| 单词 | 比赛 |
| 释义 | 〔minimumweight〕A boxer competing in this weight division.轻量级选手：以此重量级距比赛的拳击手〔Ruth〕American baseball player. A pitcher for the Boston Red Sox (1915-1919) and outfielder for the New York Yankees (1920-1935), he hit 714 home runs, played in 10 World Series, and held 54 major-league records. Known as "the Sultan of Swat,” he was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1936.鲁思，乔治·赫尔曼：(1895-1948) 美国棒球运动员。作为波士顿红袜队的投球手(1915-1919年）和纽约的美国佬队的外野手(1920-1935年），他一共打击全垒打714次、参加了十次世界级比赛并保持54个主要联盟记录。被人称为“全垒打王”，1936年被吸收为荣誉棒球会的会员〔stake〕The prize awarded the winner of a contest or race.比赛奖金：比赛或赛跑获得奖金〔mistime〕The basketball team mistimed the final play and lost the game.这个篮球队因比赛时间安排不当而输了一场〔carousel〕French carrousel [tilting match, carousel] 法语 carrousel [骑马持矛冲刺比赛，竞技比武大会] 〔rev〕revving ourselves up for the game; efforts to rev the economy.振作我们的精神打好比赛；繁荣经济所做的努力奋斗〔awesome〕"a totally awesome arcade game"(Los Angeles Times)“绝对杰出的连拱廊比赛”(洛杉矶时报)〔carousel〕from Italian carosello [tilting match] 源自 意大利语 carosello [骑马持矛冲刺比赛] 〔play〕After a time-out, play resumed. The golf tournament featured expert play.暂停之后，比赛继续进行高尔夫球比赛以专业选手比赛为特色〔shrug〕shrugged off the defeat and talked about tonight's game.对失败不屑一顾而谈论今晚的比赛〔putout〕A play in which a batter or base runner is retired.出局：比赛进程，其间一击球手退出比赛〔manager〕One who is in charge of the training and performance of an athlete or a team.球队经理：负责某个运动员或某支队伍的训练和比赛的人员〔consensus〕It was the consensus of the sportswriters that the game should not have been played. · 体育新闻记者们一致认为这场比赛本不应该进行的这一句子多说些什么。 〔bobsled〕To ride or race in or as if in a bobsled.乘（滑）大雪橇，滑大雪橇竞赛：乘（滑）大雪橇或好象乘（滑）大雪橇，滑大雪橇比赛或好象滑大雪橇竞赛〔scoreboard〕A large board that records and displays the score of a game or contest.记分牌：记录和显示一场游戏或比赛的大牌〔hopefully〕And though this use ofhopefully may have been a vogue word when it first gained currency 30 years ago, it has long since lost any taint of jargon or pretentiousness for the general reader.The well-attested acceptance of the usage reflects an implicit popular recognition of its usefulness;there is no precise substitute.Someone who saysHopefully, the treaty will be ratified makes a hopeful prediction about the fate of the treaty,whereas someone who saysI hope (or We hope or It is hoped ) the treaty will be ratified expresses a bald statement about what is desired. Only the latter could be continued with a clause such asbut it isn't likely. · It might have been expected, then, that the initial flurry of objections tohopefully would have subsided once the usage became well established. Instead, increased currency of the usage appears only to have made the critics more adamant.In the 1969 Usage Panel survey the usage was acceptable to 44 percent of the Panel;in the most recent survey it was acceptable to only 27 percent.(By contrast, 60 percent accepted the analogous use ofmercifully in the sentence Mercifully, the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score. ) Yet the Panel has not shown any signs of becoming generally more conservative:in the very same survey panelists were disposed to accept once-vilified usagessuch as the employment ofcontact and host as verbs. · It seems that this use ofhopefully has been made a litmus test, which distinguishes writers who take an active interest in questions of grammar or usage from the great mass of people who keep their own linguistic counsel.No one can be blamed who useshopefully in blithe ignorance of the critics' disdain for it, since the rule could not be derived from any general concern for clarity or precision.But writers who are aware of the critical controversy face a more delicate decision.Some will simply flout the rule,seeing no reason that they should be deprived of a useful construction.Others may choose to avoid the usage,whether they are motivated by discretion or civility. ·Like other sentence adverbs such asbluntly and happily, hopefully may occasionally be ambiguous. In the sentenceHopefully, the company has launched a new venture, the word hopefully might be construed as describing the point of view of either the speaker or the subject. Such ambiguities can be resolved either by repositioning the adverb (as inThe company has launched the new venture hopefully ) or by choosing a paraphrase ( One may hope that the company has launched the new venture ). 