| 单词 | 比重 |
| 释义 | 〔hydrometer〕An instrument used to determine specific gravity, especially a sealed, graduated tube, weighted at one end, that sinks in a fluid to a depth used as a measure of the fluid's specific gravity.液体比重计：一种用来测量比重的仪器，特别是封口的量杯，一端有重量，将其下沉到一定深度，这个深度用来确定液体的比重〔lithium〕A soft, silvery, highly reactive metallic element that is used as a heat transfer medium, in thermonuclear weapons, and in various alloys, ceramics, and optical forms of glass. Atomic number 3; atomic weight 6.939; melting point 179°C; boiling point 1,317°C; specific gravity 0.534; valence 1. See table at element 锂：一种柔软、银色、极易反应的金属元素，作为导热体用于热核子武器、及各种合金，陶器，和玻璃的光学构造。原子序数3；原子量6.939；熔点179°C；沸点1,317°C；比重0.534；化合价1 参见 element〔neodymium〕A bright, silvery rare-earth metal element, found in monazite and bastnaesite and used for coloring glass and for doping some glass lasers. Atomic number 60; atomic weight 144.24; melting point 1,024°C; boiling point 3,027°C; specific gravity 6.80 or 7.004 (depending on allotropic form); valence 3. See table at element 钕：一种亮银色的稀土金属元素，见于单独在石和氟碳锑矿中存在，用于给玻璃染色和给一些玻光器上色。原子序数60；原子量144.24；熔点1,024°C；沸点是3,027°C；比重6.80或7.004（视同素异形体而不同）；化合价3 参见 element〔radon〕A colorless, radioactive, inert gaseous element formed by the radioactive decay of radium. It is used as a radiation source in radiotherapy and to produce neutrons for research. Its most stable isotope is Rn 222 with a half-life of 3.82 days. Atomic number 86; melting point -71°C; boiling point -61.8°C; specific gravity (solid) 4. See table at element 氡：一种无色、有放射性的惰性气体元素，由镭蜕变产生。在放射疗法中可用作辐射源，在科研中可用于制造中子。它最稳定的同位素是Rn222。半衰期为3.82天。原子序数86；熔点-71°C；沸点-61.8°C；比重（固态）4 参见 element〔niobium〕A silvery, soft, ductile metallic element that occurs chiefly in columbite-tantalite and is used in steel alloys, arc welding, and superconductivity research. Atomic number 41; atomic weight 92.906; melting point 2,468°C; boiling point 4,927°C; specific gravity 8.57; valence 2, 3, 5. See table at element 铌：一种象银的、柔软的、可延展的金属元素，主要存在于铌钽物中，用于钢铁合金、弧形焊接以及超导（电）性研究中。原子序数41；原子量92,906；熔点2,468°C；沸点4,927°C；比重8.57；化合价2,3,5 参见 element〔bismuth〕A white, crystalline, brittle, highly diamagnetic metallic element used in alloys to form sharp castings for objects sensitive to high temperatures and in various low-melting alloys for fire-safety devices. Atomic number 83; atomic weight 208.980; melting point 271.3°C; boiling point 1,560°C; specific gravity 9.747; valence 3, 5. See table at element 铋：白色、晶状、易碎、高度抗磁的金属元素，用于高温敏感物体的合金中，以铸成锋利物件，多种用于防火安全设施的低熔点合金。原子序数83；原子量208.980；熔点271.3°C；沸点1560°C；比重9.747；化合价3,5 参见 element〔europium〕A silvery-white, soft, rare-earth element occurring in monazite and bastnaesite and used to dope lasers and to absorb neutrons in research. Atomic number 63; atomic weight 151.96; melting point 826°C; boiling point 1,439°C; specific gravity 5.259; valence 2, 3. See table at element 铕：存在于独居石和氟碳矿中一种银白色、柔软的稀有金属，在研究中常用于激光器添加剂以吸收中子。原子序数63；原子量151.96；熔点826°C；沸点1,439°C；比重5.259；化合价2,3 参见 element〔phosphorus〕Symbol P A highly reactive, poisonous, nonmetallic element occurring naturally in phosphates, especially apatite, and existing in three allotropic forms, white (or sometimes yellow), red, and black. An essential constituent of protoplasm, it is used in safety matches, pyrotechnics, incendiary shells, and fertilizers and to protect metal surfaces from corrosion. Atomic number 15; atomic weight 30.9738; melting point (white) 44.1°C; boiling point 280°C; specific gravity (white) 1.82; valence 3, 5. See table at element 符号 P 磷：一种易起化学反应的、有毒的非金属元素，常在磷酸盐中天然存在，尤其是磷灰石，以三种同素异形的形式存在，为白色（有时是黄色），红色和黑色，是原生质的基本成分，可用于安全火柴、烟花、燃烧弹和化肥，还可以保护金属表面免于腐蚀。