| 单词 | 波斯人 |
| 释义 | 〔Montesquieu〕French philosopher and jurist. An outstanding figure of the early French Enlightenment, he wrote the influentialParisian Letters (1721), a veiled attack on the monarchy and the ancien régime, and The Spirit of the Laws (1748), a discourse on government. 孟德斯鸠：法国哲学家和法学家。他是早期法国启蒙运动的杰出人物。著有隐含攻击君主制和古代政体的有影响力的作品如《波斯人信札》 （1721年）和谴责政府的 《论法的精神》 （1748年） 〔Procopius〕Byzantine historian during the reign of Justinian I. He wrote histories of the Persian, Vandal, and Gothic wars andAnecdota, an attack on Justinian. 普罗科匹厄斯：查士丁尼一世统治时期的拜占庭历史学家，写了关于波斯人、汪达尔人和哥特人的战争的史书和著作《秘史》 以攻击查士丁尼 〔Jovian〕Emperor of Rome (363-364). He made peace with the Persians by giving up all Roman territories beyond the Tigris River.朱维安：罗马皇帝(363-364年）。他曾通过放弃底格里斯河以外的所有罗马领土来与波斯人讲和〔Mede〕A member of an Iranian people, closely related to the Persians, inhabiting ancient Media.米堤亚人：一伊朗部族之成员，与波斯人关系很近，居住于古代米堤亚地区〔Herat〕A city of northwest Afghanistan on the Hari Rud east of Kabul. Located at a strategic position on an ancient trade route, it was ruled by numerous conquerors, primarily the Persians. Herat became part of Afghanistan in 1881. Population, 140,323.赫拉特：阿富汗西北部的一城市，位于喀布尔以东，在哈里河上。位于古代贸易通道的战略要地，曾被无数征服者统治过，最初的统治者为波斯人。赫拉特于1881年成为阿富汗的一部分。人口140,323〔Iskenderun〕A city of southern Turkey on an inlet of the eastern Mediterranean Sea. Founded by Alexander the Great to celebrate his victory over the Persians in 333b.c. , it is Turkey's chief port on the Mediterranean. Population, 124,824. 伊斯肯德仑，亚历山德拉塔：土耳其南部一城市，在地中海东部的一个小湾边。亚历山大大帝在公元前 333年建立该城以庆祝战胜波斯人。它是土耳其在地中海上的主要海港。人口124,824 〔Gaugamela〕An ancient village of Assyria northeast of Nineveh. Alexander the Great defeated the Persians under Darius III here in 331b.c. 高福尔：尼尼微东北部亚述国一古老的村镇。亚历山大大帝在公元前 331年于此打败了在大流士三世统治下的波斯人 〔seersucker〕Through its name, seersucker, a lightweight fabric for summer suits and dresses, gives us a glimpse at the history of India.The facts of the word's history are that it came into English from the East Indian language Hindi (śīrśakar ). The word in Hindi was borrowed from the Persian compoundshīroshakar, meaning literally "milk and sugar"but used in a figurative way for a striped linen garment.The Persian wordshakar, "sugar,” in turn came from Sanskrit śarkarā. Persian, Indian, English—clearly we are dealing with multiple cultural borrowing here,and the Persians did indeed borrow sugar and the word for sugar from India in the 6th century.During and after Tamerlane's invasion of India in the late 14th century,the opportunity for borrowing Persian things and words such asshīr-o-shakar was present, since the Mongol Turk Tamerlane incorporated Persia as well as India into his empire.It then remained for the English during the 18th century, when the East India Company and England were moving toward supremacy in India, to borrow the material and its nameseersucker (first recorded in 1722 in the form Sea Sucker ) from an Indian language. 适合制作夏季服装的一种很轻的面料，通过它的名字——泡泡纱让我们对印度历史有所了解。关于这个单词的历史事实是这个词从东印度语言——印地语(sirsakar )进入英语。 在印地语中，这个词来源于波斯语复合词shiroshakar ， 其字面意思是“牛奶和糖”，但用其比喻意来指一种有条纹的亚麻长袍。波斯语shakar 意思是“糖”，来自于梵文 sarkara 。 波斯语，印度语，英语——显而易见，这里我们要研究的是多元文化的借用，而事实上波斯人确实于公元6世纪从印度输入了糖和表示糖的单词。在14世纪后期泰摩兰入侵印度期间和之后，就有了借用波斯物品及单词，如shir-o-shakar 的机会， 因为突厥化了的蒙古人泰摩兰不但把波斯还把印度并入了自己的王国。在18世纪，当东印度公司和英国印度取得至高权威后，才从一种印度语言中输入了seersucker 的材料及名称（最初的记载形式是 Sea sucker ，出现于1722年） 〔Thermopylae〕A narrow pass of east-central Greece. It was the site of an unsuccessful Spartan stand against the Persians in 480b.c. 舍茅普利：希腊中东部狭窄通道，它是公元前 480年斯巴达与波斯人奋战失败之处 〔Firdausi〕Persian epic poet whoseBook of Kings (1010) recounts the history of Persia from the arrival of the Persians to the Arab conquest. 斐尔杜西：波斯英雄史诗诗人，他的《列王记》 （1010年）记叙了波斯从波斯人的到来至阿拉伯征服的历史 〔perse〕from Persa [a Persian] 源自 Persa [一个波斯人] 〔Cambyses〕King of Persia (529-522) who extended Persian rule throughout the Nile Valley.