| 单词 | 流血 |
| 释义 | 〔bloodthirsty〕Eager to shed blood.嗜杀的：嗜好流血的〔bloody〕The central meaning shared by these adjectives is "attended by or causing bloodshed": 这些形容词都有“被伤害流血或造成流血”的意思： 〔internecine〕Characterized by bloodshed or carnage.血腥的：以流血和大屠杀为特征的〔stanch〕To stop the flow of blood from (a wound).止住（伤口）流血〔sangria〕Probably from Spanish sangría [act of bleeding, sangria] 可能源自 西班牙语 sangría [流血的行为，血腥] 〔gout〕"and makes it bleed great gouts of blood"(Oscar Wilde)“使它一大股一大股地流血”(奥斯卡·怀尔德)〔stigma〕A mark or spot on the skin that bleeds as a symptom of hysteria.特征：皮肤上流血的伤痕或点，是歇斯底里的征兆〔remove〕"to spill, though at a safe remove, the blood of brave men"(Anthony Burgess)“去作为勇士而流血，尽管这是个安全的间距”(安东尼·伯吉斯)〔shambles〕A place or scene of bloodshed or carnage.血腥场面：流血或屠杀的场所或景象〔sanguinary〕Accompanied by bloodshed.See Synonyms at bloody 血淋淋的：伴随流血的 参见 bloody〔Marinetti〕Italian writer who founded futurism with the publication of his 1909 manifesto. Among his works areThe Bleeding Mummy (1904) and Mafarka the Futurist (1910). 马里内蒂，埃米利奥·费利波·托马索：(1876-1944) 意大利作家，以其1909年发表的宣言为标志建立了未来主义学派，作品有《流血的木乃伊》 （1904年）和 《未来主义者马法尔卡》 （1910年） 〔scurvy〕A disease caused by deficiency of vitamin C, characterized by spongy and bleeding gums, bleeding under the skin, and extreme weakness.坏血病：一种由于缺少维生素C引起的疾病，症状为多孔的和爱流血的牙床，皮下出血和极度虚弱〔bloody〕Accompanied by or giving rise to bloodshed:血腥的：伴有或导致流血的：〔hemostatic〕Acting to arrest bleeding or hemorrhage.能够止血的：能够阻止流血或大出血的〔hemostasis〕The stoppage of bleeding or hemorrhage.止血：阻止流血或大出血〔bleed〕It seems only common sense thatbleed should be related to blood, but one needs some knowledge of historical linguistics to understand the relationship fully.In prehistoric Common Germanic, the hypothetical predecessor of Germanic languages such as English, German, and Swedish,the word.blōdha-, "blood,” the ancestor of our word blood, is assumed to have existed. From this noun was derived the verb.blōdhjan, "to bleed.” A change of sound then came into play in Old English, that is, thej, pronounced like the y in your, caused the vowelō, pronounced as in go, to become pronounced like the ö in German schön. Later in Old English thisō changed to ē, pronounced like the a in labor, eventually becoming like thee in bee by 1500. By this change, as well as others,.blōdhjan became Modern English bleed. 根据常识bleed 好象应该和 blood 联系在一起， 但要想全面理解这种关系，应具备一些历史语言学的知识。在史前日耳曼共同语，即日耳曼语言（如英语、德语和瑞典语）的假设前任语言中，我们使用的单词blood 源于 blodha- 意为“血”，被认为已经存在了。 从这一名词派生出动词blodhjan， 意为“流血”。 发音的改变出现于古英语中，即j， 发音与 your 中的 y 相似， 引起go 中的元音 ō 变得如德语 schon 中的 ö 。 后来在古英语中ō 变为 ē， 发音如 labor 中的 a， 最后在1500年前变得如bee 中的 e 。 通过这种变化，以及其他变化，blodhjan 成为了现代英语的 bleed 〔bleed〕To take or remove blood from.流血，放血：使出血或从…放血〔Sharpsburg〕A town of northern Maryland west of Frederick. It is the site of the Civil War Battle of Antietam (September 16-17, 1862), in which Union forces repulsed Gen. Robert E. Lee's troops. The engagement, also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg, was one of the bloodiest of the war, with heavy losses on both sides.夏普斯堡：美国马里兰州北部的一个城镇，位于弗雷德里克以西。