| 单词 | 滑稽 |
| 释义 | 〔cut〕To behave in a playful, comic, or boisterous way; clown.卖弄，炫耀：以开玩笑的、滑稽的或喧闹的方式行动；扮小丑〔absquatulate〕The vibrant energy of American English sometimes appears in the use of Latin affixes to create jocular pseudo-Latin "learned" words.There is a precedent for this in the language of Shakespeare,whose plays contain scores of made-up Latinate words.Midlandabsquatulate has a prefix ab-, "away from,” and a suffix-ate, "to act upon in a specified manner,” affixed to a nonexistent base form-squatul-, probably suggested bysquat. Hence the whimsicalabsquatulate, "to squat away from.” Another such coinage is Northernbusticate, which joins bust with -icate by analogy with verbs like medicate. Southernargufy joins argue to a redundant -fy, "to make; cause to become.” These creations are largely confined to regions of the United States where change is slow,and where the 19th-century love for Latinate words and expressions is still manifest.For example, Appalachian speech is characterized by the frequent use ofrecollect, aggravate, oblige, and other such words. 美国英语的创造力有时表现在用拉丁文词缀去创造滑稽的假拉丁文“文雅”的单词。莎士比亚的语言是一先行者，他的戏剧中有大量创造出来的拉丁词。中部地区的absquatulate 有一前缀 ab-， 表“离开，走开，” 和一个后缀-ate， 表“以特殊方式行事，” 这些再加在一个不存在的词根上-squatul-， 也许是由squat 而来的。 所以奇特的absquatulate 表“走开，离开。” 另外一个这样的造词是从北部的busticate 来的，这是把 bust 加上 -icate 变来的，如同源动词 medicate。 南部的argufy 把 argue 加上多余的 -fy， 意为“变成；使成为”。 这种造词只见于美国变化较慢的地区，在那儿仍保持了19世纪那种喜好拉丁语词语的习惯。比如在阿巴拉契亚地区的语言中，如同recollect，aggravate，oblige 和其他这样一些词经常被使用的 〔Dixie〕A region of the southern and eastern United States, usually comprising the states that joined the Confederacy during the Civil War. The term was popularized in the minstrel song "Dixie's Land,” written by Daniel D. Emmett (1815-1904) in 1859.迪克西：美国南部和东部的地区，通常包括那些内战中组成南部邦联的各州。该称呼由滑稽说唱的歌曲“迪克西的土地”而普及，该歌是由丹尼尔·D·艾默特（1815—1904年）于1859年写成的〔legitimate〕Of or relating to drama of high professional quality that excludes burlesque, vaudeville, and some forms of musical comedy:正统剧的：（关于）拥有高级专业质量的戏剧的，不包括滑稽、歌舞杂耍及某些形式的音乐喜剧：〔buffo〕A man who sings comic opera roles.滑稽男演员：扮演滑稽角色的男歌手〔gag〕A comic effect or remark.See Synonyms at joke 噱头：滑稽的效果或言谈 参见 joke〔interlocutor〕The performer in a minstrel show who is placed midway between the end men and engages in banter with them.问话者：在滑稽说唱表演中，站在滑稽插话演员中间与他们戏谑的演员〔nerd〕The wordnerd and a nerd, undefined but illustrated, first appeared in 1950 in Dr. Seuss'sIf I Ran the Zoo : "And then, just to show them,I'll sail to Ka-Troo And Bring Back an It-Kutch a Preep and a Proo a Nerkle a Nerd and a Seersucker, too!” (The nerd itself is a small humanoid creature looking comically angry,like a thin, cross Chester A. Arthur.)Nerd next appears, with a gloss, in the February 10, 1957, issue of the Glasgow, Scotland, Sunday Mail in a regular column entitled "ABC for SQUARES": "Nerd—a square, any explanation needed?”Many of the terms defined in this "ABC" are unmistakable Americanisms,such ashep, ick, and jazzy, as is the gloss "square,” the current meaning ofnerd. The third appearance ofnerd in print is back in the United States in 1970 in Current Slang : “Nurd [sic], someone with objectionable habits or traits. . . . An uninteresting person, a ‘dud.’” Authorities disagree on whether the two nerds—Dr. Seuss's small