| 单词 | 灾难 |
| 释义 | 〔misadventure〕An instance of misfortune; a mishap.不幸事故：不幸的事件；灾难〔calamitous〕Causing or involving calamity; disastrous.灾难的：导致或涉及灾难的；灾难性的〔put〕Let's put this disaster down to experience.让我们把这次灾难归因于经验不足〔disastrous〕Accompanied by or causing distress or disaster; calamitous.灾难性的，造成灾难的：由灾难或不幸带来的，引起灾难或不幸的；不幸的〔ravage〕Grievous damage; havoc:灾难：极大的损失；灾祸：〔wreck〕To cause to undergo ruin or disaster.See Synonyms at blast ,ruin See Usage Note at wreak 使遇难：使遭受毁灭或灾难 参见 blast,ruin 参见 wreak〔fatal〕Causing ruin or destruction; disastrous:毁灭性的：引起毁灭或破坏的；灾难的：〔curse〕An appeal or prayer for evil or misfortune to befall someone or something.诅咒：让祸害或灾难降于某人或某物上的请求或祈祷〔fatally〕So as to result in disaster or ruin.灾难地：引起灾难或破坏地〔resilient〕Marked by the ability to recover readily, as from misfortune.有复原力的：表示有随时恢复的能力特征的，如从灾难中恢复〔direful〕Foreshadowing evil or disaster; ominous.不祥的：预示罪恶或灾难的；不祥预兆的〔inconceivable〕inconceivable folly; an inconceivable disaster.不可理解的蠢行；无法想象的灾难〔holocaust〕"Israel emerged from the Holocaust and is defined in relation to that catastrophe"(Emanuel Litvinoff)“以色列是在大屠杀中出现并与那次灾难有关”(伊曼纽尔·利特温诺弗)〔doomsayer〕One who predicts calamity at every opportunity.灾难预言者：一有机会就预言凶事的人〔holocaust〕Just 11 percent approved the use ofholocaust to summarize the effects of the AIDS epidemic. This suggests that other figurative usagessuch asthe huge losses in the Savings and Loan holocaust may be viewed as overblown or in poor taste. 只有百分之十一的成员同意用holocaust 来表示爱滋病流行带来的灾难。 这表明其他修辞性用法，如在在存款和贷款灾难中的巨大损失 中可能会被认为夸张或没品味 〔rather〕This use ofhad shows an unbroken line of usage running back to Middle English, and traditional criticisms of these constructions are unfounded. ·Before an unmodified noun onlyrather a is used: It was rather a disaster. When the noun is preceded by an adjective, however, bothrather a and a rather are found: It was rather a boring party. It was a rather boring party. Whena rather is used in this construction, rather can be construed as qualifying only the adjective, whereas withrather a it can be construed as qualifying either the adjective or the entire noun phrase. Thusa rather long ordeal can mean only "an ordeal that is rather long,” whereasrather a long ordeal can also mean roughly "a long process that is something of an ordeal.” Rather a is the only possible choice when the adjective itself does not permit modification: The horse was rather a long shot (not The horse was a rather long shot ). See Usage Note at better 1should Had 的这种使用方法可以一直追溯到中古英语， 但历史上并没有对此方法批评的记载。在一个没有修饰词的名词前，一般只使用rather a ： 真是一场灾难。 但当名词前有形容词时，rather a 和 a rather 就都能使用了： It was rather a boring party 。It was a rather a boring party 。 在这种搭配中，如果使用a rather ， rather 只是用来修饰这个形容词； 如果使用rather a， 那么同时修饰形容词和名词，即可认为修饰形容词也可以为修饰名词词组。 因此a rather long ordeal 的意思仅指布道很长， 而rather a long ordeal 则可概略地指一个“像布道似的漫长过程。” 如果形容词本身没有引申义，那么就只能使用rather a ： The horse was rather a long shot （而不是 The horse was a rather long shot ) 参见 better1should〔catastrophe〕A great, often sudden calamity.See Synonyms at disaster 大灾难：大的，通常是突然的灾难 参见 disaster〔alarmist〕A person who needlessly alarms or attempts to alarm others, as by inventing or spreading false or exaggerated rumors of impending danger or catastrophe.大惊小怪者；危言耸听者：不必要地进行警告或试图警告别人的人，如对即将来临的危险、灾难加以捏造或传播虚假夸张的谣言〔indurate〕"It is the curse of revolutionary calamities to indurate the heart"(Helen Maria Williams)“是由革命的灾难使人们变得麻木不仁”(海伦·玛丽亚·威廉斯)〔Malthus〕British economist who wroteAn Essay on the Principle of Population (1798), arguing that population tends to increase faster than food supply, with inevitably disastrous results, unless the increase in population is checked by moral restraints or by war, famine, and disease. 