| 单词 | 氨基酸 |
| 释义 | 〔missense〕A section within a strand of messenger RNA containing a codon altered through mutation so that it codes for a different amino acid.错义：一个RNA螺旋体中包含的一个因突变而改变密码子的部分，它能编码成为另一种不同的氨基酸〔gluconeogenesis〕The formation of glucose, especially by the liver, from noncarbohydrate sources, such as amino acids and the glycerol portion of fats.糖质新生：葡萄糖的形成，尤指通过肝脏从非碳水化合物如氨基酸和丙三醇中形成〔tryptophan〕An essential amino acid, C11H 12N 2O 2, formed from proteins during the digestive process by the action of proteolytic enzymes. 色氨酸：一种重要的氨基酸，C11H 12N 2O 2，在消化过程中，通过蛋白水解作用酶的运动而由蛋白质形成 〔chymotrypsin〕A pancreatic digestive enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of certain proteins in the small intestine into polypeptides and amino acids.胰凝乳蛋白酶：胰消化酶，在小肠中催化某些蛋白质水解形成多肽和氨基酸〔valine〕An essential amino acid, C5H 11NO 2. 缬氨酸：一种基本的氨基酸，C5H 11NO 2 〔peptidase〕An enzyme that hydrolyzes peptides into amino acids.肽酶：催化肽水解变成氨基酸的酶〔posttranslational〕a posttranslational amino acid.转译后的氨基酸〔asparagine〕A crystalline amino acid, C4H 8N 2O 3, found in many plants, that is easily hydrolyzed to aspartic acid. 天门冬醯胺酸：一种晶体氨基酸，分子式为C4H 8N 2O 3，许多植物里都有，易于水解为天门冬胺酸 〔dipeptide〕A peptide that, on hydrolysis, yields two amino acid molecules.二肽：水解时产生两个分子氨基酸的肽〔chemotaxonomy〕Classification of organisms based on differences at the biochemical level, especially in the amino acid sequences of common proteins. Also called chemosystematics 化学分类学：基于生化层次上的差异对生物的分类，尤指按照在普通蛋白质的氨基酸顺序上的差异 也作 chemosystematics〔leucine〕An essential amino acid, C4H 9CH(NH 2)COOH, derived from the hydrolysis of protein by pancreatic enzymes during digestion and necessary for optimal growth in infants and children and for the maintenance of nitrogen balance in adults. 亮氨酸：一种重要的氨基酸，C4H 9CH(NH 2)COOH，由胰酶在消化过程中从蛋白质的水解作用中分离出来，对婴幼儿良好的生长发育及成人保持氮平衡十分必要 〔ornithine〕An amino acid, C5H 12N 2O 2, formed by hydrolyzing arginine and important in the formation of urea. 鸟氨酸：一种由精氨酸水解而成的并在尿素合成中起重要作用的氨基酸，C5H 12N 2O 2 〔phenylalanine〕An essential amino acid, C6H 5CH 2CH(NH 2)COOH, that occurs as a constituent of many proteins and is normally converted to tyrosine in the human body. It is necessary for growth in infants and for nitrogen equilibrium in adults. 苯丙氨酸：一种基本的氨基酸，C6H 5CH 2CH(NH 2)COOH，是许多蛋白质的组成成分，通常在人体内常转变为酪氨酸。它是婴儿成长和成人的氮平衡所必需的 〔exopeptidase〕Any of a group of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of single amino acids from the end of a polypeptide chain.链肽端解酶：能使肽链末端氨基酸形成的肽键水解的一组酶之一〔carboxypeptidase〕An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a terminal amino acid from the end of a peptide or polypeptide that contains a free carboxyl group.羧肽酶：一种酶，在含有游离羧基肽或多肽的末端水解氨基酸过程中起催化作用〔threonine〕A colorless crystalline amino acid, C4H 9NO 3, that is derived from the hydrolysis of protein and is an essential component of human nutrition. 苏氨酸：一种由蛋白质水解而成的无色晶状氨基酸C4H 9NO 3，是人类必需的营养成分 〔Sanger〕British biochemist. He won a 1958 Nobel Prize for determining the order of amino acids in the insulin molecule and shared a 1980 Nobel Prize for developing methods for mapping the structure and function of DNA.桑格，弗雷德里克：(生于 1918) 英国生化学家，因为确定了胰岛素中的氨基酸顺序而获得1958年诺贝尔奖，又于1980年因改进了记录DNA结构与功能的方法再获诺贝尔奖〔pyridoxal〕An aldehyde, C8H 9NO 3, one of several active forms of pyridoxine, important in amino acid synthesis. 吡哆醛：醛C8H 9NO 3,吡哆醇的几种活跃的形式中的一种，在氨基酸的合成过程中起重要作用 〔protein〕Any of a group of complex organic macromolecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually sulfur and are composed of one or more chains of amino acids. Proteins are fundamental components of all living cells and include many substances, such as enzymes, hormones, and antibodies, that are necessary for the proper functioning of an organism. They are essential in the diet of animals for the growth and repair of tissue and can be obtained from foods such as meat, fish, eggs, milk, and legumes.