creature and the teenage slang term in theGlasgow Sunday Mail —are the same word. Some experts claim there is no semantic connectionand the identity of the words is fortuitous.Others maintain that Dr. Seuss is the true originator ofnerd and that the wordnerd ("comically unpleasant creature") was picked up by the five- and six-year-olds of 1950 and passed on to their older siblings, who by 1957, as teenagers,had restricted and specified the meaning to the most comically obnoxious creature of their own class,a "square.”单词nerd 和 a nerd，无定义但有说明， 第一次出现于1950年瑟斯博士写的要是我管动物园 中： “然后，仅仅是为了给他们看，我将航行到Ka-Troo，并带回It-Kutch a Preep和a Proo a Nerkle a Nerd ，还有一件印度泡泡纱！”（蠢货本身是一个具有人类特点的小动物，一副好笑发怒的样子，像瘦小很生气的切斯特·A阿瑟）。Nerd 接着在1957年2月10日苏格兰格拉斯哥人一期杂志上再次出现，还有一个解释。 星期日邮报 在一常设栏目中出了题为“古板之人ABC"的文章： "Nerd——古板之人，还需要任何解释吗?”许多在这个"ABC"中定义的术语是明显的美国特有词，如hep,ick 和 jazzy ， 正如nerd 的现行意思“古板之人”一样， nerd 第三次出现于印刷品中又回到了1970年美国的 最新俚语 中： “Nurd ［原文如此］带有令人不快的习惯或品质的人…一个没趣的人，一个‘饭桶。’” 权威们对这两个蠢货--瑟斯博士所指的小动物和格拉斯奇星期日邮报 上的青少年俚语是否是同一个词持不同意见。 有些专家宣称此处无语义联系，两个词的相似属偶然。其他人则坚持瑟斯博士是nerd 一词的始创者， 且nerd 一词（意为“令人不快的滑稽小动物”）让1950年时五、六岁的孩子们学会并传给了比他们大些的兄姐。 到1957年，作为青少年，他们把意思限定和专指他们当中最滑稽讨厌的家伙，即“古板守旧”的人〔caricature〕A representation, especially pictorial or literary, in which the subject's distinctive features or peculiarities are deliberately exaggerated to produce a comic or grotesque effect.漫画，讽刺文章：一种表述，尤指用图画表述或用文字表述，其中主题的显著特征或特质被有意夸张以产生一种滑稽的或荒诞的效果〔harlequinade〕Farcical clowning or buffoonery.滑稽的小丑或滑稽表演〔jokey〕Characterized by joking or jokes, especially stale or clumsy jokes:好开玩笑的，滑稽的：以爱开玩笑或爱说笑话（尤指陈腐拙劣的笑话）为特征的：〔fool〕To behave in a playful or comical manner.以滑稽，玩笑的方式行动〔uproarious〕Causing hearty laughter; hilarious:令人捧腹大笑的；滑稽的：〔larky〕Silly; zany:愚蠢的；滑稽的：〔jocose〕Characterized by joking; humorous.滑稽的，逗乐的；幽默的〔jokey〕jokey bumper stickers.贴在汽车保险杠上的滑稽小标语〔Belloc〕French-born British writer. Considered a master of light English prose, he was also known widely for his droll verse, especiallyThe Bad Child's Book of Beasts (1896). 贝洛克，西莱尔：(1870-1953) 法裔英籍作家。被认为是英国幽默散文大师，以其滑稽散文，尤其是《坏孩子的动物图书》 （1896年）而广为人知 〔spoonerism〕A transposition of sounds of two or more words, especially a ludicrous one, such asLet me sew you to your sheet for Let me show you to your seat. 首音调换：两个或更多单词发音的转换，特别是较为滑稽的转换，例如Let me show you to you 换成 Let me sew you to your sheet 〔humor〕The quality that makes something laughable or amusing; funniness:诙谐，滑稽：使某事物可笑或者有趣的属性；诙谐：〔cakewalk〕A 19th-century public entertainment among American Black people in which walkers performing the most accomplished or amusing steps won cakes as prizes.美国黑人所创的步态竞赛：19世纪美国黑人中的一种公共娱乐形式，比赛中迈最为熟练而滑稽的步伐步行者赢得蛋糕作为奖品〔jocular〕Characterized by joking.滑稽的，逗乐的〔humor〕could not see the humor of the situation.没有看过比这更滑稽的场面了〔facete〕Witty; facetious.滑稽的；诙谐的〔fun〕The use offun as an attributive adjective, as ina fun time, a fun place, most likely originated in a playful reanalysis of the use of the word in sentencessuch asIt is fun to ski, wherefun behaves syntactically like an adjective such as amusing or swell. The usage became popular in the 1950's and 1960's, though there is some evidence to suggest that it has 19th-century antecedents.Certainly the sense of this word makes it particularly susceptible to jocular treatment.But as with other such reanalyses (for example, in the expressiona whole 'nother ), the usage appears to have persisted after the original flavor had been lost.Thus there is no intimation of humorous intent in a press release that announces: fun 作为定语形容词使用， 如一段愉快的时光，一个娱乐场所， 极有可能源于对此词在某些句中用法的玩笑性再分析，如滑雪真好玩 从句法功能来讲， fun 在这里的用法象 amusing 或 swell 之类的形容词。 