原子序数为15；原子量30.9738；熔点（白色的）为44.1°C；沸点为280°C；比重（白色的）1.82；化合价3,5 参见 element〔cerium〕A lustrous, iron-gray, malleable metallic rare-earth element that occurs chiefly in the minerals monazite and bastnaesite, exists in four allotropic states, is a constituent of lighter flint alloys, and is used in various metallurgical and nuclear applications. Atomic number 58; atomic weight 140.12; melting point 795°C; boiling point 3,468°C; specific gravity 6.67 to 8.23; valence 3, 4. See table at element 铈：一种有光泽、铁灰色、可延展的金属稀土元素，主要存在于独居石和氟碳铈矿中，以四种同素异形体存在，是轻燧石合金的成分，在冶金和核能工业上有多种应用。原子序数58；原子量140.12；熔点795°C；沸点3,468°C；比重6.67至8.23；化合价3,4 参见 element〔chlorine〕A highly irritating, greenish-yellow gaseous halogen, capable of combining with nearly all other elements, produced principally by electrolysis of sodium chloride and used widely to purify water, as a disinfectant and bleaching agent, and in the manufacture of many important compounds including chloroform and carbon tetrachloride. Atomic number 17; atomic weight 35.45; freezing point -100.98°C; boiling point -34.6°C; specific gravity 1.56 (-33.6°C); valence 1, 3, 5, 7. See table at element 氯：一种具有很大刺激性的、几乎能与所有其它元素化合黄绿色气体卤素，主要通过电解氯化纳获得，作为一种消毒及漂白剂广泛用于使水净化，以及用在包括三氯甲烷和四氯化碳在内的许多重要化合物的生产过程中。原子序数为17；原子量为35.45；冰点为零下100.98°C；沸点为零下34.6°C；比重为1.56（零下33.6°C）；化合价1，3，5，7 参见 element〔dysprosium〕A soft, silvery rare-earth element used in nuclear research. Atomic number 66; atomic weight 162.50; melting point 1,407°C; boiling point 2,600°C; specific gravity 8.536; valence 3. See table at element 镝：一种用于核研究的柔软银色稀土元素，原子序数为66；原子重为162.50；熔点1,407°C；沸点2,600°C；特别比重8.536；原子价为3 参见 element〔lead〕Symbol Pb A soft, malleable, ductile, bluish-white, dense metallic element, extracted chiefly from galena and used in containers and pipes for corrosives, solder and type metal, bullets, radiation shielding, paints, and antiknock compounds. Atomic number 82; atomic weight 207.19; melting point 327.5°C; boiling point 1,744°C; specific gravity 11.35; valence 2, 4. See table at element 符号 Pb 铅：一种柔软、有延展性和可锻性的，蓝白色高密度金属元素，主要从方铅矿中提取，用于集装箱、耐腐蚀管道、焊料和字铅、子弹、放射性防护屏、涂料及抗爆化合物。原子序数82；原子量207.19；熔点327.5°C；沸点1,744°C；比重11.35；化合价2或4 参见 element〔holmium〕A relatively soft, malleable, stable rare-earth element occurring in gadolinite, monazite, and other rare-earth minerals. Atomic number 67; atomic weight 164.930; melting point 1,461°C; boiling point 2,600°C; specific gravity 8.803; valence 3. See table at element 钬：一种较软、易锻打且稳定的稀土元素，存于硅铍钇矿、独居石和其他稀土矿中。原子序数67；原子量164.903；熔点1,461°C；沸点2,600°C；比重8.803；化合价3 参见 element〔manganese〕A gray-white or silvery brittle metallic element, occurring in several allotropic forms, found worldwide, especially in the ores pyrolusite and rhodochrosite and in nodules on the ocean floor. It is alloyed with steel to increase strength, hardness, wear resistance, and other properties and with other metals to form highly ferromagnetic materials. Atomic number 25; atomic weight 54.9380; melting point 1,244°C; boiling point 1,962°C; specific gravity 7.21 to 7.44; valence 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7. See table at element 锰：一种呈灰白色或银白色的易脆金属，产生于几种同素异形体中，世界各地均有，尤其盛产于软锰矿、菱锰矿和海底的结核中。