| 单词 | 灭绝 |
| 释义 | 〔ichthyornis〕Any of various extinct, toothed birds of the genusIchthyornis that existed during the Cretaceous Period. 鱼鸟：生存于白垩纪，现已灭绝的有牙齿的鱼鸟 属动物 〔neanthropic〕Of or relating to members of the extant speciesHomo sapiens as compared with other, now extinct species of Homo. 现在人的：属于或关于现在存在的人种的智人 和其他的现在灭绝的 人 的人种相比较 〔die〕To cease living completely; become extinct:灭绝：完全的灭亡；灭绝：〔extinct〕from Latin exstīnctus [past participle of] exstinguere [to extinguish] * see extinguish 源自 拉丁语 exstīnctus exstinguere的过去分词 [灭绝] * 参见 extinguish〔extinct〕No longer existing or living:灭绝的：不再存在的或不再活的：〔Taino〕A member of an Arawak people of the Greater Antilles and the Bahamas who became extinct under Spanish colonization during the 16th century.泰诺人：大安的列斯群岛和巴哈马群岛上阿拉瓦克族的一支，在16世纪西班牙殖民时期灭绝〔overfish〕To fish (a body of water) to such a degree as to upset the ecological balance or cause depletion of living creatures.对（渔场等）捕捞过度：（在某水体中）过度捕鱼从而打破了生态平衡或引起这些生物的灭绝〔genocide〕The systematic and planned extermination of an entire national, racial, political, or ethnic group.种族屠杀：有组织地、蓄意地进行的对整个国家、种族、政治或文化群体的灭绝〔Susquehannock〕A Native American people formerly located along the Susquehanna River in New York, Pennsylvania, and Maryland. The Susquehannock were extinct by 1763.萨斯奎哈诺克族：美洲一土著民族，以前定居在纽约州、宾夕法尼亚和马里兰州的萨斯奎哈那河。萨斯奎哈诺克族于1763年灭绝〔yes〕The wordyes is a good example of how an ordinary and frequently used word can have a complex etymology. We can traceyes back to two Indo-European roots, .i-, a pronominal stem, and .es-, "to be.” From two extended forms of.i-, .yām and .yāi, came the prehistoric Common Germanic forms.jā and jai, which gave us Old Englishgeā, an affirmative particle, the source of Modern Englishyea. The Indo-European root.es- is the source of our forms am and is. From the stem.sī- used to make verb forms in the optative mood, a mood used to express a wish, came the Germanic form.sijai-, which gave us Old Englishsīe, "may it be so.” This form, unlike the sources ofam and is, died out, but before disappearing it had combined with Old Englishgēa to form the compound gēse, the ancestor of our wordyes. Thissīe was destined to have even more of a triumph. Until around 1600yea was used to respond to positive expressions, whereasyes was used to respond to negative expressions. After that timeyes became a response to both positive and negative expressions, yea surviving primarily in voice votes. yes 一词是说明一个普通常用词如何拥有一复杂词源的极好例证。 我们可以追溯yes 到两个印欧语词根， 代名词词干i- 和 es- “是”。 从i-的两种扩展形式，yam 和 yai， 形成了史前普通日耳曼语形式ja 和 jai, 它们又带来了古英语中的肯定虚词gea ， 这便是现代英语yea 的来源。 而印欧语词根es- 是我们 am 和 is 两形式的源头。 以is- ，一个用于制造祈愿语气动词的词干， 产生出日尔曼形式sijai-， 并由此形成了古英语sie, “希望如此”。 这种形式不象am 和 is 的词源，已经灭绝了， 但在消失之前，它已经和古英语gea 混合形成复合词 gese， 即我们的单词yes 的前身。 这个sie 注定要获取更大的胜利。 直至1600年左右，yea 还被用于回答肯定的陈述； 而yes 则用于回答否定陈述。 