尽管有证据表明19世纪就出现这种用法了，但开始变得流行却在19世纪50,60年代。当然，此词的这层含义尤令人怀疑对方是否在打趣。但正如其他这类再分析词（例如，在句子a whole 'nother 中一样）， 此用法在最初的含义都失去之后，还一直坚持使用下来。因此当报界发布以下消息时就从中找不出任何滑稽意味了： 〔fabliau〕A medieval verse tale characterized by comic, ribald treatment of themes drawn from life.故事诗：中世纪的韵文故事，其特征为来源于生活的滑稽、粗俗的主题〔parody〕Something so bad as to be equivalent to intentional mockery; a travesty:拙劣的模仿，滑稽的模仿：模仿得不好以至不能与当初打算做的嘲弄相提并论的东西；拙劣的模仿作品：〔Hardy〕American comedian famous for the slapstick abuse he inflicted upon his partner in the comedy team of Laurel and Hardy.哈代，奥利弗：(1892-1957) 美国喜剧作家，以其在劳雷和哈台喜剧组里给予其同伴的滑稽粗俗的笑骂而著名〔spoof〕When a comedian spoofs a television show or someone watches such a spoof,one is indebted to Arthur Roberts (1852-1933),a British comedian who invented a game calledSpoof, which involved trickery and nonsense.The first recorded reference to the game in 1884refers to its revival.It was not long beforethe wordspoof took on the general sense "nonsense, trickery,” first recorded in 1889. The verbspoof is first recorded in 1889 as well, in the sense "to deceive.” These senses are less widely used now than the noun sense "a light parody or satirical imitation,” first recorded in 1958,and the verb sense "to satirize gently,” first recorded in 1927.In the 1969American Heritage Dictionary the Usage Panel found both usages acceptable in writing at all levels,which seems the obvious finding since these senses had come to be so important to the use of the term.当一个喜剧演员在电视剧里表演滑稽讽刺剧或者当人们看到此类表演时，人们应当感激亚瑟·罗伯茨(1852-1933年），一个发明了叫做Spoof 剧的英国喜剧家。 此剧包括打趣和滑稽言辞。1884年第一次记载此类剧，表明它的兴起。不久以后，spoof 一词有了“傻话，哄骗”的一般意义，1889年第一次记载下来。 动词spoof 也首次记载于1889年，是“欺骗”的意义。 这些意思现在不如该词首次记载于1958年的名词意思“轻浮地讽刺模仿品和滑稽模仿作品”使用广泛，“轻浮地讽刺”的动词意义首次记载于1927年。1969年，美国词源字典 词语用法专家发现， 两种用法在许多情况下都可以接受。由于这些意思的使用已经变得相当重要，因而似乎很容易发现此种情况〔sock〕Comic drama; comedy:喜剧：滑稽的戏剧；喜剧：〔put〕To cause to commit a funny, mischievous, or malicious act:作恶作剧：使（某人）做出滑稽的、恶作剧的或恶毒的行为：〔jest〕A playful or amusing act; a prank.See Synonyms at joke 诙谐：开玩笑或滑稽的动作；开玩笑 参见 joke〔Hart〕American lyricist whose song credits include "The Lady Is a Tramp,” "My Funny Valentine,” and "Blue Moon.”哈特，洛伦佐·米尔顿：(1895-1943) 美国抒情诗人，他的成名作品包括“她是个妓女”、“我的滑稽情人”和“蓝色月亮”〔facetious〕from facētus [witty] 源自 facētus [滑稽的] 〔jocular〕Latin ioculāris [droll] 拉丁语 ioculāris [滑稽的] 〔humorous〕Full of or characterized by humor; funny:幽默的，滑稽的：充满幽默的或以幽默为特征的；诙谐的：〔hoot〕"Emmett, that skirt is a hoot!”(Bobbie Ann Mason)“爱米特，那条裙子真是滑稽”(鲍比·安·梅森)〔burlesque〕The antics of the defense attorneys turned the trial into a burlesque of justice.辩护律师们滑稽的动作将审判变成了对正义的滑稽的模仿〔risibility〕Often risibilities A sense of the ludicrous or amusing. 常作 risibilities 幽默感：荒唐可笑或滑稽的感觉〔Punchinello〕One who is felt to resemble a short, fat clown.滑稽的矮胖子：感觉像又矮又胖的小丑者〔Punch〕The quarrelsome hook-nosed husband of Judy in the comic puppet showPunch and Judy. 潘趣：传统滑稽木偶剧潘趣与朱迪 中爱惹事生非的鹰钩鼻的木偶形象，是朱迪的丈夫 |
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