| 单词 | 毫无 |
| 释义 | 〔obliterate〕To do away with completely so as to leave no trace.See Synonyms at abolish 废除：完全废除，使毫无痕迹 参见 abolish〔pure〕Of unmixed blood or ancestry.纯种的：具有毫无混杂的血统或祖先的〔sensuous〕"Of music Dr. Johnson used to say that it was the only sensual pleasure without vice" (William Seward).“音乐博士约翰逊曾说，那只是毫无罪恶的性快感” （威廉·西活德）。〔lay〕Muggers lay for the unsuspecting pedestrian in the dark alley.拦路抢劫者等候在黑暗的小巷中准备袭击那些毫无防范的行人〔passionless〕a rather passionless plea for clemency.毫无感情的请求宽容〔baseless〕unfounded suspicions;毫无依据的怀疑；〔iota〕not an iota of truth to that tale.那个故事毫无真实可言〔but〕There is no doubt but right will prevail.毫无否定疑问，正义将取得胜利〔easy〕Capable of being accomplished or done with no difficulty.轻易地：不费劲地办成或毫无困难地做〔obedient〕Submissive implies an inclination or a willingness to submit without resistance and sometimes with deference to the control of another: Submissive 暗示一种毫无反抗的屈服，而且有时对他人的控制怀有敬意的屈服倾向或意愿： 〔destroy〕"In crowded populations, poverty destroys the possibility of cleanliness"(George Bernard Shaw)“在人口拥挤的地方，贫困使清洁毫无可能”(乔治·萧伯纳)〔profuse〕The central meaning shared by these adjectives is "given with, giving with, or marked by unrestrained abundance": 这些形容词共有的中心意思是“毫无限制的大量给予或被给予或以大量不受限制为特征的”： 〔servitude〕 Bondage emphasizes being bound to the service of another with virtually no hope of freedom: Bondage 强调必然为他人服务而实质上毫无自由的可能： 〔automatism〕Mechanical, seemingly aimless behavior characteristic of various mental disorders.自动症：由各种神经疾病引起的机械的，毫无目的的行为特征〔surprise〕To cause to feel wonder, astonishment, or amazement, as at something unanticipated.使感到惊讶：使感到对毫无预料的事情的好奇、惊讶或惊愕〔fidelity〕"I know no South, no North, no East, no West, to which I owe any allegiance. . . . The Union, Sir, is my country" (Henry Clay).“我不知道什么东西南北，对这些我毫无职责可言…只有美国，先生，才是我的祖国” （亨利·克莱）。〔no〕Not any; not one; not a:毫无：没有任何；没有一个；没有：〔tumbleset〕The Lower Southern wordtumbleset for somersault combines tumble with -set, which at first glanceseems not to have any relationship to-sault in somersault. However,-set is an old l -less variant of -sault (from Latin saltus, "a leap") that has been an alternative pronunciation throughout the word's history;hence, the variantsomerset. Somer- is an alteration of Old French sobre-, from Latin supra, "over.” In the wordtumbleset, as in a folk etymology, somer-, part of a compound word that no longer bears any meaning for the speakers, has been replaced bytumble, a word that makes more sense in the context. 替代somersault 一词的下南部词 tumbleset 是 tumble 和 -set 的组合。 乍一看，后缀-set好象与somersaut 中的 -sault 毫无联系。 然而，-set 却是不带 l 的 -sault （来自拉丁语 saltus ，“跳跃”，）的古老变体， 并一直是该词的替代读音；于是便有了somerset 这一变体。 somer- 是来自拉丁语 supra （“越过”）的古法语 sobre- 的变体。 就象在通俗语源学中一样，在tumbleset 一词中， somer- 作为不再为讲话者表达任何意义的复合词的一部分， 已经被一个在上下之中有更多意义的词tumble 所替代 〔blend〕"He has no difficulty blending his two writing careers: novels and films"(Charles E. Claffey)“他毫无困难地把两种写作专业——小说和电影结合在一起”(查尔斯E.克拉弗)〔dry〕a mind dry of new ideas.毫无新思想的头脑〔hit〕The storm hit without warning.风暴毫无预兆地来临〔putdownable〕So poorly written and unentertaining as to be easily put down. Used especially of a book.