| 单词 | 添加 |
| 释义 | 〔dash〕ice cream that was dashed with rum.添加兰姆酒的冰淇淋〔alkylate〕To add one or more alkyl groups to (a compound).使烷基化：在（一种化合物）中添加一个或多个烷基团〔accretion〕Growth or increase in size by gradual external addition, fusion, or inclusion.增长：因外部的添加，连接而生长或在体积上逐渐增大〔append〕To add as a supplement or an appendix:附加，添加，贴上：作为补充或附属物增加：〔taggant〕Any of various substances, such as microscopic pieces of multilayered colored plastic, added to a product to indicate its source of manufacture:它干的粉：一些用来添加在产品中以显示其制造来源的物质，例如多层染色塑料微粒：〔cater〕Latin ad- [ad-] 拉丁语 ad- [前缀，表“运动，变化，邻近，添加”] 〔applicant〕from Latin applicāns [present participle of] applicāre [to affix] * see apply 源自 拉丁语 applicāns applicāre的现在分词 [添加，贴上] * 参见 apply〔apperception〕Latin ad- [ad-] 拉丁语 ad- [前缀，表示“添加”，“临近”] 〔intercalary〕from intercalāre [to intercalate] * see intercalate 源自 intercalāre [添加] * 参见 intercalate〔tenderize〕To make (meat) tender, as by marinating, pounding, or applying a tenderizer.使嫩化：通过腌泡、捣舂或添加软化剂使（肉）软化，〔allude〕ad- [ad-] ad- [前缀，表“添加”] 〔borscht〕A beet soup served hot or cold, usually with sour cream.甜菜汤：热食或冷食的甜菜汤，通常添加酸奶油〔tinge〕A small amount of a color incorporated or added.色调：吸收或添加的少量的色彩〔margin〕To buy or hold (securities) by depositing or adding to a margin.缴纳保证金：通过存入或添加保证金来购买或持有（证券）〔jelly〕A soft, semisolid food substance with a resilient consistency, made by the setting of a liquid containing pectin or gelatin or by the addition of gelatin to a liquid, especially such a substance made of fruit juice containing pectin boiled with sugar.果子冻：一种软的有弹性、稠度大的半固体食品，由含有果胶或胶质的液体或者在液体中添加胶质而制成，尤指含有果胶的果汁加糖熬制而成的食品〔applaud〕ad- [ad-] ad- [前缀，表示“添加”] 〔interpolate〕To insert (material) into a text.在课本中添加（材料）〔allocate〕Latin ad- [ad-] 拉丁语 ad- [前缀，表“变化，添加”] 〔gild〕To make superfluous additions to what is already complete.画蛇添足：对原本已很完整的东西作多余的添加〔edition〕A version of an earlier publication having substantial changes or additions:修订版：对以前的出版物进行重大修改或添加的版本：〔tinge〕A slight added element, property, or influence:一丝痕迹：添加的很细微的要素，特性或影响：〔annihilate〕Latin ad- [ad-] 拉丁语 ad- [前缀，表示“添加”，“附加”] 〔subjoin〕To add at the end; append.增补；附加：在末尾添加〔appertain〕ad- [ad-] ad- [前缀，表示“添加”“增加”] 〔makeweight〕Something added only to fill a lack.无关重要的东西：只是为了补缺而添加的东西〔tack〕To add as an extra item; append:附加，添加：把…作为额外的一项加上；附加：〔touchup〕The act or an instance of finishing or improving by small changes, corrections, or additions.润色，修饰：通过小的修改、更正或添加而加以润色或修饰的行为或事例〔embellish〕To add ornamental or fictitious details to:添加细节：添加修饰性的或想象的细节于…：〔embellish〕a fanciful account that embellishes the true story.对这个真实故事添加的异想天开的解释〔exaggerate〕aggerāre [to pile up] from agger [pile] from aggerere [to bring to] ad- [ad-] gerere [to bring] aggerāre [堆起] 源自 agger [堆积] 源自 aggerere [带至] ad- [增加，添加] gerere [带来] 〔appraise〕Latin ad- [ad-] 拉丁语 ad- [前缀，表示“添加”] 〔diacritic〕A mark, such as the cedilla offaçade or the acute accents of résumé, added to a letter to indicate a special phonetic value or distinguish words that are otherwise graphically identical. 区别音符：一个添加到一个字母上的标志，如façade 上所加的变音符号或 résumé, 上表示发高音的记号，表示一个特殊的发音或用于区别与图示相同的词 〔accession〕Something that has been acquired or added; an acquisition.添加物，增加物：已获得或添加的事物；添加物〔chiffon〕Made light and fluffy by the addition of beaten egg whites or gelatin:通过添加搅拌成泡沫样的蛋清或者明胶而变得轻而松软的：〔append〕ad- [ad-] ad- [前缀，表示“添加”，“增加”] 〔opacifier〕A chemical agent added to a material, such as rocket propellant, to make it opaque.