尽管hopefully 的这一用法在30年前首次通用的时候曾是个时兴词， 但对于广大读者来说它早已失去了俚语或矫饰的色彩。屡经证实的对这一用法的接受反映了对其实用性的普遍默认；而且并不存在其他精确的代用词。有人如果说但愿条约能被批准 ， 便是对条约的命运作了充满希望的预测，反之如果有人说我希望 （或 我们希望 或 希望 ) 条约将会被批准 则表达了对其期望之物的大胆声明。 只有后者可以接从句象但这不大可能 。 也许我们本可以期待当这一用法已变得根深蒂固之后， 对hopefully 的一片反对声可稍事平息。 然而，这一用法的流行似乎反而使批评家们更为坚定。在1969年用法调查使用小组的调查中44%的成员接受这一用法；在最近一次的调查中却只有27%的成员接受。（相比之下，60%的人接受mercifully 在句子 幸好，在对手能够给这一边倒的比分再加上一分之前，比赛就结束了 中的类似用法） 但是并没有任何迹象表明调查小组成员正在普遍变得更保守：在同一次调查中小组成员们倾向于接受被一度废除的某些用法，如把contact 和 host 用作动词看来。 似乎hopefully 的用法已经成了一块试金石， 它把对语法和用法怀有浓厚兴趣的作家和保留着他们自己的语言学顾问的广大民众区分开来。那些全然忽视批评家们的蔑视使用hopefully 的人不该受到指责， 因为规则并不来源于任何对清晰和精确的关注。但是意识到了批评界争议的作者们面对着一个更为微妙的决定。有些人干脆违反规则，他们认为没有理由要失去这么一个实用的结构。另外一些人则选择避免这一用法，无论其动机是出于谨慎还是出于礼貌。象许多其它句中副词如bluntly 和 happily一样，hopefully 经常出现歧义。 在下句 Hopefully, the company has launched a new venture 中， hopefully 一词可以解释为记述说话者的观点或者句中主语的观点。 这种歧义可以通过调换副词位置（如公司已经满怀希望地到办了一个新企业 )或选择另一种说法( 有人希望这个公司已经创办了一个新企业 )来消除 〔marathon〕A long-distance race other than a footrace:竞走以外的其它长距离比赛：〔rematch〕A second contest between the same opponents.重赛：在同样的对手之间的第二次比赛〔outfield〕The members of a team playing in the outfield.外场人数：在外场比赛的队员人数〔yank〕yanked the starting pitcher early in the game.比赛开始时迅速启动按扭〔fluff〕They fluffed their chance to participate in the playoffs by losing their last three games.他们因输掉了最后三场比赛而失去了参加加时赛的机会〔luge〕A competition in which these sleds race against a clock.逆时针比赛：这种雪橇逆时针方向的比赛〔titlist〕The holder of a competitive title; a champion:冠军：一项比赛的冠军称号的拥有者；冠军：〔start〕An instance of beginning a game or race:开局：一个项目或比赛开始的场合：〔yacht〕To sail, cruise, or race in a yacht.驾游艇：乘游艇航行、游乐或比赛〔biathlon〕Greek athlon [prize of contest] 希腊语 athlon [比赛奖品] 〔letdown〕The cancellation of the game was a real letdown.比赛取消真是令人失望〔stay〕stayed the week with my parents; stayed the duration of the game.那个星期和父母呆在一起；比赛一直持续〔comeback〕The act of making up a deficit, as in a contest or game.比赛或游戏中的空缺〔handicap〕A race or contest in which advantages or compensations are given different contestants to equalize the chances of winning.障碍赛：在速度方面的比赛或对抗中为了给竞赛者以相同的获胜机会， 给他们规定不同的条件的比赛〔baseball〕A game played with a bat and ball by two opposing teams of nine players, each team playing alternately in the field and at bat, the players at bat having to run a course of four bases laid out in a diamond pattern in order to score.棒球游戏：一种用球棒和球由两队进行的比赛，每队各九个队员，每队在场地内轮流击球，为了得分，击球的球手必须在内场沿着设置有四垒的路线上跑〔carousel〕A tournament in which knights or horsemen engaged in various exercises and races.竞技比武大会：一种大型竞赛，武士或骑士参加各种比赛〔match〕A game or contest in which two or more persons, animals, or teams oppose and compete with each other:比赛，竞赛：两个或更多的人、动物或队彼此互相抗争或竞争的比赛或竞赛：〔workhorse〕A horse that is used for labor rather than for racing or riding.役马：不用于比赛或乘骑而用于劳作的马〔play〕To employ (a player) in a game or position:任用选手担任：在某场比赛或某一位置雇佣（某名选手）：〔frame〕To prearrange (a contest) so as to ensure a desired fraudulent outcome; fix:预先安排，串通：为保证能得到渴望的欺骗性结果而预先安排（比赛）；串通：〔eisteddfod〕An annual competitive festival of Welsh poets and musicians.威尔斯艺术节：一年一度的威尔士诗人、音乐家比赛大会〔orienteering〕A cross-country race in which competitors use a map and compass to find their way through unfamiliar territory.越野识途比赛：一种参赛人在比赛中运用地图和罗盘在不熟悉的地区找到前进道路的越野比赛〔gymkhana〕The place where such an event is held.举行这种比赛的运动场馆〔score〕The total number of points made by each competitor or side in a contest, either final or at a given stage:得分：每个竞赛者或比赛一方决赛或指定的赛程所得的总分： |
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