它是国内战争安蒂他姆战役(1862年9月16-17日）的发生地，在此联邦军队击退了罗伯特·E·李将军的军队，该战役也被称为夏斯堡战役，它是内战中流血最多的战役之一，双方均有惨重损失〔gory〕Full of or characterized by bloodshed and violence.See Synonyms at bloody 血腥的：充满流血或暴力的或以此为特征的 参见 bloody〔bloodshed〕The shedding of blood, especially the injury or killing of human beings.流血，屠杀：血的流出，尤指伤人或杀人〔sanguine〕Perhaps one has wondered what the connection betweensanguinary, "bloodthirsty,” and sanguine, "cheerfully optimistic,” could be. The connection can be found in medieval physiology with its notion of the four humors (blood, bile, phlegm, and black bile).These four body fluids were thought to determine a person's temperament,or distinguishing mental and physical characteristics.Thus, if blood was the predominant humor, one had a ruddy face and a disposition marked by courage, hope, and a readiness to fall in love.Such a temperament was calledsanguine, the Middle English ancestor of our wordsanguine. The sources of the Middle English word were Old Frenchsanguin and Latin sanguineus, the source of the French word. Both the Old French and Latin words meant "bloody,” "blood-colored,”Old Frenchsanguin having the sense "sanguine in temperament" as well. Latinsanguineus in turn was derived from sanguīs, "blood,” just as English sanguinary is. The English adjectivesanguine, first recorded in Middle English before 1350, went on to refer simply to the cheerfulness and optimism that accompanied a sanguine temperament,no longer having any direct reference to medieval physiology.也许有人对sanguinary （“嗜血的”）和 sanguine （“愉快乐观的”）两词之间的联系感到不解。 这种联系可以追溯到中世纪生理学中四种体液的概念（多血质型、胆汁型、黏液型和抑郁型）。这四种体液被认为可决定人的性格，或者能区分出精神和肉体上的特征。因此，如果血液是最主要的体液，一个人就应有红润的脸庞和以勇敢、充满希望、易于陷入情网为特征的性情。这种性情被称为sanguine ， 也就是我们sanguine 一词的中世纪英语的原形。 中世纪英语中该词源于古法语sanguin 一词和拉丁文 sanguineus （法语词的来源）。 在古法语和拉丁文中，该词意思都是“流血的”、“血色的”，古法语sanguin 还含有“生性乐天派的”之意。 拉丁文的sanguineus 也是由 sanguis （“血的”）而来，正如英语中的 sanguinary 一词。 英语形容词sanguine 最初记载于1350年以前的中古英语中， 演化为仅指伴随乐天派性情而具有的愉快和乐观之义，与中世纪生理学没有直接联系〔spill〕One is not supposed to cry over spilled milk,but at one time the wordspill was associated with many tears. Old Englishspillan, the ancestor of Modern Englishspill, had meanings such as "to destroy, mutilate, kill.”The hints of its future life in connection with substances falling out of containers, often wastefully, were contained in the senses "to waste" and "to shed blood.”But many people, castles, and fortunes were "spilled" before people started spilling milk,at least judging from the recorded evidence.Spill is first recorded in the sense "to cause a substance to fall out of a container" in a work composed in the 14th century.Since then, much water, milk, and gravy have been spilled,while most of the senses having to do with destruction and bloodshed have become obsolete or archaic.对着打翻的牛奶哭是无济于事的，但spill 这个词曾经和眼泪有联系。 古英语单词spillan ， 即现代英语单词spill 的祖先， 具有例如“毁灭，破坏，杀死”等意思。而其“浪费”及“使血流出”的含意则暗示着这个古词将来会与通常是浪费性质的从容器中溢出之物发生联系。但在人们开始洒牛奶之前就已“杀死”了许多人命，“毁坏”了许多城堡，“浪费”了许多财富，这一点至少可以从记载下来的证据判断出来。Spill 最初记录下来的意思是“使一物质溢出一容器”， 这一含意出现于14世纪的一本著作中。从那时起，这个词表达人们泼洒了大量的水、牛奶及肉汁，而这个词与毁灭及流血有联系的有关意思则都成了过时用法或古代用法〔epistaxis〕from epistazein [to bleed from the nose] 源自 epistazein [从鼻中流血] |
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