写得很糟的，毫无娱乐价值的，轻易被放弃的，尤指书籍〔gambit〕Critics familiar with the nature of chess gambitshave sometimes maintained that the word should not be used in an extended sense except to refer to maneuvers that involve the tactical sacrifice of some advantage.Butgambit is well established in the general sense of "maneuver" and in the related sense of "a remark intended to open a conversation,” which usually carries no implication of sacrifice.通晓国际象棋中开局让棋实质的批评家们，有时坚持这个词除了指为获得一定利益而进行策略性牺牲的计谋外，不可用于扩展的意义。但是gambit 的一般性含义“策略”已成既定模式， 其在表示“为了打开话题而说的话语”中的相关意义通常与牺牲毫无关联〔horse〕To continue to pursue a cause that has no hope of success.徒劳：继续做一件毫无成功希望的事情〔argufy〕To argue aimlessly; wrangle.See Regional Note at absquatulate 争吵：毫无目的的争论；争吵 参见 absquatulate〔bundle〕To dispatch or dispense of quickly and with little fuss; hustle:把…匆忙撵走：毫无困难很快地逐出或挤出；挤推：〔percentage〕There is no percentage in work without pay.不支付薪水的工作毫无利益可言〔royal〕A way or method that presents no difficulties:捷径：毫无困难的方法或方式：〔frump〕A person regarded as colorless and primly sedate.毫无情调且乏味的人〔macabre〕The wordmacabre is an excellent example of a word formed with reference to a specific context that has long since disappeared for everyone but scholars. Macabre is first recorded in the phrase Macabrees daunce in a work written around 1430 by John Lydgate. Lydgate expressed it so because he thoughtMacabree was a French author, although he was actually dealing with the Old French phraseDanse Macabre, "the Dance of Death,” a subject of art and literature.In this dance,Death leads people of all classes and walks of life to the same final end.Themacabre element is thought by some to be an alteration of Macabe , "a Maccabee.” The Maccabees were Jewish martyrswho were honored by a feast throughout the Western Church,and reverence for them was linked to reverence for the dead.One of the biblical books of Maccabees also contains a passage (II Maccabees 12:43-45) mentioning sacrifices for the dead and their future resurrection,which has been used to defend the doctrine of Purgatory.Todaymacabre has no connection with the Maccabees and little connection with the Dance of Death,but it still has to do with death.单词macabre 是一个极好的例子，创造该词的来龙去脉除了学者之外早已被世人所遗忘。 Macabre 最早见于短语 Macabrees daunce 是在1430年前后约翰·利德盖特写的一本书中。 利德盖特这样表达是因为他认为Macabree 是源于法语的词， 实际上他指的是一个古老的法语短语Danse Macabre， “死神之舞，” 一个艺术与文学的主题。在这个舞蹈中，死神把各种各样的人带到了同一个终点。有人认为macabre 是 Macabe 的变体，“马加比人”。 马加比们就是那些犹太殉道者，在天主教会中通过节日表达对他们的敬意，对他们的尊敬和对死的敬畏是联系在一起的。基督教典籍中关于马加比人的书中有一段文字（Ⅱ马加比人12:43-45)提到对死者的祭祀和他们未来的复活，这段文字被用来捍卫关于炼狱的教义。今天macabre 与马加比人毫无联系， 与死神之舞相关甚少，但它仍与死亡有关〔exact〕Strictly and completely in accord with fact; not deviating from truth or reality:准确的，确切的：严格并完全地按照事实的；与真理或现实毫无偏离的：〔parameter〕In recent yearsparameter has become the archetype for the borrowing of scientific terms into general usage and as such has occasioned a good deal of skeptical comment.Some of its new uses can be justified as useful extensions of the technical senses of the word.For example, the provisions of a zoning ordinance that limit the height or density of new construction can be reasonably likened to mathematical parameters that establish the limits of other variables.Therefore one can properly sayThe zoning commission