蛋白质：一种复杂的有机体大分子的组合，含有碳、氢、氧、氮，通常还有硫，由一个或多个氨基酸链构成蛋白质，是所有生命细胞的基本组成部分，它包含许多物质，比如酶、荷尔蒙和抗体，这些物质都是有机体正常活动所必需的，蛋白质是动物膳食的必需成份，对成长和组织发育至关重要，它可从肉类鱼、鸡蛋、牛奶和豆类食品中的摄取〔pentapeptide〕A polypeptide composed of five amino acids.由五个氨基酸构成的多肽〔glycine〕A sweet-tasting crystalline nonessential amino acid, C2H 5NO 2, that is the principal amino acid occurring in sugar cane. It is derived from the alkaline hydrolysis of gelatin and used in biochemical research and medicine. 甘氨酸：一种甜的结晶状氨基酸，C2H 5NO 2，是甘蔗中基本的氨基酸，由明胶的碱性水解获得，用于生物化学研究和医学 〔anticodon〕A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides in transfer RNA designating a specific amino acid that binds to a corresponding codon in messenger RNA during protein synthesis.反密码子：在蛋白质合成过程中，传送者RNA中的相关密码子与某种氨基酸结合，在传送RNA过程中出现的三个相邻的核苷酸序列〔prostaglandin〕Any of a group of hormonelike substances produced in various mammalian tissues that are derived from amino acids and mediate a wide range of physiological functions, such as metabolism, smooth muscle activity, and nerve transmission.前列腺素：任一种产生于哺乳动物组织中的一组类似荷尔蒙的物质，由氨基酸生成，调节着一个很大范围的生理活动及神经传送〔peptide〕Any of various natural or synthetic compounds containing two or more amino acids linked by the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another.肽：一种自然或人工的合成物，包括二个或二个以上氨基酸，通过一个氨基酸的酸基和另一个的羧基结合而成〔codon〕A sequence of three adjacent nucleotides constituting the genetic code that specifies the insertion of an amino acid in a specific structural position in a polypeptide chain during protein synthesis.密码子：组成基因密码的三个相邻核苷酸的顺序，在蛋白质合成时它指定在多肽规定结构位置引入氨基酸〔exon〕A nucleotide sequence in DNA that carries the code for the final messenger RNA molecule and thus defines the amino acid sequence during protein synthesis.编码顺序：DNA中的核苷酸序列，为最终的信息传递者RNA分子携带编码并在蛋白质合成中确定氨基酸范围〔proteinoid〕A proteinlike polypeptide formed abiotically from amino acid mixtures in the presence of heat, thought to resemble early evolutionary forms of protein.类蛋白质：一种类似蛋白质的多肽，由氨基酸混合物受热后以无生命的形式形成，人们认为它类似于蛋白质进化过程中的早期阶段〔degenerate〕Having more than one codon specify the same amino acid. Used of a genetic code.兼并密码子的：有不止一个密码子来指定同样的氨基酸。用于一种遗传基因〔degenerate〕Coding for the same amino acid as another codon.变质密码子的：为作为另一个密码子的同样的氨基酸编密码的〔serine〕An amino acid, CH2OHCH(NH 2)COOH, that is a common constituent of many proteins. 丝氨酸：一种氨基酸，CH2OHCH(NH 2)COOH，是许多蛋白质的常见成分 〔isoleucine〕An essential amino acid, C6H 13NO 2, that is isomeric with leucine. 异亮氨酸：重要的氨基酸，C6H 13NO 2，为亮氨酸的同分异构体 〔glutamine〕A nonessential amino acid, C5H 10N 2O 3, occurring widely in plant and animal tissue and produced commercially for use in medicine and biochemical research. 谷酰胺：一种非必需的氨基酸，C5H 10N 2O 3，大量的含于动植物组织，大量生产用于医药和生化研究 〔tyrosine〕A white crystalline amino acid, C9H 11NO 3, that is derived from the hydrolysis of proteins such as casein and is a precursor of epinephrine, thyroxine, and melanin. 酪氨酸：一种白色晶体状氨基酸，C9H 11NO 3，从酪蛋白等蛋白质的水解中产生，是肾上腺素、甲状腺素、黑色素的母体 〔galactosamine〕An amino-acid derivative of galactose.半乳糖胺：半乳糖的一种氨基酸衍生物〔erepsin〕An enzyme complex found in intestinal and pancreatic juices that functions in the breakdown of polypeptides into amino acids.肠肽酶：肠内分泌物和胰液中的一种酶合成物，在将多肽分裂成氨基酸的过程中起作用〔tripeptide〕A peptide containing three amino acids.三肽：含有三个氨基酸的肽〔pyridoxine〕A pyridine derivative, C18H 11NO 3, occurring especially in cereals, yeast, liver, and fish and serving as a coenzyme in amino acid synthesis. Also called vitamin B 6 吡哆醇：吡啶的衍生物，C18H 11NO 3，尤其出现于谷类，酵母，肝脏和鳞中，作为氨基酸合成作用中的辅酶 也作 vitamin B6 〔cysteine〕An amino acid, C3H 7O 2NS, derived from cystine and found in most proteins. 半胱氨酸：一种氨基酸，C3H 7O 2NS，从胱氨酸中提取，并存在于大多数蛋白质中 〔glycosaminoglycan〕Any of a group of polysaccharides with high molecular weight that contain amino sugars and often form complexes with proteins. Also called mucopolysaccharide 葡胺聚糖：一种多糖，具有很高的分子重量，含有氨基酸，常与蛋白质构成复杂物质 也作 mucopolysaccharide〔lysine〕An essential amino acid, C6H 14N 2O 2, derived from the hydrolysis of proteins and required by the body for optimum growth. 赖氨酸：一种重要的氨基酸，C6H 14N 2O 2，可以从水解蛋白中得到，是身体能最佳发育所必需的 |
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