此后，yes 既可作肯定也可否定表达的回答， yea 则主要在口头投票时使用 〔extinction〕The fact of being extinct or the process of becoming extinct:灭绝：灭绝的事实或变绝种的经过：〔Hitler〕Austrian-born founder of the German Nazi Party and chancellor of the Third Reich (1933-1945). His fascist philosophy, embodied inMein Kampf (1925-1927), attracted widespread support, and after 1934 he ruled as an absolute dictator. Hitler's pursuit of aggressive nationalist policies resulted in the invasion of Poland (1939) and the subsequent outbreak of World War II. His regime was infamous for the extermination of millions of people, especially European Jews. He committed suicide when the collapse of the Third Reich was imminent (1945). 希特勒，阿道夫：(1889-1945) 奥地利裔德国纳粹党的创始人，曾任第三帝国(1933-1945年）的总理，他的法西斯哲学主要体现在《我的奋斗》 （1925-1927年）一书中，并得到广大的支持，1934后成为全权独裁者。他执行的侵略性民族主义国家政策，造成了对波兰的入侵和随后的第二次世界大战的爆发，他因对尤其是欧洲犹太人等数百万人口的灭绝政策而臭名昭彰，并于第三帝国即将崩溃时(1945年）自杀 〔Timucua〕The extinct language of the Timucua.提默瓜语：已经灭绝的提默瓜语言〔Cumanagoto〕A member of an extinct South American Indian people of northeast Venezuela.库马纳戈托人：原居于委内瑞拉东北部，现已灭绝的南美印第安人〔chimpanzee〕A gregarious anthropoid ape(Pan troglodytes) of tropical Africa, having long dark hair and somewhat arboreal habits and exhibiting humanlike behavior and a high degree of intelligence. It is now considered vulnerable to extinction in the wild. 黑猩猩：产于非洲热带地区的一种长有长长的黑毛群居类人猿（黑猩猩） ，有一些栖于树上的生活习惯且表现出与人类相似的行为以及高等的智力，现在被认为在荒野里很可能灭绝 〔Ciboney〕A member of an American Indian people formerly inhabiting the Greater Antilles. Of unknown origin and linguistic affiliation, the Ciboney were largely displaced by Taino settlers prior to European contact and were extinct by the end of the 16th century.席伯尼族：美国印第安民族的成员之一。曾居住在大安地列斯群岛。席伯尼族历史及语言背景均不明，在欧洲与美洲产生联系之前，该民族大部分成员就被泰诺人强迫离开其居住地并在16世纪末灭绝〔Duwamish〕A Native American people formerly inhabiting an area of the eastern shore of Puget Sound near present-day Seattle, Washington. The Duwamish became extinct as a people in the 20th century.杜瓦米希族：美洲原住民之一，原居于今日华盛顿西雅图附近的皮尤吉特湾东岸一带。杜瓦米希族此族于20世纪灭绝〔extirpate〕To destroy totally; exterminate.See Synonyms at abolish 完全消灭；灭绝 参见 abolish〔calamite〕Any of various extinct, chiefly carboniferous trees of the genusCalamites, related to the modern-day herbaceous horsetails (Equisetum). 芦木：一种芦木 属主要生长于石炭纪的、现已灭绝的树木，与现代的草本马尾草 （芦木属） 有一定联系 〔Mesozoic〕Of, relating to, or being the third era of geologic time, including the Triassic Period, the Jurassic Period, and the Cretaceous Period and characterized by the development of flying reptiles, birds, and flowering plants and the appearance and extinction of dinosaurs. See table at geologic time 中生代的：包括三叠纪、侏罗纪和白垩纪在内的地质史上第三个时代的，它以飞行的爬虫类、鸟类及开花植物类的发展和恐龙的出现与灭绝为特征，或关于这个时代的 参见 geologic time〔cahow〕An earth-burrowing, nocturnal bird(Pterodroma cahow), once abundant in Bermuda but now nearly extinct, with a hooked black beak, brown and white plumage, and a gray underside. Also called Bermuda petrel 百慕大圆尾鹱：一种善掘洞的、夜间活动的鸟（百慕大圆尾鹱）， 曾一度在百慕大大量存在，而今已近于灭绝，有着钩一样的黑色的喙、棕色和白色的羽毛以及灰白色的下部 也作 Bermuda petrel〔extinction〕"The most effective agent in the extinction of species is the pressure of other species"(Alfred R. Wallace)“在种的灭绝中最有影响的力量是其它种的压力”(艾尔弗雷德R.