| 单词 | 沼泽 |
| 释义 | 〔drain〕The Niagara River drains into Lake Ontario. When flooded, the swamp drains northward.尼加拉河流入安大略湖。发洪水时，沼泽向北泄水〔fenny〕Relating to or found in fens.有关沼泽的或在沼泽中发现的〔waterbuck〕Any of several African antelopes of the genusKobus, having curved, ridged horns and frequenting swamps, rivers, and other bodies of water. 水羚：羚羊属的几种非洲羚羊之任一种， 生有弯曲和脊状的角，常出没于沼泽、河流和其它水体 〔lonely〕Henry Bradley, one of the four editors of theOxford English Dictionary, said "It is a truth often overlooked, but not unimportant, that every addition to the resources of a language must in the first instance have been due to an act (though not necessarily to a voluntary or conscious act) of some one person.”In many casesthis one person may have been an author,since the first recorded instance of a word is often found in an author's work.Of course, as Bradley warns,this is the firstrecorded instance; it is possible that a given author picked up the word or sense somewhere elseor that these reside undiscovered in an earlier work.In any caseit might be a minor relief of our condition the next time we feel lonely to know that the first recorded instance of the wordlonely occurs in the works of Shakespeare. The passage appears inCoriolanus (1607-1608) in a speech by Coriolanus to his mother Volumnia:"My mother, you wot [know] well/My hazards still have been your solace, and/Believe't not lightly—though I go alone,/Like to alonely dragon, that his fen/Makes fear'd and talk'd of more than seen—your son/Will or exceed the common or be caught/With cautelous [crafty] baits and practice.” Lonely here, of course, has the sense "solitary.” The dragon does not feel dejected,or if he does,he does not seem to know how to reach out to others effectively.牛津英语词典 的四位编纂者之一亨利·布莱德雷说： “人们经常忽视这样一个现实，但它并非不重要，那就是对某种语言词汇的每一次添加都首先是由于某一个人的行为（尽管不一定是自愿的或有意识的行为）”。许多时候，这一个人可能是个作者，因为一个词有记载的首次使用往往出自一位作者的作品。当然，正如布莱德雷所提醒人们的，这是首次有记载的 的例子； 某个作者可能是从别处学到这个词或这个意思，或是这个词或意思在更早的作品中已经出现，只是未被人们发现。不管怎样，当我们知道lonely 这个词的有记载的首次使用出现在莎士比亚的作品中时，这些都不大能减轻我们的沮丧心情。 在卡里奥拉纳斯 （1607-1608年）中， 卡里奥拉纳斯对他母亲弗罗姆尼娅讲的一段话中有这样的文字：“我的母亲，你清楚地知道／我的冒险一直是你的安慰，而且／不要轻信——尽管我要只身前往，／就象去面对一条孤单的 龙，他的沼泽／令人谈而色变，尽管并未亲见——你的儿子／决意或是胜过凡人或是被狡猾的圈套和手段擒捉”。 Lonely 在这里的意思当然是“孤单的”。 龙不会感到沮丧，即便它感到沮丧，他也不太可能知道如何让别人体会到它的感情〔Ely〕A region of east-central England with extensive drained fens. The nameIsle comes from the high ground amid the fens; Ely probably refers to the eels formerly found in the fens. The city of Ely (population, 10,268) is noted for its cathedral, dating from the 11th century and one of the largest in England. 伊利艾斯：英格兰中东部一地区，有广阔的干枯沼泽。名字艾斯 来源于沼泽中的高地； 伊利 可能指以前在沼泽中发现的鳗鱼。 伊利 城（人口10,268)因其建立于11世纪的大教堂而闻名，该教堂是英格兰最大的教堂之一 〔mugger〕A large crocodile(Crocodilus palustris) of southwest Asia, having a very broad wrinkled snout. 泽鳄：一种产于西南亚的大型鳄鱼（沼泽鳄） ，长有很宽的多皱的鼻子 〔cutgrass〕Any of several grasses of the genusLeersia, found mostly along marshes, ponds, and streams and having leaves with very rough margins. 锯草：任一种假稻 属的禾本科植物，主要生长于沼泽、池塘和溪流边缘，生带有极其粗糙叶边的叶子 〔weird〕"At nightfall on the marshes, the thing was eerie and fantastic to behold" (Robert Louis Stevenson). “在夜幕降临时，沼泽里的东西看起来阴森可怕而且古怪” （罗伯特·路易斯·史蒂文森）。〔paludal〕Of or relating to a swamp; marshy.沼泽的：沼泽的，关于沼泽的；沼地的〔phragmites〕Any of several perennial reeds of the genusPhragmites in the grass family, found worldwide in marshes and wetlands and having stems up to nearly 6 meters (20 feet) long. 芦苇属禾本科：禾本科中的一种芦苇属 多年生的芦苇，在世界各地的沼泽和湿地都有发现，有近六米（合20英尺）长的茎 〔bayou〕A sluggish stream that meanders through lowlands, marshes, or plantation grounds.长沼：一个蜿蜒流过低地、沼泽或庄园土地的流动缓慢的溪流〔asphodel〕Any of several other plants, such as the bog asphodel.沼泽日光兰：一种其它类似植物，如沼泽日光兰〔wildfire〕A luminosity that appears over swamps or marshes at night; ignis fatuus.鬼火，磷火：夜间在旷野或沼泽出现的闪光; 鬼火〔litmus〕mosi [bog, moss] mosi [沼泽，苔] 〔morass〕An area of low-lying, soggy ground.