它与钢的合金可增加强力、硬度、抗腐蚀力以及其它特性；与其它金属可以合成高铁磁性的材料。原子序数为25；原子量54.9380；熔点1,224°C；沸点1,962°C；比重7.21至7.44；化合价为1,2,3,4,6,7 参见 element〔gold〕Symbol Au A soft, yellow, corrosion-resistant element, the most malleable and ductile metal, occurring in veins and alluvial deposits and recovered by mining or by panning or sluicing. A good thermal and electrical conductor, gold is generally alloyed to increase its strength, and it is used as an international monetary standard, in jewelry, for decoration, and as a plated coating on a wide variety of electrical and mechanical components. Atomic number 79; atomic weight 196.967; melting point 1,063.0°C; boiling point 2,966.0°C; specific gravity 19.32; valence 1, 3. See table at element 符号 Au 黄金：一种软的，黄色的，抗腐蚀的物质，是最具有延展性的金属并能抽成丝，产于矿藏和冲积层中，通过开采或淘砂可以找到它，是热和电的良好导体。黄金中一般掺入其他物质以增加强度，经常被用作衡量国际货币的标准，也被制成珠宝作为装饰品，同时被广泛用作各种电子和机械元件的镀层材料。原子序数79；原子量196.967；熔点1,063.0°C；沸点2,966.0°C；比重19.32；化合价为1，3 参见 element〔tungsten〕A hard, brittle, corrosion-resistant, gray to white metallic element extracted from wolframite, scheelite, and other minerals, having the highest melting point and lowest vapor pressure of any metal. Tungsten and its alloys are used in high-temperature structural materials; in electrical elements, notably lamp filaments; and in instruments requiring thermally compatible glass-to-metal seals. Atomic number 74; atomic weight 183.85; melting point 3,410°C; boiling point 5,900°C; specific gravity 19.3 (20°C); valence 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Also called wolfram See table at element 钨：一种坚硬、易碎 、耐腐蚀的金属元素，颜色从灰到白，主要从黑钨矿、白钨矿和其它矿物中提取出来，它是所有金属中熔点最高，气压最低的金属。钨及钨合金可用于耐温的建筑材料；电子元件，主要是白炽灯丝；以及要求热度上兼容的玻璃至金属的密封装置的仪器。原子序数74；原子量183.85；熔点3,410°C；沸点5,900°C；比重19.3(20°C)；原子价2,3,4,5,6 也作 wolfram 参见 element〔scandium〕A silvery-white metallic element found in various rare minerals and separated as a byproduct in the processing of certain uranium ores. An artificially produced radioactive isotope is used as a tracer in studies of oil wells and pipelines. Atomic number 21; atomic weight 44.956; melting point 1,540°C; boiling point 2,850°C; specific gravity 2.99; valence 3. See table at element 钪：一种发现于许多稀有矿物中的银白色金属元素，是某种铀矿加工过程中分离出的副产品，人造放射性同位素被用作油井和油气管道的探测剂。原子序数21；原子量44.956；熔点1,540°C；沸点2,850°C；比重2.99；化合价3 参见 element〔barium〕A soft, silvery-white alkaline-earth metal, used to deoxidize copper and in various alloys. Atomic number 56; atomic weight 137.34; melting point 725°C; boiling point 1,140°C; specific gravity 3.50; valence 2. See table at element 钡：一种柔软，银白色的碱土金属，用来还原铜并用于各种合金。原子序数56；原子量137.34；熔点725°C；沸点1,140°C；比重3.50；化合价2 参见 element〔iodine〕A lustrous, grayish-black, corrosive, poisonous halogen element having radioactive isotopes, especially I 131, used as a medical tracer and in thyroid disease diagnosis and therapy. Iodine compounds are used as germicides, antiseptics, and dyes. Atomic number 53; atomic weight 126.9044; melting point 113.5°C; boiling point 184.35°C; specific gravity (solid, at 20°C) 4.93; valence 1, 3, 5, 7. See table at element 碘：一种有光泽的，灰黑色，具有腐蚀性的，有毒的卤元素，有放射性同位素，特别是碘131，被用作医疗上的显迹物和诊断、医治甲状腺疾病。碘化合物被用作杀菌剂、抗感染剂和染料。