| 单词 | 演讲者 |
| 释义 | 〔format〕They formatted the conference so that each speaker had less than 15 minutes to deliver a paper.他们安排了会议以至每个演讲者有不到15分钟的时间发表演讲〔fasten〕All eyes fastened on the speaker.所有的眼光都集中在演讲者身上〔articulate〕an articulate speaker.口才好的演讲者〔go〕Go has long been used to describe the production of nonlinguistic noises, as inThe train went "toot.” The cow goes "moo.” In recent years, however,younger speakers have extended this use ofgo to the report of speech, as inThen he goes, "You think you're real smart, don't you.” For speakers young enough to get away with it,this usage serves a useful purpose in informal spoken narrative as an explicit indicator of a direct quotation, particularly when the speaker wishes to mimic the accent or intonation of the original spoken source.Largely restricted to the "narrative present" used in vivid description,it is highly inappropriate in formal speech or writing.Go 很久以来用来描述非语言学上的发声， 如在火车发出“突突”声， 牛“哞哞”地叫。 然而，近些年来，年轻的演讲者把go 的这一用法运用到演讲报告中去了， 如在接着他说道，“你认为你 的确 聪明，是吗？” 。 由于年轻人太年轻了而被人们忽视了这一误用，这一用法在非正式口语中作为直接引语的明显的指示词起到十分有益的作用，尤其在说话者想模仿原口语材料的重音或语调时，这一作用更明显。主要用于生动形象的“描述”里，限于陈述句现在时中，在正式的演讲或书面语中十分不适用〔fluent〕a fluent speaker; fluent in three languages.能言善道的演讲者；流畅地说三种语言〔Douglass〕American abolitionist and journalist who escaped from slavery (1838) and became an influential lecturer in the North and abroad. He wroteNarrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (1845) and cofounded and edited the North Star (1847-1860), an abolitionist newspaper. 道格拉斯，弗雷德里克：(1817-1895) 美国废奴运动者和记者，他逃离了奴隶束缚(1838年），在北方和国外成为有影响力的演讲者。他著有《弗雷德里克·道格拉斯的生平》 （1845年），与人合作创办并编辑了一种支持废奴的报纸 《北方星辰》 （184-1860年） 〔excite〕speakers who know how to excite a crowd.See Synonyms at provoke 知道怎样打动人群的演讲者 参见 provoke〔deb〕A debutante.首次进入社交界的青年，首次登台的演员（或演讲者）〔lectern〕A stand that serves as a support for the notes or books of a speaker.演讲台，演讲桌：一个用来放演讲者的书或笔记架子〔strut〕a pompous lecturer strutting back and forth across the stage;一个在台上趾高气扬地来回走的演讲者；〔barrage〕barraging the speaker with questions;接二连三地向演讲者提出问题；〔soul〕A strong, deeply felt emotion conveyed by a speaker, a performer, or an artist.激情：演讲者、表演者或艺术家所传送被感觉到的一种强烈的深刻感情〔exact〕an exact speaker.一个严谨的演讲者〔blast〕speakers blasting at full volume.演讲者扯着喉咙说话〔hone〕a speaker who honed her delivery by long practice.一个演讲者通过长期练习来磨练提高她的口才〔following〕a lecturer with a large following.具有大批崇拜者的演讲者〔windy〕a windy speaker.空话连篇的演讲者〔Depew〕American lawyer, railroad executive, and politician renowned for his wit and charm as an after-dinner speaker.迪普，昌西·米切尔：(1834-1928) 美国律师、铁路行政官和政治家，因其作为饭后演讲者的机智和魅力而著称〔active〕A dynamic speaker, the senator often persuades her colleagues to change their votes.这位参议员--一个充满活力的演讲者经常劝说她的同事改变他们的表决。〔laugh〕laughed the speaker off the stage; laughed the proposal down.用笑声把演讲者赶下台；用笑声否定了这项提议〔healthy〕The distinction in meaning betweenhealthy ("possessing good health") and healthful ("conducive to good health") was ascribed to the two terms only as late as the 1880's. This distinction, though tenaciously supported by some critics,is belied by citational evidence—evidence clearly indicating thathealthy and healthful have shared the meaning "conducive to good health" since at least the mid-16th century, or for more than 400 years. Use ofhealthy in this sense is to be found in the works of a broad group of distinguished speakers and writers of English, with this example being typical: Healthy （“拥有良好的健康状况”）和 healthful （“有益于健康的”）在意思上的区别直到19世纪80年代才被确定。 虽然有些专家固执地支持这种区别，但它与引文中得出的证据不符——这些证据清楚地表明至少从16世纪中叶或者说四百多年来，healthy 和 healthful 都有“有益于健康的”这一意义。 Healthy 这一意义从一大群杰出的演讲者和作家的作品中可以找到，在这个意义上的用法以这个例子最具代表性： 〔Wiesel〕Romanian-born writer and lecturer. A survivor of Nazi concentration camps, he is dedicated to preserving the memory of the Holocaust. He won the 1986 Nobel Peace Prize.韦瑟尔，伊利：罗马尼亚裔作家和演讲者。作为纳粹集中营的幸存者，他致力于令后人铭记当年的大屠杀。他获得1986年诺贝尔和平奖〔spearhead〕"spearheaded the effort to offer classes in settlement houses[and] provide lecturers to women's clubs" (Catherine Clinton)“带头在定居区提供课堂［并且］ 为妇女俱乐部配备演讲者” (凯瑟琳·克林顿)〔dais〕A raised platform, as in a lecture hall, for speakers or honored guests.高座，上座：高出的讲台，如在演讲厅，为演讲者和尊贵的客人准备的〔mesmerism〕When the members of an audience sit mesmerized by a speaker,their reactions do not take the form of dancing, sleeping, or falling into convulsions.But if Franz Anton Mesmer were addressing the audience,such behavior could be expected.Mesmer, a visionary 18th-century physician,believed cures could be effected by having patients do thingssuch as sit with their feet in a fountain of magnetized waterwhile holding cables attached to magnetized trees.Mesmer then came to believe that magnetic powers resided in himself,and during highly fashionable curative sessions in Parishe caused his patients to have reactions ranging from sleeping or dancing to convulsions.These reactions were actually brought about by hypnotic powers that Mesmer was unaware he possessed.One of his pupils, named Puységur, then used the termmesmerism (first recorded in English in 1802) for Mesmer's practices. The related wordmesmerize (first recorded in English in 1829), having shed its reference to the hypnotic doctor, lives on in the sense "to enthrall.”当一群观众被一位演讲者深深吸引时，他们的反应方式不会是舞蹈、睡眠或哄堂大笑。但是如果换了弗兰茨·奥顿·梅斯梅尔来给这群听众作演讲的话，那么这些行为是有可能发生的。梅斯梅尔，这位18世纪眼光远大的医师，认为可以通过诸如以下方法来治疗疾病，即让病人把脚放在有磁性的水中，同时手执与磁力场相连接的电线。此后，梅斯梅尔又认为他自己体内就存在着磁力，并且他在巴黎推行他的治疗方法的过程中，他又使他的病人们作出了睡眠、舞蹈直至抽搐等各种反应。这些反应实际上是他所拥有的催眠力导致的，但他自己却不知道自己拥有这样的力量。后来，梅斯梅尔的一个叫做皮勒塞格尔的学生采用了mesmerism （在英语中始见于1802年）这一字眼来给梅斯梅尔的治疗方法命名。 另一相关词汇mesmerize （在英语中始见于1829年）则摒弃了与这位催眠医师的关系， 现在这个词意是“迷惑住” |
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