| 单词 | 火山岩 |
| 释义 | 〔orthoclase〕A variety of feldspar, essentially potassium aluminum silicate, KAlSi3O 8, characterized by a monoclinic crystalline structure and found in igneous or granitic rock. Also called potash feldspar 正长石：一种长石类，特别是钾、铝、硅合物，KAlSi3O 8，其特征为单颗晶体结构，发现于火山岩或花岗岩中 也作 potash feldspar〔spherulite〕A small, usually spheroid body consisting of radiating crystals, found in obsidian and other glassy lava rocks.球粒：由放射状结晶构成的通常为球状的小粒，常见于黑曜岩及其他玻璃质的火山岩中〔basalt〕A hard, dense, dark volcanic rock composed chiefly of plagioclase, pyroxene, and olivine, and often having a glassy appearance.玄武岩：一种硬的、致密的、黑色的火山岩。它主要由斜长石、辉石和橄榄石组成，外表经常很光滑〔lava〕Molten rock that reaches the earth's surface through a volcano or fissure.火山岩：通过火山口或裂缝溢出地表的岩石融化物〔rhyolite〕A fine-grained extrusive volcanic rock, similar to granite in composition and usually exhibiting flow lines.流纹岩：一种精细纹理的喷出火山岩，在成分上类似于花岗岩并通常显现流线〔agglomerate〕A volcanic rock consisting of rounded and angular fragments fused together.集块岩：由圆形石块和有角的石块聚结而成的火山岩〔dacite〕A light gray volcanic rock containing a mixture of plagioclase and other crystalline minerals in glassy silica, similar in appearance to rhyolite.石英安山岩：一种浅灰色的火山岩，包含斜长石与其它呈光滑硅土状的结晶矿物，在外表上与流纹岩相似〔lahar〕Javanese [lava] 爪哇语 [火山岩] 〔andesite〕A gray, fine-grained volcanic rock, chiefly plagioclase and feldspar.安山岩：一种灰色的，纹理细密的火山岩，主要是斜长石和似长石〔phonolite〕A light-colored volcanic rock composed largely of feldspars.响石，响岩：大部分由长岩组成的淡色的火山岩〔lava〕Lava was appropriately named by people living near Mount Vesuvius.The only active volcano on the European mainland, Vesuvius has erupted frequently since Pompeii and Herculaneum were buried by it ina.d. 79. The Neapolitans who lived in the vicinity took a word in Italian,lava, meaning "a stream caused suddenly by rain,” and applied it to the streams of molten rock coming down the sides of Vesuvius. The term was then taken into Standard Italian,where it came to mean the rock in both its molten and its solidified states.The Italian word in all its senses was borrowed into English around the middle of the 18th century (1750 being the earliest date of record).火山岩这一恰当的名称是由生活在维苏威火山附近的居民命名的。维苏威火山是欧洲大陆唯一的活火山，自从公元 79年庞贝和赫库兰尼姆被它埋没以来，它一直频繁爆发。 生活在附近的那不勒斯人用意大利语中的一个单词lava 指代从维苏威火山上流淌下来的熔化岩石流，而这个词的本意是“由雨水骤然形成的溪流”。 这一词语被纳入标准意大利语，意为处于熔化或凝固状态的岩石。大约在18世纪中期，这一意大利单词和其含义都被借用到英语之中（最早的记录见于1750年） |
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