| 单词 | 法律文件 |
| 释义 | 〔Bactrian〕The Middle Iranian language of the Bactrians, known from scattered inscriptions and legal documents extending into the Islamic period.大夏语：大夏国人的中古伊朗语言，从流传至伊斯兰教时期的散落碑文和法律文件中得知〔premise〕Why do we call a single buildingthe premises ? To answer this question,we must go back to the Middle Ages.But first, let it be noted thatpremises comes from the past participle praemissa, which is both a feminine singular and a neuter plural form of the Latin verbpraemittere, "to send in advance, utter by way of preface, place in front, prefix.” In Medieval Latin the feminine formpraemissa was used as a term in logic, for which we still use the termpremise descended from the Medieval Latin word (first recorded in a work composed before 1380).Medieval Latinpraemissa in the plural meant "things mentioned before" and was used in legal documents, almost always in the plural,a use that was followed in Old French and Middle English, both of which borrowed the word from Latin.A more specific legal sense in Middle English,"that property, collectively, which is specified in the beginning of a legal document and which is conveyed, as by grant,”was also always in the plural in Middle English and later Modern English.And so it remained when this sense was extended to mean "a house or building with its grounds or appurtenances,”a usage first recorded before 1730.为什么我们把单独的一幢建筑称为the premises ？ 为了回答这个问题，我们必须回到中世纪。但首先必须注意的是premises 是从过去式 praemissa 而来的， 这是意思为“预先发送,以前言的方式说出，放在前边，前缀”的拉丁动词praemittere 的阴性单数形式及中性复数形式。 在中世纪拉丁语中，praemissa 作为阴性形式被用作逻辑状语， 因此我们仍然使用这个来源于中世纪拉丁语的术语premise （第一次记载于1380年前编纂的作品中）。中世纪拉丁语praemissa 的复数形式意为“前面提到的事物”， 用于法律文件并总是以复数形式出现，古法语和中古英语中都从拉丁语中借用了这个词及其用法。中古英语中有一种更特殊的法律方面的意义，“法律文件开头指明并根据转让的财产，如通过赠送”,在中世纪英语和后来的现代英语中也是以复数形式使用。因此当它的意思被扩展为“连同其土地及设施一所房子或一幢建筑”时仍保留这一用法，该用法最初记载于1730年前。〔make〕To change or transfer the ownership of, usually by means of a legal document:转让：改变或者转移所有权，通常是通过法律文件的方式：〔forenamed〕Named previously; aforementioned.上述的：先前提到过的；前面提到的（常用于法律文件）〔innuendo〕A parenthetic explanation of a word or charge in a legal document.加注说明：在一个法律文件中对一句话或控告的附带性解释〔quibble〕perhaps from Latin quibus [dative and ablative pl. of] quī [who, what (from its frequent use in legal documents)] * see k wo- 可能源自 拉丁语 quibus quī的与格和夺格复数 [谁，什么（因在法律文件中频繁使用而来）] * 参见 k wo- 〔execution〕Validation of a legal document by the performance of all necessary formalities.使…生效：通过执行各种必要的手续使法律文件生效〔flaw〕A defect in a legal document that can render it invalid.破绽，失效：可能导致其无效的法律文件的漏洞〔engross〕Sense 3, from Middle English engrossen [to make a finished copy of a legal document] 释义3，源自 中古英语 engrossen [誊写法律文件的终稿] 〔above〕The use ofabove as an adjective or noun in referring to a preceding text is most common in business and legal writing. In general writing its use as an adjective (the above figures ) was accepted by a majority of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey, but its use as a noun (read the above ) was accepted by only a minority. 这种above 用作形容词或名词指代上文的用法在商业和法律文件中是最常见的。 在平常的书面语中，用作形容词（上面的数据 ）是被大部分用法小组的人员所肯定， 但用作名词（读上文 ）却只被极少数人所接受 〔Cleisthenes〕Athenian statesman who enacted the legal reforms of Solon, replaced the older family-based political organization with one based on locality, and is generally regarded as the founder of Athenian democracy.克利斯提尼：雅典政治家，他将梭伦的立法改革制定成法律文件，取代了旧有的以家族结合地域性的政治结构，通常被认为是雅典民主政治的创建者 |
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