马尔萨斯，托马斯·罗伯特：(1766-1834) 英国经济学家，著有《人口论》 （1798年），认为人口的增长比食物供应的增长要快，除非对人口的增长采用道德的约束或战争、饥荒和瘟疫加以抑制，否则会导致不可避免的灾难后果 〔Pandora〕The first woman, bestowed upon humankind as a punishment for Prometheus's theft of fire. Entrusted with a box containing all the ills that could plague people, she opened it out of curiosity and thereby released all the evils of human life.潘多拉：作为对普罗米修斯盗火的惩罚送给人类的第一个女人。将装有会给人们带来灾难的所有邪恶的盒子托付给她，她出于好奇打开了盒子因而使人世间有了所有邪恶〔judgment〕A misfortune believed to be sent by God as punishment for sin.天罚，报应：被认为是上帝降下的以惩罚罪孽的灾难〔Rome〕The capital and largest city of Italy, in the west-central part of the country on the Tiber River. Traditionally founded by Romulus and Remus, it was ruled first by Etruscans, who were overthrown c. 500b.c. The Roman Republic gradually extended its territory and expanded its influence, giving way to the Roman Empire during the reign of Augustus (27 b.c. - a.d. 14). As capital of the empire, Rome was considered the center of the known world, but the city declined when Constantine transferred his capital to Byzantium (323). Alaric I conquered the city in 410, leading to a lengthy period of devastation by barbarian tribes. In the Middle Ages the city revived as the spiritual and temporal power of the papacy increased. During the 1800's Rome was held at various times by the French until it became the capital of Italy in 1871. Vatican City remains an independent enclave within the confines of Rome. Population, 2,830,569. 罗马：意大利的首都及最大城市，在该国中西部，濒临台伯河。传统上认为罗马由罗穆卢斯和瑞摩斯创建，伊特鲁里亚人最先统治罗马，并于公元前 500年被推翻。罗马共和国逐渐扩展领土和扩大势力，在奥古斯都( 公元前 27年- 公元 14年）统治时期成为罗马帝国。罗马作为帝国的首都，被认为是世界的中心，当康斯坦丁把国都迁往拜占庭后(323年），罗马衰落了。阿拉里克一世于410年征服了罗马从而使野蛮部落给罗马带来长期毁灭性的灾难。中世纪时，随着教皇宗教和世俗权力的上升，罗马又恢复了生机。19世纪期间，罗马不时受到法国人的统治，直至1871成为意大利的首都。梵蒂冈仍为罗马境内独立的外国领地。人口2,830,569 〔plague〕from Latin [blow, wound] * see plāk- 2源自 拉丁语 [灾难，受伤] * 参见 plāk- 2〔relieve〕"I . . . prayed to the Lord to mitigate a calamity which seemed to me past the capacity of man to remedy" (John Galt). “我…向上帝祈祷，祈求他减轻这场人力所不能补救的灾难” （约翰·加尔特）。 〔bode〕heavy seas that boded trouble for small craft.大海浪对小船来说意味着灾难〔fateful〕Bringing death or disaster; fatal.致命的：带来死亡或灾难的；致命的〔disaster〕"The unleashed power of the atom has changed everything save our modes of thinking, and we thus drift toward unparalleled catastrophes" (Albert Einstein). A“无需再思考，原子发出的能量已改变了一切，因此我们还走向史无前例的灾难” （爱伯特·爱因斯坦）。〔wreak〕Wreak is sometimes confused with wreck, perhaps because the wreaking of damage may leave a wreck:The storm wreaked (not wrecked ) havoc along the coast. The past tense and past participle ofwreak is wreaked, not wrought, which is an alternative past tense and past participle ofwork. Wreak 有时与 wreck 混淆， 可能是因为造成破坏可招致报复：The storm wreaked （不是 wrecked ) havoc along the coast（暴风雨给海岸带来灾难） 。 wreak 的过去时与过去分词为 wreaked, 不是 wrought, 它是work 的过去时和过去分词的另一种形式 〔nation〕"Historically the Ukrainians are an ancient nation which has persisted and survived through terrible calamity"(Robert Conquest)“从历史上来说，乌克兰民族是一个从可怕的灾难中幸免和保留下来的古老的民族”(罗伯特·康奎斯特)〔scourge〕A source of widespread, dreadful affliction and devastation such as that caused by pestilence or war.灾难，灾祸：涉及面广的令人害怕的苦难和破坏的根源，例如由瘟疫或战争引起的〔curse〕The evil or misfortune that comes in or as if in response to such an appeal:灾祸：由于或者似乎由于诅咒带来的祸害或灾难：〔woe〕economic and political woes.经济和政治的灾难〔knell〕A signal of disaster or destruction.凶讯，噩耗：灾难或毁灭的信号〔sinister〕These adjectives apply to what is indicative of or threatens great harm, disaster, or evil.这些形容词意思中都有预示或面临巨大伤害、灾难或邪恶的。〔dire〕Warning of or having dreadful or terrible consequences; calamitous:可怕的：死亡或恐怖后果的警告的；灾难的：〔plague〕Middle English plage [blow, calamity, plague] 中古英语 plage [打击，灾难，灾祸] 〔happen〕Who can predict the misery that may befall humankind?谁又能够预测可能降临到人类头上的灾难呢？〔near〕a near victory; a near disaster.差一点就成功了；差一点就发生的灾难〔ill〕Disaster, distress, or harm.灾难，痛苦，损害 |
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