| 单词 | 炼狱 |
| 释义 | 〔macabre〕The wordmacabre is an excellent example of a word formed with reference to a specific context that has long since disappeared for everyone but scholars. Macabre is first recorded in the phrase Macabrees daunce in a work written around 1430 by John Lydgate. Lydgate expressed it so because he thoughtMacabree was a French author, although he was actually dealing with the Old French phraseDanse Macabre, "the Dance of Death,” a subject of art and literature.In this dance,Death leads people of all classes and walks of life to the same final end.Themacabre element is thought by some to be an alteration of Macabe , "a Maccabee.” The Maccabees were Jewish martyrswho were honored by a feast throughout the Western Church,and reverence for them was linked to reverence for the dead.One of the biblical books of Maccabees also contains a passage (II Maccabees 12:43-45) mentioning sacrifices for the dead and their future resurrection,which has been used to defend the doctrine of Purgatory.Todaymacabre has no connection with the Maccabees and little connection with the Dance of Death,but it still has to do with death.单词macabre 是一个极好的例子，创造该词的来龙去脉除了学者之外早已被世人所遗忘。 Macabre 最早见于短语 Macabrees daunce 是在1430年前后约翰·利德盖特写的一本书中。 利德盖特这样表达是因为他认为Macabree 是源于法语的词， 实际上他指的是一个古老的法语短语Danse Macabre， “死神之舞，” 一个艺术与文学的主题。在这个舞蹈中，死神把各种各样的人带到了同一个终点。有人认为macabre 是 Macabe 的变体，“马加比人”。 马加比们就是那些犹太殉道者，在天主教会中通过节日表达对他们的敬意，对他们的尊敬和对死的敬畏是联系在一起的。基督教典籍中关于马加比人的书中有一段文字（Ⅱ马加比人12:43-45)提到对死者的祭祀和他们未来的复活，这段文字被用来捍卫关于炼狱的教义。今天macabre 与马加比人毫无联系， 与死神之舞相关甚少，但它仍与死亡有关〔Hekla〕An active volcano, 1,492.1 m (4,892 ft) high, of southwest Iceland. In medieval Icelandic folklore, Hekla was believed to be one of the gateways to purgatory.赫克拉火山：一座活火山，高1,492.1米(4,892英尺），位于冰岛西南部。在中世纪的冰岛民间故事中，赫克拉被认为是通往炼狱的大门之一〔Gehenna〕The abode of condemned souls; hell.地狱，炼狱：灵魂被惩罚合二为一的住所；地狱〔purgatorial〕Of, relating to, or resembling purgatory.炼狱的：属于、有关或与炼狱相似的〔Miller〕American playwright whose works includeDeath of a Salesman (1949), for which he won a Pulitzer Prize, and The Crucible (1953). 米勒，阿瑟：(生于 1915) 美国剧作家，其作品有《推销员之死》 （1949年），该书获普利策奖及 《炼狱》 （1953年） |
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