington Post)“他们花了我们一大笔钱…但是表达出独特的特色”(弗雷德里克C.米什)“出席议会才算有真正的权力”(威廉·萨菲尔)“每一个行家的厨房需要至少一个手碾胡椒磨”(华盛顿邮报)〔possum〕Since English is a language that stresses some syllables and not others, weakly stressed syllables,especially those preceding strong stresses, are dropped at times.This process, called aphesis when it occurs at the beginning of a word,is more common in regional American dialects than in the more conservative Standard English,which tends to retain in pronunciation anything reflected in spelling.Although many American dialects feature aphesis,it is most famous in the dialects of the South,where it yields pronunciationssuch ascount of for (on) account of, tater for potato, possum for opossum, and skeeter for mosquito. 由于英语是一种强调某些音节而不强调另一些音节的语言，所以弱音音节，特别是那些在重音音节之前的弱音音节就常常被省掉了。这个过程，如发生于一个字的开头就叫做词首非重读短元音省略。这种现象在美国地方方言中比在更为保守的标准英语中要常见得多，因为标准英语趋向于将拼写中的每一个字母都在发音中加以保存。虽然许多美国方言具有词首非重读短元音省略的特征，但这一现象在南方的方言中最为显著，并产生了许多新发音，如(on) account of 被读成 count of，potato 被读成 tater，opossum 被读成 possum 以及 mosquito 则被读成 skeeter 〔kludge〕The wordkludge is not "etymologist-friendly,” having many possible origins,none of which can be definitively established.This term, found frequently in the jargon of the engineering and computer professions,denotes a usually workable but makeshift system, modification, solution, or repair.Kludge has had a relatively short life (first recorded in 1962 although it is said to have been used as early as 1944 or 1945) for a word with so many possible origins. The proposed sources of the word, Germanklug, kluge, "intelligent, clever,” or a blend ofklutz and nudge or klutz and refudge, do not contain all the necessary sounds to give us the word,correctly pronounced at least.The notions thatkludge may have been coined by a computer technician or that it might be the last name of a designer of graphics hardware seem belied by the possibility that it is older than such origins would allow.It seems most likely that the wordkludge originally was formed during the course of a specific situation in which such a device was called for.The makers of the word,if still alive,are no doubt unaware that etymologists need informationso they can stop trying to "kludge" an etymology together.单词kludge 不是“词源学家的朋友”， 有很多可能的来源，每一个都不能准确成立。这个词，经常在工程和电脑业的行话中找到，表示一个通常能工作但是临时凑合的系统、修改、解答或修理。作为一个有这么多可能的来源的词，kludge 却有一个相对小的年纪（1962年第一次有记载，尽管据说早到1944年或1945年就已经使用）。 该词被推荐的来源是德文klug, kluge “聪明的，灵巧的”， 或者klutz 和 nudge 的混合或 klutz 和 refudge 的混合， 没有包含能向我们给出这个词的所有必需的声音，至少是正确的发音。kludge 可能是由电脑技术人员杜撰的或者它可能是图形显示硬件的一名设计者的姓， 这些看法由于它比这些来源能允许的时间要早的可能性而被误解。看起来最可能的是单词kludge ， 最早是在需要这样的设备的特定环境中形成的。这一单词的制造者，如果还健在的话，毫无疑问意识不到词源学家需要此类信息，这样他们才能终止“临时搭配”成一个词源的努力〔octonary〕from octōnī [eight each] 源自 octōnī [每一个八] 〔tee〕The designated area of each golf hole from which a player makes his or her first stroke.发球区：运动员发出他（她）的第一击的每一个高尔夫球洞的指定区域〔equal〕gave every player an equal chance to win.给每一个运动员同等的获胜机会〔proportion〕from prō portiōne [according to (each) part] 源自 prō portiōne [根据（每一个）部分] 〔carry〕The news was carried by word of mouth to every settlement.这条新闻被口头传播到每一个部落〔hot〕"His book is an exercise in the fashionable art of instant history, in which every episode is hotted up with an anecdote"(Harper's)“他的书是对当今流行艺术的实践，其中每一个插曲都用一件故事来使之更令人兴奋”(哈珀)〔brew〕"storms brewing on every frontier"(John Dos Passos)“在每一个边境地区都酝酿着的风暴”(约翰·道斯·帕索斯)〔every〕Being each of a specified succession of objects or intervals:每隔的：物体确定连续序列中的每一个的或时间空间上的间隔的：〔example〕Each of these nouns refers to what is representative of or serves to explain a larger group or class.Anexample represents, usually typically, something of which it is a part and thereby demonstrates the character of the whole: 这里的每一个名词都指的是代表或用来解释一组或一类事物。example 这个词通常很典型地表示某事物的一个部分并由此可以表示整个事物的特点： 〔square〕Having a specified length in each of two equal dimensions.平方的：两个相等量度中每一个都有一个特定长度的〔decimal〕A linear array of integers that represents a fraction, every decimal place indicating a multiple of a negative power of 10. For example, the decimal 0.1 = 1/10, 0.12 = 12/100, 0.003 = 3/1000. Also called decimal fraction 小数：表示分数的整数的线性排列，每一个小数点后的位置表示10的负次幂。例如，小数0.1== 1/10，0.12== 12/100，0.003== 3/1000 也作 decimal fraction〔wake〕The pairswake, waken and awake, awaken have formed a bewildering array since the Middle English period. All four words have similar meanings, though there are some differences in use.Onlywake is used in the sense "to be awake,” as in expressions likewaking (not wakening ) and sleeping, every waking hour. Wake is also more common than waken when used together with up; andawake and awaken never occur in this context: She woke up (rarely wakened up; never awakened up or awoke up ). Some writers have suggested thatwaken should be used only transitively and awaken only intransitively, but there is ample literary precedent for usages such asHe wakened early and They did not awaken her. In figurative sensesawake and awaken are more prevalent: wake,waken 和 awake,awaken 这两对词自中古英语以来就形成令人不解的一组词。 四个词有相似的意思，尽管在用法上有差异。只有wake 用于“保持清醒”的意义， 如在waking （而非 wakening ) and sleeping, every waking hour（清醒和睡眠，每一个醒着的时刻）。 Wake在与 up 一同用时也比 waken 更常用； 并且awake 和 awaken 从不出现在这种语言环境中： She woke up （很少用 wakened up ；从不用 awakened up 或 awoke up )。 有些作家指出waken 应只用作及物的而 awaken 只用作不及物的， 但有很多文学上的用法先例,如He wakened early（他醒得早） 和 They did not awaken her（他们没惊醒她）。 在比喻意义上awake 和 awaken 更普遍： 〔up〕Each; apiece:每一个；每一件：〔show〕"Every great hostelry flaunted the flag of some foreign potentate" (John Dos Passos).See also Synonyms at appear “每一个大旅店上都招展着某一外国君主的旗帜” （约翰·多斯·帕索斯） 参见同义词 appear〔reciprocal〕Concerning each of two or more persons or things.交互的，相互的：关于两个或多个人或物中的每一个的〔shoran〕A relatively short-range navigation system by which a ship or an aircraft can determine its position with high precision by measuring the times required for a radar signal to reach and return from each of two ground stations of known position.近程导航系统：一种相对短程的导航系统，利用该系统一艘船或一架飞机可以极其精确地测定自己所处的位置，通过测定雷达信号到达两个位置已知的地面接收站中的每一个站并返回所需的时间来实现〔respectively〕I'm referring to each of you respectively.我将逐个提到你们中的每一个〔cast〕cast each role carefully.仔细安排每一个角色 |
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