| 单词 | 派系 |
| 释义 | 〔partisan〕A fervent, sometimes militant supporter or proponent of a party, cause, faction, person, or idea.强硬支持者，党羽：某个党派、事业、派系、个人或思想的狂热，甚或激进的支持者或提倡者〔persuasion〕A party, faction, or group holding to a particular set of ideas or beliefs.派系，教派：持某一套特殊思想或信仰的政党、组织或团体〔wing〕A section of a party, legislature, or community holding distinct, especially dissenting, political views:派，派系：具有不同、尤指有异议的政见的一个党派、立法机关或社团的一部分：〔part〕To disagree by factions:内哄：派系间的争执：〔peoplehood〕"As symbols go, few are as national and sectarian as the menorah. It is the symbol of Jewish peoplehood"(Charles Krauthammer)“ 随着信条的转变，少数人像七分枝蜡烛台一样民族化和派系化。它是犹太民族的信条”(查尔斯·克劳萨默)〔sectarian〕Adhering or confined to the dogmatic limits of a sect or denomination; partisan.闹宗派的：依附或囿于大宗教派或派系的教条式限制；派心强烈的〔bylaw〕A casual glance at the wordbylaw might make one think that the element by- means "secondary, subsidiary,” especially sincebylaw can mean "a secondary law.” It is possible thatby-, as in byway, has influencedbylaw in the sense "secondary law"; however,bylaw existed long before the sense in question. The word is first recorded in 1283 with the meaning "a body of customs or regulations, as of a village, manor, religious organization, or sect.”By- in this word comes from Old Norse, as may the wordbylaw, and is related to if not identical with the element -by in the names of many places, such as Whitby, where Scandinavians settled when they invaded England during the early Middle Ages.We get the sense of this-by if we compare the related word entered as bær, b÷r, bȳr, in the standard dictionary of Old Icelandic, meaning "a town or village" in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark and "a farm or landed estate" in Iceland. We thus see whybylaw would mean "a body of customs of a village or manor" and why we use the word to mean "a law or rule governing the internal affairs of an organization.”随意瞟一眼单词bylaw 可能会使人想起前缀 by- ，意为“第二位的，次要的”， 因为bylaw 意为“附属的法规”。 可能因为前缀by- 位于 byway 中， 它影响了bylaw “附属法规”这一意义； 然而bylaw 一词在上述意义产生之前早已存在。 该词最初是在1283年以“一种习俗或规章体系，如村庄、县邑、宗教组织或派系之中”这种含义记载的。前缀By- 来自古斯堪的纳维亚语中， 正如bylaw 一词在许多地名之中与后缀 -by 若不是完全一致，就是彼此相关， 如惠特比，这是斯堪的纳维亚人在中世纪早期侵入英格兰之后的定居地。如果我们将古冰岛标准字典中的相关词bær, b÷r, bȳr （在挪威、瑞典和丹麦这些国家中意为“城镇或村庄”而在冰岛意为“农场或庄园”）加以比较，就会得出后缀 -by 的含义。 我们因而可以明白为什么bylaw 一词意为“村庄或县邑的习俗体系” 以及我们为什么使用其“一种法规或规则，用于管理一个组织的内部事务”这一意义〔clique〕A small, exclusive group of friends or associates.See Synonyms at circle 派系，朋党：一种小范围的、排外的朋友或同事 参见 circle〔set〕from Latin [faction] * see sect 源自 拉丁语 [派系] * 参见 sect〔fusionism〕The theory or practice of forming coalitions, especially of political groups or factions.联合主义：尤指政治团体或派系形成的主张或实践〔faction〕Conflict within an organization or nation; internal dissension:派系间斗争，内讧：在一组织或国家内部的斗争；内部的倾轧：〔sect〕A small faction united by common interests or beliefs.派系：出于共同的利益或信仰而统一起来的派系〔sectarian〕One characterized by bigoted adherence to a factional viewpoint.搞派系的人：顽固坚持宗派立场的人〔Beirut〕"Right now,[this state] is the Beirut of the medical malpractice system, with all the players in an angry state of turmoil and factionalism" (Hatfield MA Valley Advocate)“现在，[这种状态] 就是治疗不当的医疗体系中的“贝鲁特”，其中牵涉到的所有人都处在气愤、混乱和派系争斗之中” (哈特菲尔德MA谷辩护律师)〔sect〕from Latin secta [course, school of thought] [from feminine past participle of] sequī [to follow] * see sek w- 1源自 拉丁语 secta [路线，思想派系] 源自sequī的阴性过去分词 [跟随] * 参见 sek w- 1 |
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