announced new planning parameters for the historic Lamping district of the city. But other uses suggest that the writer has not understood the technical senseand has chosen it primarily as a way of injecting an aura of scientific precision into what would otherwise be a pedestrian communication.Thus there is no semantic justification for usingparameter as a general substitute for characteristic, as inThe Judeo-Christian ethic is one of the important parameters of Western culture, an example found unacceptable by 80 percent of the Usage Panel. ·Some of the difficulties with nontechnical use ofparameter appear to arise from its resemblance to the word perimeter, with which it shares the sense "limit,” though the two words differ in their precise meaning.This confusion doubtless explains the use ofparameter in a sentence such as U.S. forces report that the parameters of the mine area in the Gulf are fairly well established, where the wordperimeter would have expressed the intended sense more exactly. This example of a use ofparameter was unacceptable to 61 percent of the Usage Panel. 近些年来，parameter 已成为一个从科技术语借用到普通用法的原形， 同时也引起了大量的怀疑批评。它的某些新用法可被看作是该词科技含义的有益扩展。例如，某一区域性法规中关于新建筑高度或密度的条文能被合理地与制定其它变量限度的数学参量进行比较。因而，人们当然可以说地区委员会公布了历史上该城有名的灯区新计划方案 。 但其它的一些用法说明说话人还没有理解它的科技含义，并且选用了这个词主要作为给将是普通交流的东西注入一些精确的科学气息的途径。因此，用parameter 作为 characteristic 的一般等价词毫无语义上的合理性， 如在犹太教与基督教的道德规范是西方文化中重要的限制因素 ， 是80%的用法小组成员不接受的例子。Parameter 的非科技运用中的一些难点是由于它与 perimeter 都有“限制”的含义造成的， 尽管两个词的确切含义是不相同的。这种混淆无疑解释了parameter 在例如 美军报告说，海湾地雷区的环形防线设置得相当不错 的句子中的运用， 这里perimeter 可能会更确切地表达这种引申含义。 61%的用法小组成员不接受这个运用parameter 的例子 〔enmity〕parting without rancor.毫无积怨地分手。〔pretense〕Mere show without reality; outward appearance.空洞：只是卖弄而毫无实质内容；外在的表现〔dysteleology〕The doctrine of purposelessness in nature.无目的论：认为自然界毫无目的可言的理论〔gaffe〕"The excursion had in his eyes been a monstrous gaffe, a breach of sensibility and good taste"(Mary McCarthy)“那次谈话中的离题在他看来太出丑了，简直就是失去理智后的胡言乱语，毫无高尚趣味可言”(玛丽·麦卡锡)〔lick〕A superficial effort made without care or enthusiasm.草率的努力：草率地或毫无热情地做出的表面上的努力〔cot〕People might assume that there is nothing particularly exotic about the history of the wordcot. However,cot happens to be a good example of how words are borrowed from other cultures, becoming so firmly naturalized over time that they lose their émigré flavor. The British first encountered the object denoted bycot, a light frame strung with tapes or rope, in India, where their trading stations had been established as early as 1612.The wordcot, first recorded in English in 1634, comes fromkhāṭ, the Hindi name for the contrivance. During subsequent years,cot has been used to denote other types of beds, including in British usage a crib.人们也许会认为cot 这个词的词源毫无特别的异国情调， 但是cot 恰巧是这样一个好的例子——从别的文化中借来又变得如此根深蒂固，以致于随着时间推移其丢失了外来语的味道。 英国人首先遇到这种叫做cot 的穿有带子和绳子的框架是在印度， 他们早在1612年就在那里建了贸易站。单词cot 在英语中首先记录于1634年， 由印度语中表示这个东西的词khat 而来。 在以后的岁月中，cot 已被用来指其他类型的床， 包括英国表示摇篮的用法〔easy〕Capable of being accomplished or acquired with ease; posing no difficulty:容易的，简单的：能够轻易地被完成或者得到的；毫无困难的：〔cut〕To speak or act without restraint:口无遮拦：毫无限制地说或做： |
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