原子序数53；原子重量126.9044；熔点113.5°C；沸点184.35°C；比重（固体，在20°C时）4.93；化合价1，3，5，7 参见 element〔density〕The mass per unit volume of a substance under specified conditions of pressure and temperature.比重：在特定压力和温度条件下某物质单位体积的质量〔calcium〕A silvery, moderately hard metallic element that constitutes approximately 3 percent of the earth's crust and is a basic component of most animals and plants. It occurs naturally in limestone, gypsum, and fluorite, and its compounds are used to make plaster, quicklime, Portland cement, and metallurgic and electronic materials. Atomic number 20; atomic weight 40.08; melting point 842 to 848°C; boiling point 1,487°C; specific gravity 1.55; valence 2. See table at element 钙：一种银色的、硬度适中的金属元素，约占地壳中各种元素的百分之三，是多数动物和植物的基本组成物之一。自然存在于石灰石、石膏、氟石以及其它化合物之中，用于制造石膏、生石灰、硅酸盐水泥以及冶金和电子材料。原子序数20；原子量40.08；熔点842到848度；沸点1,487度；比重1.55；化学价2 参见 element〔gravimeter〕An instrument used to measure specific gravity.比重计：用于测量比重的仪器〔sodium〕A soft, light, extremely malleable silver-white metallic element that reacts explosively with water, is naturally abundant in combined forms, especially in common salt, and is used in the production of a wide variety of industrially important compounds. Atomic number 11; atomic weight 22.99; melting point 97.8°C; boiling point 892°C; specific gravity 0.971; valence 1. See table at element 钠：一种软、轻、极有伸展性的银白色金属元素，和水起爆炸反应，化合的形式较丰富，尤其是以普通盐的形式存在，在很多种重要的工业化合产品的生产中得到广泛应用。原子序数11；原子量22.99；熔点97.8°C；沸点892°C；比重0.971；原子价1 参见 element〔yttrium〕A silvery metallic element, not a rare earth but occurring in nearly all rare-earth minerals, used in various metallurgical applications, notably to increase the strength of magnesium and aluminum alloys. Atomic number 39; atomic weight 88.905; melting point 1,522°C; boiling point 3,338°C; specific gravity 4.45 (25°C); valence 3. See table at element 钇：一种银色金属元素，不是稀土但几乎存在于所有的稀土物质中，用于各种冶金的运用中，可显著提高镁铝合金的强度。原子序数39；原子量88.905；熔点1,522°C；沸点3,338°C；比重4.45（在25°C时）；化合价3 参见 element〔potassium〕A soft, silver-white, highly or explosively reactive metallic element that occurs in nature only in compounds. It is obtained by electrolysis of its common hydroxide and found in, or converted to, a wide variety of salts used especially in fertilizers and soaps. Atomic number 19; atomic weight 39.102; melting point 63.65°C; boiling point 774°C; specific gravity 0.862; valence 1. See table at element 钾：只以化合物形式存在的柔软的，银白色的，极为活泼的金属元素。这种元素通过将其常见的氢氧化物进行电解而得到，存在于或转化成各种各样的盐，这些盐尤用于制造化肥及肥皂。原子序数为19；原子量39.102；熔点63.65°C；沸点774°C；比重为0.862；原子价为1 参见 element〔gadolinium〕A silvery-white, malleable, ductile, metallic rare-earth element obtained from monazite and bastnaesite and used in improving high-temperature characteristics of iron, chromium, and related alloys. Atomic number 64; atomic weight 157.25; melting point 1,312°C; boiling point approximately 3,000°C; specific gravity from 7.8 to 7.896; valence 3. See table at element 钆：一种从独居石和氟碳铈矿中获得的银白色、有韧性和延展性的稀金属元素，用于改善铁铬及有关合金的高温状态下的性能。原子序数为64；原子量为157.25；熔点为1,312°C；沸点约为3,000°C；比重为7.8至7.896；化合价为3 参见 element〔actinium〕A radioactive element found in uranium ores, used in equilibrium with its decay products as a source of alpha rays. Its longest lived isotope is Ac 227 with a half-life of 21.7 years. Atomic number 89; melting point 1,050°C; boiling point (estimated) 3,200°C; specific gravity (calculated) 10.07; valence 3. See table at element 锕：一种在铀矿中发现的放射性元素，作为阿尔法射线能源增入点用于与其衰变产物的平衡过程中，其最长的活同位素是半衰期为21.7年的锕227。