| 单词 | 法则 |
| 释义 | 〔rule〕In this office, hard work is the rule, not the exception.在这个办公室里，努力工作是法则，而非例外情况〔rule〕A generalized statement that describes what is true in most or all cases:规律，法则：总结出的确定大多数或所有情况下什么是正确的陈述：〔ethic〕ethics (used with a sing. or pl. verb)The rules or standards governing the conduct of a person or the members of a profession: ethics （与单数或复数动词连用）行为准则：支配个人或某一行业中人员的行为法则和行为标准：〔mentalism〕The belief that some mental phenomena cannot be explained by physical laws.心灵主义：认为一些精神现象是不能用物理法则来加以解释的观点〔hydromechanics〕The study of the mechanics of fluids or the laws of equilibrium and motion concerning fluids.流体力学：关于流体的力学或关于涉及水的动态平衡法则的研究〔nomology〕Greek nomos [law] * see nem- 希腊语 nomos [法则，定律] * 参见 nem- 〔principle〕A basic truth, law, or assumption:原则，原理：基本的真理、法则或论断：〔franchise〕The establishment of a corporation's existence.公司法则：公司赖以存在的法则〔offend〕To violate a rule or law:违反规则或法则：〔critter〕Critter, a pronunciation spelling of creature, actually reflects a pronunciation that would have been very familiar to Shakespeare:16th- and 17th-century English had not yet begun to pronounce the-ture suffix with its modern (ch) sound. This archaic pronunciation still exists in regional Americancritter and in Irishcreature, pronounced (krāʹtŭr) and used in the same senses as the American regionalism. The most common meaning ofcritter is "a living creature,” whether wild or domestic; it also can mean "a child" when used as a term of sympathetic endearment,or it can mean "an unfortunate person.”In old-fashioned regional speech,critter and beast denoted a large domestic animal. The more restricted senses "a cow,” "a horse,” or "a mule" are still characteristic of the speech in specific regions of the United States.The use ofcritter among younger speakers almost always carries with it a jocular or informal connotation. Critter 是 creature 这一词的发音拼法， 实际上反映了一种莎士比亚极其通晓的发音法：16和17世纪的英语中还没有开始用现代英语中的(ch)音来发-ture 这一后缀的音。 这一古发音法仍存在于地区性美语critter 中， 而且在爱尔兰语中creature (kra'tur)的发音和用法与地区性美语相同。 critter 这一词的最通用的意思是“生物”，无论是野生的还是家养的； 作为昵称时，它可以作“小孩”解释；它还可以指“一个不幸运的人”。在老式的地区性语言中，critter 和 beast 意指大型的家畜。 它的更狭窄的含义“牛”、“马”或“驴”则仍然是美国某些特定地区的方言中的特有含义。年轻人对于critter 的用法则几乎总认为是带有恢谐或非正式的含义 〔farther〕Farther and further have been used interchangeably by many writers since the Middle English period. According to a rule of relatively recent origin, however,farther should be reserved for physical distance andfurther for advancement along a nonphysical dimension. Thus 74 percent of the Usage Panel prefersfarther in the sentence If you are planning to drive any farther than Ukiah, you'd better carry chains; whereas 64 percent prefersfurther in the sentence We won't be able to answer these questions until we are further along in our research. In many cases, however, the distinction is not easy to draw.If we may speak metaphorically ofa statement that is far from the truth, for example, the analogous use offarther should be allowed in a sentence such as Nothing could be farther from the truth, though Nothing could be further from the truth is also justifiable. Farther 和 further 自从英国中世纪以来被许多作家交替使用。 然而，根据比较近的起源的法则，farther 应被用于实际距离， 而further 用于沿着非实际范围的前进。 因此用法专题使用小组中74％的成员喜欢将farther 置于句子 如果你计划开到比尤凯亚更远的地方，你最好带上链子 中； 而64%的成员则将further 用于句子 在调查取得更深入的进展前，我们不能回答这些问题 中。 然而，在许多例子中，方向很难把握。如果用此喻来陈述不符合事实的情况 ， 例如，farther 的类似用法允许用于句子， 如Nothing could be farther from the truth, 而Notting could be futher from the truth 也是对的 〔multiplication〕The operation that, for integers, consists of adding a number (the multiplicand) to itself a certain number of times. The operation is extended to other real numbers according to the rules governing the multiplication of integers.乘法运算：对于整数，一个被乘数乘以一定倍数的乘数的运算。根据整数乘法运算法则，此种乘法运算可运用到其他实数〔zizith〕The tassels or fringes of thread on the corners of a garment, especially a prayer shawl, worn by men as prescribed by ritual law.流苏：在衣服的角上由线制成的穗或须边，特别是祷告用的披巾，按宗教仪式法则要求男人们戴的披巾〔showcase〕These uses clearly preserve the metaphoric sense of a showcase in which a commodity is displayed to advantage.But other uses of the verb take it further from its original sense.It is used to mean simply "to hold up to admiration,”even when the object is not something that can be hired or purchased: 这些用法很明显地保留了展示商品以获得利益的陈列柜的喻意。