单词 | 烤肉 |
释义 | 〔roster〕To be told that the wordroster is related to a gridiron upon which one roasts meat might not come as a surprise, depending on what sort of rosters one's name has graced.The connection between the roster as we know it and a gridiron was made in Dutch,where the wordrooster, meaning "gridiron" (from the verb roosten, "to roast"), was extended in sense to mean "a table, list.”This extension was made because of the resemblance of a gridiron to a piece of paper divided by parallel lines that contains a list or table.The earliest use in English (first recorded in 1727) for the wordroster borrowed from Dutch was military, referring to a list or plan that outlined when officers, men, and bodies of troops should perform their turn of duty. Roster is no longer exclusively military in usage,nor does it mean simply a list of rotating turns of duty;one could perhaps even have a roster of meats to be roasted at a barbecue.如果说roster 一词与供烤肉用的烧烤架有关也许不会令人吃惊, 这就要看名字上了什么样的花名册。荷兰语把我们所知道的roster(花名册)与gridiron(烤架)联系了起来,rooster 意为“烤架”(源于动词 roosten ,意思是“烤”), 词义延伸后意为“表格,名单”。该词之所以有这样的延伸义是因为烤架与被平行线分成表格的纸张有相似之处。roster 一词从荷兰语中借用后,在英语中(第一次记载于1727年)最早运用于军事, 指粗略记录军官、士兵和部队轮流执行任务的名单或计划。 Roster 不再为军队专用,也不仅仅表示“轮班的名单”的意思,烧烤时我们甚至可以用“烤肉的肉单”〔pone〕A staple of the early American colonies from New England southward to Virginia waspone, a bread made by Native Americans from flat cakes of cornmeal dough baked in ashes.Derived from an Algonquian word meaning "to roast" or "to bake,”pone is one of several Virginia Algonquian words (including hominy and tomahawk ) borrowed into the English of the Atlantic seaboard. The wordpone, usually in the compound cornpone, is now used mainly in the South,where it means cakes of cornbread baked on a griddle or in hot ashes—as the Native Americans originally cooked it.从新英格兰往南至弗吉尼亚等早期的美洲殖民地人的一种主食玉米面包, 即由土著美洲人制作的一种面包,将扁平的玉米面团放在灰烬中烤制而成。pone 是由阿尔贡金语中一个意为“烤肉”或“烤面包”的词派生而来,它是被大西洋沿岸英语借用的几个弗吉尼亚阿尔贡金语词汇中的一个(还包括 homing牛奶玉米片粥 和 Bomahawk印第安战斧) 。 pone 这个词通常用在 cornpone 这一复合词中, 现在主要在美国南方使用,在那儿它意指在一只圆烤盘或热灰中烤出的玉米面糕——就象当初美洲土著人的那种做法〔crackling〕cracklings The crisp bits that remain after rendering fat from meat or frying or roasting the skin, especially of a pig or a goose. cracklings 脆皮:在熬油、油煎或烤肉皮后剩余下来的松脆小片,尤指猪的和鹅的〔rotisserie〕A cooking device equipped with a rotating spit on which meat or other food is roasted.电热轮转烤肉器:一种装有可烤肉或其它食物的回转式烤肉器的烹饪装置〔sauerbraten〕Braten [roast meat] from Middle High German brāte [edible meat] from Old High German brāto * see bhreu- Braten [烤肉] 源自 中古高地德语 brāte [可食用的肉] 源自 古高地德语 brāto * 参见 bhreu- 〔dripping〕Often drippings The fat and juices exuded from roasting meat, often used in making gravy. 常作 drippings 油滴,汁滴:从烤肉上渗出的油脂或汁滴,常用于做肉汁〔haslet〕from Old French [diminutive of] haste [roast meat, spit] 源自 古法语 haste的小后缀 [烤肉,烤肉铁叉] 〔skewer〕A long metal or wooden pin used to secure or suspend food during cooking; a spit.串肉杆,烤肉叉:在烹饪中用来放牢或悬挂食物的一种金属的或木头的长钉;烤肉铁叉〔panino〕An Italian sandwich made usually with vegetables, cheese, and grilled or cured meat.意式三明治:以蔬菜、奶酪与烤肉或熏肉作成的意大利三明治〔tandoor〕A cylindrical oven made of clay, heated to a high heat over charcoal or wood, and used in India for baking bread and roasting meat.唐杜里烹饪法:一种用泥土制成的圆筒形的炉子,使用时在炭火或柴火上烧到高温,在印度被用来烤制面包和烤肉〔grill〕Food cooked by broiling or grilling.烤肉,烤菜:烧烤而成的食物〔jerk〕Being or relating to a method of barbecuing meat that has been seasoned and wrapped in leaves of the allspice tree:烤肉的:一种烤肉的方法的或与之有关的,该种方法是将肉用多香果树叶卷住烘烤并用树叶来调味的:〔buccaneer〕The Errol Flynn-like figure of the buccaneer pillaging the Spanish Main may seem less dashing if we realize that the termbuccaneer corresponds to the word barbecuer. The first recorded use of the French wordboucanier, which was borrowed into English, referred to a person on the islands of Hispaniola and Tortuga who hunted wild oxen and boars and smoked the meat in a barbecue frame known in French as aboucan. This French word came from an Arawakan or Tupinamba word meaning "a rack, sometimes used for roasting or for storing things, or a racklike platform supporting an Indian house.”The original barbecuers seem to have subsequently adapted a more remunerative way of life, piracy,which accounts for the new meaning given to the word.Buccaneer is recorded first in 1661 in its earlier sense in English; the sense we are familiar with is recorded in 1690.如果我们认识到buccaneer 一词与 barbecuer 一词词意相当,那么象艾洛尔·弗里恩这样掠夺西班牙船只的海盗也许看起来不算是勇敢了。 法语词boucanier 借用到英语中最早记录下来的意义, 是指生活在伊斯帕尼奥拉岛和托丢伽岛上的人,他们猎野牛和野猪,在boucan 这种烧烤架上烤肉。 这个法语词来自阿拉瓦克语或图皮南巴语,意为“一种架子,有时用来炙烤或贮藏食物,或指架状平台,用来支撑印第安人的房子”。专事炙烤的土著后来适应了海上掠夺这一更有利可图的生活方式。这就是boucan一词为什么被赋予了新的意义。Buccaneer 的早些时候的意义于1661年最早用英语记录下来, 而我们所熟悉的该词的含义是于1690年记录下来的 |
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