原子序数为89；熔点为1,050摄氏度；（估计的）沸点为3,200摄氏度；（计算出的）比重为10.07；原子价为3 参见 element〔lanthanum〕A soft, silvery-white, malleable, ductile, metallic rare-earth element, obtained chiefly from monazite and bastnaesite and used in glass manufacture and with other rare earths in carbon lights for movie and television studio lighting. Atomic number 57; atomic weight 138.91; melting point 920°C; boiling point 3,469°C; specific gravity 5.98 to 6.186; valence 3. See table at element 镧：一种质软、银白色、有延展性的、可塑性的稀有金属，主要是从独居石和氟碳铈矿中提取出来，用于玻璃工业及电影或电视摄影照明的碳棒灯中。原子序数57；原子量138.91；熔点920°C；沸点3,496°C；比重5.98到6.186；原子价3 参见 element〔thallium〕A soft, malleable, highly toxic metallic element, used in photocells, infrared detectors, low-melting glass, and formerly in rodent and ant poisons. Atomic number 81; atomic weight 204.37; melting point 303.5°C; boiling point 1,457°C; specific gravity 11.85; valence 1, 3. See table at element 铊：柔轻的可延展的剧毒金属元素，用于光电池、红外检测器、低熔玻璃，从前用于田鼠和蚂蚁的毒药。原子序数81；原子量204.37；熔点303.5°C；沸点1,457°C；比重11.85；化合价1或3 参见 element〔magnesium〕A light, silvery-white, moderately hard metallic element that in ribbon or powder form burns with a brilliant white flame. It is used in structural alloys, pyrotechnics, flash photography, and incendiary bombs. Atomic number 12; atomic weight 24.312; melting point 649°C; boiling point 1,090°C; specific gravity 1.74 (at 20°C); valence 2. See table at element 镁：一种质轻、银白色的成条状或粉状的中性硬度金属元素，燃烧时有很亮的白色火焰。用于建筑方面的合金、焰火、闪光灯或燃烧弹。原子序号12；原子量24.312；熔点649°C；沸点1,090°C；比重1.74(20°C时）；原子价2 参见 element〔copper〕Symbol Cu A ductile, malleable, reddish-brown metallic element that is an excellent conductor of heat and electricity and is widely used for electrical wiring, water piping, and corrosion-resistant parts, either pure or in alloys such as brass and bronze. Atomic number 29; atomic weight 63.54; melting point 1,083°C; boiling point 2,595°C; specific gravity 8.96; valence 1, 2. See table at element 符号 Cu 铜：一种有韧性、可延展的红棕色金属元素，是热和电的极好导体，广泛用于电线、水管及防腐蚀零件中，其形式可以是纯铜也可以是黄铜或青铜合金。原子序数为29；原子量为63.54；熔点1,083°C；沸点2,595°C；比重8.96；原子价为1,2 参见 element〔uranium〕A heavy silvery-white metallic element, radioactive and toxic, easily oxidized, and having 14 known isotopes of which U 238 is the most abundant in nature. The element occurs in several minerals, including uraninite and carnotite, from which it is extracted and processed for use in research, nuclear fuels, and nuclear weapons. Atomic number 92; atomic weight 238.03; melting point 1,132°C; boiling point 3,818°C; specific gravity 18.95; valence 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. See table at element 铀：银白色的重金属元素，有放射性并且有毒，容易被氧化。已知有14个同位素，其中U238是自然界含量最多的。这种元素存在如沥青铀矿和钒钾铀矿等几种矿中，并从中提炼和加工，主要用于研究，核燃料和核武器。原子序数为92；原子量为238.03；熔点为1,132°C；沸点3,818°C；比重18.95；化合价2，3，4，5，6 参见 element〔astatine〕A highly unstable radioactive element, the heaviest of the halogen series, that resembles iodine in solution. Its longest lived isotope has a mass number of 210 and has a half-life of 8.3 hours. Atomic number 85; melting point 302°C; boiling point 337°C; valence probably 1, 3, 5, 7. See table at element 砹：极不稳定放射性元素，在卤族元素比重最大，在溶解状态与碘相象，它最长周期的同位素原子量为210，半衰期为8.3小时。