| 单词 | 水手们 |
| 释义 | 〔rebellion〕The sailors, who had received low pay and poor rations, were finally in a state of mutiny.只获得低薪和少量定额的水手们最终处于一种暴乱的状态。〔Lorelei〕A siren of Germanic legend whose singing lures sailors to shipwreck.洛勒赖：德意志传统中的女妖，其歌声使水手们受诱惑而船毁沉没〔loblolly〕Loblolly is a combination of lob, probably an onomatopoeia for the thick, heavy bubbling of cooking porridge, and lolly, an old British dialect word for "broth, soup, or any other food boiled in a pot.” Thus, loblolly originally denoted thick porridge or gruel, especially that eaten by sailors on board ship. In the southern United States, the word is used to mean "a mudhole; a mire,” a sense derived from an allusion to the consistency of porridge. The name loblolly has become associated with several varieties of trees as well, all of which favor wet bottomlands or swamps in the Gulf and South Atlantic states. Lobolly 是 lob ，可能是模仿熬粥时沉重的冒泡声，和意为“锅里煮着的清汤、浓汤或其他任何食物”的古英语方言 lolly 的结合。这样， loblolly 本来表示稠粥或稀粥，尤指船上水手们所喝的粥。在美国南部，这个词用于表示“泥坑；泥沼”，这个含义是以粥的浓稠性这一暗示而来。 loblolly 这一名称也与几种树木有关，这些树都适于生长在墨西哥湾及南大西洋各州的潮湿洼地或沼泽里 〔slop〕slops Articles of clothing and bedding issued or sold to sailors. slops （水手的）衣服，卧具：发给或卖给水手们的成套的衣物或寝具〔ketchup〕The wordketchup exemplifies the types of modifications that can take place in the borrowing process, both in the borrowing of a word and in the borrowing of a substance.The source of our wordketchup may be the Malay word kēchap, possibly taken into Malay from the Cantonese dialect of Chinese.Kēchap, like our word, referred to a kind of sauce, but a sauce without tomatoes;rather, it contained fish brine, herbs, and spices.The sauce seems to have emigrated to Europe by way of sailors,where it was made with locally available ingredients such as the juice of mushrooms or walnuts.At some point, when the juice of tomatoes was first used,ketchup as we know it was born.However, it is important to realize that in the 18th and 19th centuriesketchup was a generic term for sauces whose only common ingredient was vinegar. The word is first recorded in English in 1690 in the formcatchup, in 1711 in the formketchup, and in 1730 in the formcatsup. These three spelling variants of a foreign borrowing remain current.ketchup 这个词显示出在借词过程中的变异， 既发生在借词上又发生物质转借上。ketch up 这个词的来源大约是马来词 kechap ， 可能是从中国广东方言变为马来语的。Kechap 也象ketchup一样指一种酱， 但是不含番茄的酱，而是含咸鱼汁、药草和香料。大概是由水手们传到欧洲，在欧洲只能用当地有的调料如蘑菇或胡桃汁制成。当番茄汁初次被被使用时，我们所指的调味番茄酱便产生了。但应注意的是18和19世纪时，ketchup 是表示一般成分只含醋的调料的通用词。 1690年这个词首先以catchup 的形式在英语中出现， 1711年改为ketchup ， 1730年又改为catsup 。 这个外来词的三种不同拼法现在都通行〔boon〕A spanking breeze is a boon to sailors.一阵狂风是对水手们的及时恩赐〔rebellion〕Mutiny is revolt against constituted authority, especially by sailors: Mutiny 是对依法成立的权威的反对或反抗，尤指水手们的暴乱： 〔tattoo〕The practice of tattooing the body is prehistoric,but the English wordtattoo was introduced fairly recently. Our word came from Polynesian languages such as Tahitian and Samoanand was introduced to English speakers by the explorer Capt. James Cook (who also gave us the wordtaboo ). The earliest use of the verbtattoo in English is found in 1769 in his account of a voyage around the world from 1768 to 1771. Cook also used a noun in his writings of 1769but treated it as a native wordso he is not given credit for the first use of the noun in English (recorded in 1777).In any event,sailors introduced the custom into Europe from the Pacific societies in which it was practiced,and it has remained associated with sailors,although many other people have tattoos as well.尽管在身体上刺出花纹这一做法在史前就已存在，但英语中tattoo 一词却是在距离现在较近的时候才被引入的。 我们这个词源于塔西提语或萨摩亚语等波利尼西亚语族，它是由探险家詹姆斯·库克船长介绍给英语使用者的（库克同时也给了我们taboo 一词）。 动词tattoo 在英语中的首次使用见于库克关于他在1768年-1771年所做的一次环球航行记录中。 库克在他1769年的日志中也把这个词用作一个名词，但因为他只是把它作为一个土著人的词汇对待，所以人们不认为他是第一个在英语中使用该词名词形式的人（记录于1777年）。但不管怎样，是水手们将这种原本是太平洋岛屿社会中的习俗带入欧洲的，所以直到今天这种做法仍然和水手们联系在一起，虽然各种职业的人们都在身上刺花纹〔allotment〕The sailors drank their daily allotment of rum.水手们喝掉了他们每天分到的朗姆酒〔footrope〕A rope, rigged beneath a yard, for sailors to stand on during the reefing or furling of sail.帆的下缘索：装在桁下的绳子，水手们在收帆或卷帆时踩在上面 |
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