康比斯：波斯国王（529至522年在位），他将波斯人的统治扩张到尼罗河流域〔Farsi〕from Arabic Fārs [Persia] 源自 阿拉伯语 Fārs [波斯人] 〔Pahlavi〕An Iranian language used in Persia during the reign of the Sassanids.巴列维语：在萨珊王朝统治期间波斯人用的一种伊朗语言〔Caesarea〕 or Also Caesarea Maz.a.ca [măzʹə-kə] An ancient city of Cappadocia on the site of present-day Kayseri in central Turkey. The chief city of the region, it was destroyed by Persians ina.d. 260. 或 也作 Caesarea Maz.a.ca [măzʹə-kə] 卡萨里亚：在今土耳其中部开塞利地址上的卡帕多西亚古城。是该地区的一座主要城市，被波斯人摧毁于公元 260年 〔cuneiform〕Being a character or characters formed by the arrangement of small wedge-shaped elements and used in ancient Sumerian, Akkadian, Assyrian, Babylonian, and Persian writing.楔形文字的：由小型楔形元素排列而成并被古时的苏美尔人、阿卡得人、亚述人、巴比伦人和波斯人书写的符号式文字的〔Baku〕A city of southwest Central Asian U.S.S.R. on the western shore of the Caspian Sea. Frequently under Persian rule, the city was incorporated into Russia in 1806. It has been a center of oil production since the 1870's. Population, 1,104,000.巴库：苏联中亚部分西南部的一座城市，位于里海西海岸。曾一度为波斯人统治，这座该城于1806年并入俄国。从19世纪70年代开始它已成为石油生产的中心。人口1,104,000〔Persian〕A native or inhabitant of Persia or Iran.波斯人：波斯或伊朗的土著人或居民〔Phocaea〕An ancient Ionian Greek city of western Asia Minor on the Aegean Sea in present-day Turkey. It was an important maritime state c. 1000 to 600b.c. but declined after a Persian siege in 540. 福西亚：小亚细亚西部的一个古代爱奥尼亚希腊城市，位于爱琴海上、今天的土耳其境内，从公元前 1000年到600年是一个重要的海港城邦。但在540年被波斯人围攻后败落 〔Lemnos〕An island of northeast Greece in the Aegean Sea off the coast of Turkey northwest of Lesbos. Occupied in ancient times by Greeks, the island was later held by Persians, Romans, Byzantines, and Ottoman Turks. It became part of modern Greece in 1913.利姆诺斯：希腊东北部一岛屿，位于爱琴海中，远离土耳其海岸，莱斯博斯岛的西北方向。古时曾被希腊人占领，该岛后来相继为波斯人、罗马人、拜占庭人和奥斯曼土耳其人占据。直到1913年才成为现代希腊的一部分〔Themistocles〕Athenian military and political leader. After persuading the Athenians to build a navy, he led the new fleet to victory over Persia in the Battle of Salamis (480).西米斯托可斯：雅典人建立海军后，他领导新航队在塞拉米斯战役中（公元前480年）战胜波斯人〔Miltiades〕Athenian general who defeated the Persians in the Battle of Marathon (490b.c. ). 米太亚德：雅典将军，曾在马拉松战役（公元前 490年）中打败了波斯人 〔Chaldea〕An ancient region of southern Mesopotamia. Settled c. 1000b.c. , it reached the height of its power under Nebuchadnezzar II. The Chaldean empire was destroyed by Persians in 539 b.c. 迦勒底：古代美索不达米亚南部一地区。公元前 1000年建立，在纳布察德奈查二世统治时权力达到鼎盛。 公元前 539迦勒底帝国被波斯人消灭 〔Babylonia〕An ancient empire of Mesopotamia in the Euphrates River valley. It flourished under Hammurabi and Nebuchadnezzar II but declined after 562b.c. and fell to the Persians in 539. 巴比伦王国：美索不达米亚的一个古代帝国，幼发拉底河流域。繁荣于汉穆拉比和尼布甲尼撒二世统治之时，但于公元前 562年后衰落并于539年落于波斯人手中 〔Plataea〕An ancient city of central Greece southwest of Thebes. It was the site of a major Greek victory over the Persians in 479b.c. 布拉底：希腊中部底比斯西南一古城，是公元前 479年希腊本土人战胜波斯人的战役所在地 〔peach〕ultimately from persicus [Persian] 最终源自 persicus [波斯人] 〔Eretria〕An ancient city of Greece on the southern coast of Euboea. Founded as an Ionian colony, it was destroyed by the Persians in 490b.c. 埃瑞特里亚：希腊古城，位于尤比亚岛南岸，该城因系爱奥尼亚人的殖民地被建立，于公元前 490年被波斯人摧毁 〔Jerusalem〕The capital of Israel, in the east-central part of the country in the West Bank. Of immense religious and historical importance, the city was occupied as far back as the fourth millenniumb.c. and became the capital of King David c. 1000 b.c. Destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar in the sixth century b.c. , it was later ruled by Greeks, Romans, Persians, Arabs, Crusaders, and Turks and by Great Britain under a League of Nations mandate. Israeli forces took control of the city in 1967. Jerusalem is considered a holy city to Jews, Moslems, and Christians. Population, 446,500. 耶路撒冷：以色列的首都，位于西岸上该国中东部。该城在宗教上和历史上极大的重要性可以追溯到公元前 4000年， 公元前 1000年成为大卫王国的首都。于 公元前 6世纪被尼布甲尼撒毁灭。后被希腊人、罗马人、波斯人、阿拉伯人、十字军和土耳其统治过，最后受国际联盟的托管国英国控制。以色列军队在1967年控制该城。耶路撒冷是犹太教、穆斯林和基督教的圣地。人口446,500 |
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