原子序数85；溶点302°C；沸点337°C；化合价可能为1、3、5、7 参见 element〔strontium〕A soft, silvery, easily oxidized metallic element that ignites spontaneously in air when finely divided. Strontium is used in pyrotechnic compounds and various alloys. Atomic number 38; atomic weight 87.62; melting point 769°C; boiling point 1,384°C; specific gravity 2.54; valence 2. See table at element 锶：一种银色易氧化的软金属，被分割时能在空气中自燃。锶被用于烟火材料的复合物和各种合金。原子序数为38；原子量为87.62；熔点为769°C；沸点为1,384°C；比重为2.54；化合价为2 参见 element〔terbium〕A soft, silvery-gray metallic rare-earth element, used in x-ray and color television tubes. Atomic number 65; atomic weight 158.924; melting point 1,356°C; boiling point 3,123°C; specific gravity 8.229; valence 3, 4. See table at element 铽：一种银灰色的软金属性稀土元素，用于X光射线和彩色显像管中。原子序数65；原子重量158.924；熔点1,356°C；沸点3,123°C；比重8.229；化合价3,4 参见 element〔lutetium〕A silvery-white rare-earth element that is exceptionally difficult to separate from the other rare-earth elements, used in nuclear technology. Atomic number 71; atomic weight 174.97; melting point 1,663°C; boiling point 3,395°C; specific gravity 9.840 (at 25°C); valence 3. See table at element 镥：一种很难从其它稀有元素中分离出来的用于核技术的银白色稀有元素。原子序数71；原子重量174.97；熔点1,663°C；沸点3,395°C；比重9.840（温度25°C时）；化合价3 参见 element〔ytterbium〕A soft, bright, silvery rare-earth element occurring in two allotropic forms and used as an x-ray source for portable irradiation devices, in some laser materials, and in some special alloys. Atomic number 70; atomic weight 173.04; melting point 824°C; boiling point 1,196°C; specific gravity 6.972 or 6.54 (25°C) depending on allotropic form; valence 2, 3. See table at element 镱：一种柔软、明亮的银色稀土元素，存在于两种同素异形体中，被用作便携式的放射线治疗设备的X射线源，也用于一些激光物质和特殊合金中。原子序数70；原子量173.04；熔点824°C；沸点1,196°C；比重依两种同素形体6.972或6.54(25°C)；化合价2,3 参见 element〔technetium〕A silvery-gray radioactive metal, the first synthetically produced element, having 14 isotopes with masses ranging from 92 to 105 and half-lives up to 2.6×106 years. It is used as a tracer and to eliminate corrosion in steel. Atomic number 43; melting point 2,200°C; specific gravity 11.50; valence 0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7. See table at element 锝：一种银灰色放射性金属，是第一个人工合成的元素，有十四个原子量从92到105且半衰期高达2.6×106年的同位素。用作放射追踪剂并可消除钢铁腐蚀现象。原子序数43；熔点2,200°C；比重11.50；原子价0, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7 参见 element〔praseodymium〕A soft, silvery, malleable, ductile rare-earth element that develops a characteristic green tarnish in air. It occurs naturally with other rare earths in monazite and is used to color glass and ceramics yellow, as a core material for carbon arcs, and in metallic alloys. Atomic number 59; atomic weight 140.907; melting point 935°C; boiling point 3,127°C; specific gravity 6.8; valence 3, 4. See table at element 镨：一种银色、柔软、可延展的粘性稀土元素，在空气中能形成绿色失泽膜，在自然界中它与其它稀土元素一同存在于独居石中，用于彩色玻璃和陶器黄色颜料，是炭精电弧的核心材料，并用于金属合金。原子序数59；原子量140.907；熔点935°C；沸点3,127°C；比重6.8；化合价3,4 参见 element〔germanium〕A brittle, crystalline, gray-white metalloid element, widely used as a semiconductor, as an alloying agent and catalyst, and in certain optical glasses. Atomic number 32; atomic weight 72.59; melting point 937.4°C; boiling point 2,830°C; specific gravity 5.323 (at 25°C); valence 2, 4. See table at element 锗：一种银白色的脆而透明的金属元素，被广泛用作半导体，可作一种合成剂和催化剂，还被用在光学玻璃中。原子序数32；原子量72.59；熔点937.4°C；沸点2,830°C；比重5.323（在25°C时）；化合价2，4 参见 element |
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