但是这个动词的其它一些用法则与其原本意义相差更远，它被用于表示“展示以获得赞赏”的意思，即使物体并不是什么可出租或出售的东西： 〔Gresham〕English financier. A founder of the Royal Exchange, he is traditionally credited with Gresham's law.格雷欣，托马斯：(1519-1579) 英国金融家。皇家证券交易所的创建人，以其格雷欣法则而闻名〔gastronomy〕-nomia [-nomy] -nomia [后缀，表示支配某领域的法则体系] 〔law〕the law of supply and demand; the law of averages.供需法则；平均法则〔Mendelism〕The theoretical principles of heredity formulated by Gregor Mendel; Mendel's laws.孟德尔（遗传）学说，孟德尔主义：格雷戈·孟德尔所创立之遗传理论；孟德尔法则〔antinomy〕nomos [law] * see nem- nomos [法律，法则] * 参见 nem- 〔Brezhnev〕Soviet leader. He served as the chairman of the Presidium (now the Politburo) and secretary of the Communist Party before becoming president of the U.S.S.R. in 1977. In 1968 he enunciated the Brezhnev Doctrine, which asserts that the U.S.S.R. may intervene in any Warsaw Pact country in which the Communist government is threatened. Soviet adherence to this doctrine was evidenced by the invasion of Czechoslovakia (1968) and Afghanistan (1977).勃列日涅夫，利奥尼德·伊奇：(1906-1982) 苏联领导人。1977年成为苏联总统以前，曾任最高苏维埃主席团（即现在的政治局）主席和前苏联共产党总书记。1968年发表勃列日涅夫法则，声称当华沙条约成员国的共产党政府受到威胁时，苏联可以进行干涉。苏联坚持这一原则，入侵捷克斯洛伐克（1968年）和入侵阿富汗（1977年）即是证明〔nomology〕The study and discovery of general physical and logical laws.法则学：对一般的自然的或有逻辑的法则的研究或发现〔nous〕The principle of the cosmic mind or soul responsible for the rational order of the cosmos.宇宙法则：宇宙心灵或灵魂的法则，对宇宙的理性秩序负责〔graphics〕(used with a sing. verb)The making of drawings in accordance with the rules of mathematics, as in engineering or architecture.（与单数动词连用）工程制图：遵循数学法则制作的图形（例如工程学和建筑学中的）〔chrysalis〕"All that is gold does not glitter" we may say when confronted withkhrus- or khruso-, the combining form of the Greek word khrusos, "gold.” We find this form,for example, in the Greek wordkhrusallis, "chrysalis,” which refers specifically to a gold-colored pupa.This Greek word gave us ourchrysalis, first recorded in English in the 17th century. As Modern Englishchrys- or chryso- the Greek formkhrus- or khruso- has also been used to make words that did not exist in Greek. Among the more interesting of these arechrysocracy, "rule of the wealthy,” andchrysotherapy, "the treatment of disease with gold compounds.”“闪光的不都是金子”，当我们面对khrus- 或 khruso- ，即希腊词 khrusos 的结合形式时（意为“金子”），我们可以这样说。 我们发现这种形式，如希腊词khrusallis 意为“蛹”， 特别指金色的蛹。这个希腊词产生的chrysalis 首次于17世纪以英文记载。 作为现代英语中的chrys- 或 chryso- ， 希腊形式的khrus- 或 khruso- 也被用来组成希腊语中不存在的词。 其中最有趣的有chrysocracy , 意为“富裕的法则”，和chrysotherapy ， 意为“用金化合物治病”〔Hooker〕English writer and theologian. HisLaws of Ecclesiastical Polity (1594) was central to the formation of Anglican theology. 胡克，理查德：(1554?-1600) 英格兰作家和神学家他的《论教会体制的法则》 （1594年）是圣公会神学的核心组成部分 〔principle〕A rule or law concerning the functioning of natural phenomena or mechanical processes:原理：关于自然现象或机械过程运行的规则或法则：〔possible〕Capable of happening, existing, or being true without contradicting proven facts, laws, or circumstances.可能发生的，可能存在的：能在与被证明的事实、法则或状况不发生矛盾的情况下发生、存在的或是真实的〔philosophy〕All learning except technical precepts and practical arts.除技术法则和实践艺术外的所有知识〔featherbedding〕The practice of requiring an employer to hire more workers than are needed or to limit their production in keeping with a safety regulation or union rule.限产超雇：要求资方超额雇佣工人或限制产量，以保证安全法则或工会法令〔reductionism〕An attempt or a tendency to explain complex phenomena or structures by relatively simple principles, as by asserting that life processes or mental acts are instances of chemical and physical laws:简化论：用相对简单的原理解释复杂现象或结构的企图或趋势，这种理论认为生命过程或思维活动是遵循物理和化学法则的：〔Franck〕German-born American physicist. He shared a 1925 Nobel Prize for discovering the laws that describe the impact of electrons upon atoms.夫兰克，詹姆斯：(1882-1964) 美裔德国物理学家，发现了描述电子轰击原子的法则从而获得了1925年诺贝尔奖〔pleasure〕"The rule of joy and the law of duty seem to me all one" (Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.).“快乐的标准与义务的法则对我来说是同一件事” （小奥利弗·温德尔·霍姆斯）〔indult〕A faculty granted by the pope to deviate from the common law of the Church.特许：由教皇特批的超越一般宗教法则的特权〔nothing〕According to the traditional rule,nothing is invariably treated as a singular, even when followed by an exception phrase containing a plural noun: 根据传统法则，nothing 始终是作为一个单数， 除了你的恐惧之外没有什么可以阻挡你甚至后跟一个含复数名词的词组时也不例外： |
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