沼泽：一片低的潮湿土地〔limnetic〕From Greek limnētēs [marsh-dwelling] 源自 希腊语 limnētēs [沼泽，湿地] 〔paludism〕From Latin palūs palūd- [marsh] * see pelə- 1源自 拉丁语 palūs palūd- [沼泽] * 参见 pelə- 1〔mire〕from Old Norse mȳrr [bog] 源自 古斯堪的纳维亚语 mȳrr [沼泽] 〔bog〕Any of certain other wetland areas, such as a fen, having a peat substrate. Also called peat bog 沼泽地区：任一种其它的湿地，有泥炭底面，如沼泽 也作 peat bog〔tupelo〕opílwa [swamp] opílwa [沼泽 ，湿地] 〔Bangweulu〕A shallow lake bordered by swamps on a plateau of northeast Zambia. It was discovered by David Livingstone in 1868.班韦乌卢：位于赞比亚东北部高原上的一个四周由沼泽围绕的浅湖，1868年由戴维·李文斯顿发现〔marsh〕An area of soft, wet, low-lying land, characterized by grassy vegetation and often forming a transition zone between water and land.沼泽，湿地：多为青草覆盖的湿软的低地，常形成水区和陆区之间的过渡地带〔cattail〕Any of various perennial herbs of the genusTypha, widespread in marshy places and having long, straplike leaves and a dense, cylindrical cluster of minute flowers and fruits. Also called reed mace 香蒲属植物：一种多年生香蒲 属草本植物，广泛地分布于沼泽地区，有长条带状的叶子和浓密细小的圆形花朵和果实 也作 reed mace〔moor〕A broad area of open land, often high but poorly drained, with patches of heath and peat bogs.沼泽：一片大面积的开阔地，通常很高但排水不好，有成片的荒野和泥炭田〔causeway〕A raised roadway, as across water or marshland.堤道：加高的行道，如穿过水洼或沼泽的道路〔fen〕Low, flat, swampy land; a bog or marsh.沼泽：低平的沼泽地；泥塘或湿地〔Everglades〕A subtropical swamp area of southern Florida includingEverglades National Park. It is noted for its wildlife, especially crocodiles, alligators, and egrets. 埃弗格来兹：美国佛罗里达州南部的一片亚热带沼泽地区，内有大沼泽国家公园 ，以其内的野生动物，特别以鳄鱼、短吻鳄鱼和白鹭而闻名 〔shoveler〕A widely distributed duck(Anas clypeata) that lives chiefly in marshes and has a long, broad bill fringed with bristles, which it uses to strain food from mud and water. 琵嘴鸭：一种分布广泛的鸭子（琵嘴鸭） 主要生活在沼泽中，有一用来从泥浆和水中滤取食物的边缘有刚毛的长而宽的嘴 〔sump〕Sense 2, from German Sumpf [swamp, sump] 释义2，源自 德语 Sumpf [沼泽，槽池] 〔Okavango〕A river of southwest-central Africa flowing about 1,609 km (1,000 mi) from central Angola to theOkavango Basin or Okavango Swamp, a marshy region of northern Botswana. 奥卡万戈河：非洲西南中部的一条河，从安哥拉中部流经约1,609公里(1,000英里）至博茨瓦纳北部的沼泽地带奥卡万戈盆地 或 奥卡万戈沼泽 〔creek〕A channel or stream running through a salt marsh:小河，支流：穿过盐碱沼泽的运河或小河：〔Kioga〕An irregularly shaped lake of central Uganda. The shallow lake is noted for its papyrus swamps.基奥加湖：乌干达中部的呈不规则形状的湖，这个狭窄的湖以它的纸莎草沼泽而知名〔palimpsest〕"Spaniards in the sixteenth century . . . saw an ocean moving south . . . through a palimpsest of bayous and distributary streams in forested paludal basins"(John McPhee)"16世纪的西班牙人…通过森林里的沼泽盆地的河口和支流小溪的沉淀层…看到海洋向南移动”(约翰·麦克菲)〔suds〕Perhaps from obsolete Dutch zudse [marsh] 可能源自 已废荷兰语 zudse [沼泽，湿地] 〔rail〕Any of various marsh birds of the family Rallidae, characteristically having brownish plumage and short wings adapted only for short flights.秧鸡：一种秧鸡科的生活在沼泽中的鸟，特点为羽毛呈棕色，翅膀短，只能短距离飞行〔pocosin〕In coastal Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, and the Carolinas,a swamp or marsh can be called apocosin or a dismal, the second term illustrated in the name of the Dismal Swamp on the border of North Carolina and Virginia.The wordpocosin possibly comes from Virginia Algonquian. The early settlers usedpocosin as a designation for low, swampy ground, especially a wooded swamp.在大西洋沿岸的弗吉尼亚、马里兰、特拉华和南北卡罗来纳州，一片沼泽或湿地可被称作pocosin 或 dismal， 后一称呼在位于北卡罗莱那和弗吉尼亚边界的迪斯默尔沼泽的名称中得到了说明。Pocosin 可能来自弗吉尼亚的阿尔贡金语。 早期的殖民者们用pocosin 作为低而潮湿的地面的称呼， 尤其是一片长有树木的沼泽〔slough〕Also slue A stagnant swamp, marsh, bog, or pond, especially as part of a bayou, an inlet, or a backwater. 也作 slue 停滞的水域，泥泞的沼泽：浑浊的沼泽、湿地、泥塘或池塘，尤指作为海湾、水湾或死水的一部分〔rushy〕a rushy marsh.长满灯心草的沼泽〔swamper〕One who clears a swamp or forest.清理工人：清理沼泽或森林的人〔smartweed〕Any of various marsh plants of the genusPolygonum, having sheathlike stipules and small, densely clustered pink, white, or green flowers. 水蓼：任意一种蓼属 沼泽生植物，托叶为鞘状且小，有密集成串的粉红、白色或绿色的花朵 |
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