华莱士)〔extinctive〕Tending to extinguish or make extinct.使灭绝，使消亡：趋于灭绝或使灭绝的〔oreodont〕Any of various extinct sheep-sized ruminant artiodactyls of the family Merycoidodontidae, widespread during the Eocene through the Miocene epochs in North America.岳齿兽：岳齿属中现已灭绝的多种体似绵羊的反刍性偶蹄动物中的任何一种，从始新世到中新世时期遍布于北美〔placoderm〕Any of various extinct fishes of the Silurian and Devonian periods, characterized by bony plates of armor covering the head and flanks, hinged jaws, and paired fins.盾皮鱼：各种现已灭绝的希留利亚纪和泥盆纪鱼类，特征是头部和两侧被多骨的甲壳盖住、有链的颚和成对的鳍〔creodont〕Any of various extinct carnivorous mammals of the suborder Creodonta, of the Paleocene Epoch to the Pliocene Epoch.肉齿类哺乳动物：任一种从古新世到上新世之间的属于肉齿亚目的多种现已灭绝的食肉哺乳动物〔extant〕Still in existence; not destroyed, lost, or extinct:现有的，未遗失的，未毁的：尚存的；未遭毁灭的，未失去的或未灭绝的：〔extinction〕The act of extinguishing.灭绝：灭绝的行为〔dinosaur〕One that is hopelessly outmoded or unwieldy:类恐龙物：灭绝或庞大的动物：〔homo〕A member of the genusHomo, which includes the extinct and extant species of human beings. 人：人 属中的一支，它包括灭绝的及现存的人类 〔Tehuelche〕A member of a South American Indian people of Patagonia, virtually exterminated by the European settlers.德卫尔彻人：居住在巴塔哥尼亚高原的南美印第安民族的人，他们实际上被欧洲移民者灭绝〔Himmler〕German Nazi leader. Second in power to Hitler, he directed the Nazi elite forces, the SS (1929-1945); commanded the Third Reich's police and secret police, the Gestapo (1936-1945); and coordinated the operation of the concentration and extermination camps (1941-1945). Captured by the British, he killed himself.希姆莱，亨利希：(1900-1945) 德国纳粹头子，权力仅次于希特勒。他领导纳粹的精英——保安梯队(1929-1945年）；负责指挥第三帝国的警察和秘密警察盖世太保(1936年-1945年）；协调集中营和灭绝集中营的行动(1941年-1945年）。被英军俘虏后，自杀身亡〔disappear〕To cease to exist.不复存在，灭绝〔dead〕 Extinct can refer to what has no living successors ( The dodo is extinct) or to what is extinguished or inactive (an extinct volcano). Extinct 可指没有继承者的(渡渡鸟绝种了) 或灭绝的或不活动的(死火山)。 〔Cretaceous〕Of, belonging to, or designating the geologic time, system of rocks, and sedimentary deposits of the third and last period of the Mesozoic Era, characterized by the development of flowering plants and the disappearance of dinosaurs. See table at geologic time 白垩纪的：属于或表明地质时期岩石体系以及中生代的第三和最后一个纪的沉积物的，此纪以有花植物的进化和恐龙的灭绝为特征 参见 geologic time〔belemnite〕A cone-shaped, fossilized internal shell of any of an extinct genus of cephalopods related to the cuttlefish.箭石：由灭绝的与乌贼有血亲关系的头足纲动物的内壳形成的尖锥状化石〔exterminate〕To get rid of by destroying completely; extirpate.See Synonyms at abolish 灭绝，根除：通过彻底摧毁来除掉；根除 参见 abolish〔uproot〕To destroy or remove completely; eradicate.根除，灭绝：完全地毁坏或消除；灭绝，根除〔eutrophic〕Having waters rich in mineral and organic nutrients that promote a proliferation of plant life, especially algae, which reduces the dissolved oxygen content and often causes the extinction of other organisms. Used of a lake or pond.（湖泊等）优氧化的：水中富有矿物有机物，有利于植物，特别是藻类的增殖，但藻类往往使分解的氧含量过低，从而使别的有机物灭绝。用于指湖泊或池塘 |
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