| 单词 | 比喻性 |
| 释义 | 〔parent〕The Usage Panel is better disposed to accept the verbparent than in previous surveys, though a majority continues to find it unacceptable.In 1968 it was acceptable to only 19 percent of the Panel;in the most recent survey45 percent accepted it in the sentenceIn looking for foster homes, we give preference first to relatives and second to families with prior experience in parenting. · The use of the verbparent to mean "act as a parent to" is not entirely new:it occurs as early as 1884 in a metaphorical context.But its use in a literal sense with respect to children is a recent development and reflects a modern reconceptualization of family life.The word is not completely synonymous with the traditional expressionraise a child, though the precise nature of the differences may depend on the context.For some speakers,use of the word suggests a self-conscious shift from child to parent as the focus of the parental relationship,and it may be this implication that feeds critical reservations about the verb.But the usage also reflects a widespread practical realizationthat the activities required of a parent extend well beyond the direct interactionwith the child emphasized inchild raising. Thus theparenting classes for young parents offered by schools and state agencies encompass not only the activities traditionally associated with raising a childbut also topics such as personal self-sufficiency, household financial management, and methods of dealing with schools and health care agencies.See Usage Note at father 用法小组比以往更倾向于接受动词parent 了， 虽然还有大部分人觉得不可接受。1968年仅有19％的小组成员认同这种用法；在最近的调查中，有45％的人接受了它,如在：在寻找收养家庭时，我们首先选孩子的亲戚，其次是有过养育孩子经历的家庭 这样的句子中的用法。 Parent 的意为“做…的父（母）”动词用法， 并不完全是个新用法：早在1884年，在一个比喻性的文章中就出现过了。但就孩子这方面而言，它的本义是近期发展的结果并反映了现代家庭生活的观念。这个词并不与习语 raise a child 完全同义， 尽管不同之处确切的性质可能取决于说话背景。但对一些人来说，使用这个词暗含一个把家长的关系作为重点的自觉的从孩子到父母的转换，也许正是这个隐含的用意引起了关于这个动词批评性的保留。然而，这个用法也反映了广泛的现实认识，即要求父母的活动扩展到超出直接与孩子的相互作用，这个相互作用在 child raising 这个短语中有所强调。 因此，由学校和国家专门部门向年轻家长提供的 parenting 课， 不仅包括传统上与抚养孩子有关的事务，而且还包括诸如个人自给自足、家庭财政管理和同学校和保健部门打交道的方法等课题 参见 father〔ugly〕The standard sense of the adjectiveugly becomes figurative in the common expression an ugly temper. Regional American speech shares this figurative sense and makes it even more specific.In New Englandugly as applied to animals, especially large farm animals such as cows and horses, means "balky, hard to manage.”In the South, on the other hand,ugly with the specific sense of "rude" is used of persons: Don't be ugly, son. Interestingly, the wordclever (senses 4 through 6) follows the same regional pattern as ugly : in New England the specialized senses refer to animals; in the South, to persons.形容词ugly 的标准的意思在的表达 坏脾气 中变得借喻性了。 美国的地区性语言中都有这种比喻性意义并且使它更加具体化。在新英格兰ugly 被用于动物， 尤其是大型的家畜，如奶牛和马，其意思是“不好，很难控制”。在南部，另一方面，ugly 被用于人的具体意思为“粗鲁的”： 孩子，不要那么粗鲁。 有意思的是，单词clever （释义4到6）有着和 ugly 一样地方性形式： 在新英格兰，特指的意思用于动物；在南方用于人〔costly〕"Pictures ought not to be too dear" (John Ruskin).The terms also apply figuratively to what occasions loss or sacrifice: “图画不应太贵” （约翰·罗斯金）。这些词也比喻性地指导致丧失或牺牲的东西： 〔kenning〕A figurative, usually compound expression used in place of a name or noun, especially in Old English and Old Norse poetry; for example,storm of swords is a kenning for battle. 隐喻语：尤指古英语和古斯堪的纳维亚语诗中，一种比喻性的，在表名字或名词时常用的复合表达方式，如“剑的风暴” 是 “战争” 的隐喻语 〔exposition〕A statement or rhetorical discourse intended to give information about or an explanation of difficult material.讲解：为了给…提供信息陈述或比喻性的说明，或对有难点的题材的解释〔second〕Reminiscent of one that is well known:比喻性的：使人想起很有名的人或事物的： |
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