遮光剂：在物质中添加一种化学添加剂，如加在火箭助推器中，使之不反光〔stalactite〕The wordsstalagmite and stalactite have confused many a person. A look into the history of the Greek sources of these two words may help.Both words can be traced back to the wordstalassein, "to drip,” which is appropriatesince both words denote deposits in caves formed by the dripping of mineral-rich water.The Greek base from whichstalassein was formed was stalak- and to this base were added several endings that concern us,specifically-ma, a noun suffix most frequently denoting the result of an action, -mo-, a suffix denoting the action of a verb as well as a result, and -to-, an adjective suffix forming verbal adjectives. With these suffixes and the addition of the inflectional endings, as well as a sound change from (k) to (g) before (m),we getstalagma, "that which drops, a drop,” stalagmos, "dropping, dripping of stalactites,” and stalaktos, "dropping, dripping.” Using these Greek words,Olaus Wormius formed the Modern Latin wordstalactītēs, the stalac- part meaning "dripping" and the-ītēs part being commonly used to name fossils and minerals when preceded by a form expressing a physical characteristic, in this case "dripping.” Wormius also used the termstalagmītēs, the stalag- portion expressing the notion of what drops, taken either fromstalagma, "that which drops, a drop,” or stalagmos, "dropping of stalactites.” Stalactītēs and stalagmītēs, of course, are the sources of our English words stalactite (first recorded in 1677), the formation on the tops of caves, and stalagmite (first recorded in 1681), the formation on the bottoms of caves. They have been causing trouble ever since.单词stalagmite 和 stalactite 令许多人混淆。 对这两个词的希腊起源历史进行研究可能会帮助理解。这两个字都能追溯到单词stalassein （“滴下”）， 这是很恰当的，因为两个字都表示洞里由富含矿物的水下滴而形成的沉积。形成stalassein 的希腊根源是 stalak- ， 在这个根源上加上几个与我们有关的词尾，特别是-ma （往往用来表示动作结果的名词后缀）， -mo- （用来表示动词的动作和结果的后缀）和 -to- （形成动词性形容词的形容词后缀）。 通过这些后缀和屈折变化词尾的添加以及在(m)前面由(k)到(g)的变音，我们得到了stalagma （“滴下的东西，一滴”）、 stalagmos “滴，滴下钟乳石”和 stalaktos （“落下，滴下的”）。 利用这些希腊字，奥罗斯·沃米斯组成了现代拉丁单词stalactites ， stalac- 意指“滴”。 而-ites 当由一个表示物理特征的形式开头时，通常用来表示化石和矿物，指“滴下”。 沃米斯也使用stalagmites ， stalag- 表示滴下的东西的概念， 源于stalagma （“滴下的东西，一滴”）或 stalagmos （“滴下的钟乳石”）。 stalacitites 和 stalagmites ，当然是我们的英语单词 stalactite （首次出现于1677年）即洞穴顶部的形成物和 stalagmite （最早记载于1681年）即洞穴底部的形成物的源头。 自那以后它们就常造成一些麻烦〔lonely〕Henry Bradley, one of the four editors of theOxford English Dictionary, said "It is a truth often overlooked, but not unimportant, that every addition to the resources of a language must in the first instance have been due to an act (though not necessarily to a voluntary or conscious act) of some one person.”In many casesthis one person may have been an author,since the first recorded instance of a word is often found in an author's work.Of course, as Bradley warns,this is the firstrecorded instance; it is possible that a given author picked up the word or sense somewhere elseor that these reside undiscovered in an earlier work.In any caseit might be a minor relief of our condition the next time we feel lonely to know that the first recorded instance of the wordlonely occurs in the works of Shakespeare. The passage appears inCoriolanus (1607-1608) in a speech by Coriolanus to his mother Volumnia:"My mother, you wot [know] well/My hazards still have been your solace, and/Believe't not lightly—though I go alone,/Like to alonely dragon, that his fen/Makes fear'd and talk'd of more than seen—your son/Will or exceed the common or be caught/With cautelous [crafty] baits and practice.” Lonely here, of course, has the sense "solitary.” The dragon does not feel dejected,or if he does,he does not seem to know how to reach out to others effectively.牛津英语词典 的四位编纂者之一亨利·布莱德雷说： “人们经常忽视这样一个现实，但它并非不重要，那就是对某种语言词汇的每一次添加都首先是由于某一个人的行为（尽管不一定是自愿的或有意识的行为）”。许多时候，这一个人可能是个作者，因为一个词有记载的首次使用往往出自一位作者的作品。当然，正如布莱德雷所提醒人们的，这是首次有记载的 的例子； 某个作者可能是从别处学到这个词或这个意思，或是这个词或意思在更早的作品中已经出现，只是未被人们发现。不管怎样，当我们知道lonely 这个词的有记载的首次使用出现在莎士比亚的作品中时，这些都不大能减轻我们的沮丧心情。 在卡里奥拉纳斯 （1607-1608年）中， 卡里奥拉纳斯对他母亲弗罗姆尼娅讲的一段话中有这样的文字：“我的母亲，你清楚地知道／我的冒险一直是你的安慰，而且／不要轻信——尽管我要只身前往，／就象去面对一条孤单的 龙，他的沼泽／令人谈而色变，尽管并未亲见——你的儿子／决意或是胜过凡人或是被狡猾的圈套和手段擒捉”。 Lonely 在这里的意思当然是“孤单的”。 龙不会感到沮丧，即便它感到沮丧，他也不太可能知道如何让别人体会到它的感情〔apparatus〕ad- [ad-] ad- [前缀，表示“添加”] 〔coadunate〕Latin adūnāre [to unite] ad- [ad-] ūnus [one] * see oi-no- 拉丁语 adūnāre [联合] ad- [前缀，表“添加”] ūnus [一个] * 参见 oi-no- |
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