| 单词 | 消极 |
| 释义 | 〔pessimism〕A tendency to stress the negative or unfavorable or to take the gloomiest possible view:悲观，悲观情绪：强调消极的或不利的、或持有可能最悲观的观点的一种倾向：〔resign〕To submit (oneself) passively; accept as inevitable:听任：使（自己）消极地服从；认为不可避免而接受：〔provoke〕"His mother . . . endeavored to rouse him from this passive state" (Washington Irving). “他的母亲…试图使他从消极的状态中振作起来” （华盛顿·欧文）。 〔blaxploitation〕Exploitation of Black people, especially in the American film industry, by casting them in negative, stereotypical roles and by failing to depict in the films the realities of Black life.对黑人感兴趣的利用：利用黑人，尤指在美国电影业中扮演老一套的消极的角色和在影片中描画不真实的黑人生活〔supine〕Marked by or showing lethargy, passivity, or blameworthy indifference.See Synonyms at inactive 懒散的：懒得动的、倦怠的、消极的或漠不关心的 参见 inactive〔pleasure〕"Certified ‘masterpieces’ by dead composers, manipulated by charismatic star performers for the delectation of an increasingly passive and uninquisitive audience" (Will Crutchfield).“由已故作曲家所作的被证明的‘杰作’，由具有超凡魅力的明星演奏家为迎合越来越消极及缺乏好奇心的观众的欢乐而演奏” （威尔·克拉奇菲尔德）。〔put〕put all negative thoughts away.抛弃所有消极的思想〔negative〕"Life is full of overwhelming odds. You can't really eliminate the negatives but you can diminish them"(Art Linkletter)“生活充满了无法抵挡的机会，你不可能真正地消灭那些消极的因素，但是你能削弱他们”(阿特·林克莱特)〔Pynchon〕American writer whose dark, pessimistic novels of life in a technologically advanced society includeGravity's Rainbow (1973). 聘琼，托马斯：(生于 1937) 美国作家，他的黑色消极小说描述了工业技术发达社会中的生活，包括《万有引力之虹》 （1973年） 〔juggernaut〕"It doesn't assume that people need necessarily remain passive when confronted by what appears to be the juggernaut of history"(Christopher Lehmann-Haupt)“它并不想当然地认为，人们在面对看上去是势不可挡的历史潮流的事物时必定会保持消极顺从的态度”(克里斯托弗·莱曼—豪普特)〔negative〕negative ideas; a negative outlook on life.消极的办法；消极的人生观〔senile〕In earlier writings one finds phrases such as "asenile maturity of judgment" and "green and vigorous senility, ” demonstrating that these two words have not always been burdened with their current negative connotations. Senile and senility are examples of pejoration, the process by which a word's meaning changes for the worse over time.Even thoughsenile (first recorded in 1661) and senility (first recorded in 1778) initially had neutral senses such as "pertaining to old age,” it is probable that the weakness (in particular the mental weakness) that sometimes accompanies old age eventually caused negative senses to predominate.Certainly some pejorative associations were present in Latinsenīlis, "relating to an old man, aged,” the ultimate source of both words, and in related Latin words such assenēscere, which could mean "to deteriorate with age.” But it seems that pejorative associations have taken over these words in English through general usage,perhaps because average life expectancy has risen steadily over the years.在较早的文学作品中人们可以找到形如“判断力Senile（老练） 成熟”和“精力旺盛的有魄力的 Senility（老态龙钟） ”的短语，表明这两个词一直没有表示他们流行的消极的含义。 Senile 和 senility 是词义转贬的范例， 即一个词的意思随时间变化变得越来越坏。尽管senile （首次记载于1661年）和 senility （首次记载于1778年）最初具有中性的意义，例如“关于老年的”， 可能是伴随老年出现的衰弱（特别是智力衰弱）最终导致了反面的意思居支配地位。当然有一些词义转贬的联系表现在拉丁文中的senilis （“关于老人的，老年的”），是这两个词的最早的词源， 和与之相关的拉丁词如senecer ，意为“随年纪恶化”。 但是看起来在英语中通过广泛的使用词义转贬的联系已经取代了这些词，可能是由于平均估计寿命随时代发展稳步上升〔negative〕Having no positive features:消极的：没有积极的因素：〔active〕Being in a state of action; not passive or quiescent:活跃的：处于运动状态的；非消极的非不静止的：〔negative〕"As voters get to know his liberal views, his negatives will rise"(Richard M. Nixon)"I'm known for being very forthright and honest in my opinions. If that's a negative, it's a negative"(Kitty Dukakis)“当投票者开始了解他的自由派言论后，他的消极之处便会显露出来”(理查德M.尼克松)“我因发表见解正直且诚实而闻名，如果那也是缺点的话，它就是一个缺点”(基蒂·杜卡基斯)〔quietism〕A state of quietness and passivity.清静无为：一种安静且消极的状态〔Tolstoy〕Russian writer and philosopher whose great novelsWar and Peace (1864-1869) and Anna Karenina (1873-1876) offer extraordinary detail and profound psychological insights. His later theories of ethics and morality recommended nonparticipation in and passive resistance to evil. 托尔斯泰，利奥：(1828-1910) 俄国作家和哲学家，其著名小说《战争与和平》 （1864-1869年）和 《安娜·卡列尼娜》 （1873-1876年）情节细致，具有深奥的哲学见解。他后期道德伦理学上的理论主张不要参与邪恶，对邪恶必须进行消极的抗争 〔quietism〕A form of Christian mysticism enjoining passive contemplation and the beatific annihilation of the will.寂静主义：基督教神秘主义的一种形式，禁止消极的冥思以及意志极乐的消亡 |
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