| 单词 | 烹调 |
| 释义 | 〔cuisine〕from coquere [to cook] * see pek w- 源自 coquere [烹调] * 参见 pek w- 〔frittata〕An open-faced omelet, often cooked with meat, cheese, or vegetables.菜肉馅煎蛋饼：一种有馅但无上面一层的煎蛋卷，常和肉、奶酪和蔬菜一起烹调〔proof〕To become properly light for cooking:发酵：变得适合烹调的松软：〔microwave〕To cook or heat (food) in a microwave oven.用微波炉烹调或加热（食物）〔sodden〕Soggy and heavy from improper cooking; doughy.粘乎乎的：因烹调不当造成湿而粘的；放松的〔Escoffier〕French chef of grand hotels, such as the Savoy and Carlton in London. He wrote several cookery books, includingLe Guide Culinaire (1903). 埃斯科菲耶，奥古斯特：(1846-1935) 曾任伦敦的萨伏依和卡尔登等大饭店的法国主厨师，他编写了几本关于烹调的书，像《烹饪指导》 （1903年） 〔flapdoodle〕"Behind the tourist flap-doodle, authentic[Key West] cooking is produced by the descendants of Bahamian English and Cubans, who migrated to this coral reef over a century ago" (Betty Fussell)“在游客们的无稽之谈中有这样的说法，真正的[基韦斯特岛] 烹调食品是由巴哈马群岛一个世纪前移民到此珊瑚礁地带的英国人和古巴人的后代做的” (贝蒂·富赛尔)〔kitchen〕A staff that prepares, cooks, and serves food.厨师：准备、烹调，和供应食物的人员〔cook〕from coquere [to cook] * see pek w- 源自 coquere [烹调] * 参见 pek w- 〔derma〕Beef casing stuffed with a seasoned mixture of matzo meal or flour, onion, and suet, prepared by boiling, then roasting. Also called kishke ,stuffed derma 烤牛肉香肠：用调味后的小牛肉、面粉、洋葱和板油的混合物填满，先煮再烤烹调而成的牛肠 也作 kishke,stuffed derma〔cook〕To undergo application of heat especially for the purpose of later ingestion.烹调：尤指为了以后的食用而进行加热烹调〔salad〕The wordsalad may have come to us from Vulgar Latin, the chiefly unrecorded common speech of the ancient Romans, which is distinguished from standard literary, or Classical, Latin.The word takes its origin from the fact that salt was and is an important ingredient of salad dressings.Hence the Vulgar Latin verb.salāre, "to salt,” from Latin sāl, "salt,” in the past participial form .salāta, "having been salted,” came to mean "salad.” The Vulgar Latin word passed into languages descending from it,such as Portuguese (salada ) and Old Provençal ( salada ). Old French may have borrowed its wordsalade from Old Provençal. Medieval Latin also carried on the Vulgar Latin word in the formsalāta. As in the case of so many culinary delights, the English borrowed the word and probably the dish from the French.The Middle English wordsalade, from Old French salade and Medieval Latin salāta, is first recorded in a recipe book composed before 1399. Salad 一词可能源于俗拉丁语， 一种区别于文学拉丁语和古典拉丁语的古罗马平民使用的无记载语言。该词有其起源是因为盐是沙拉调料的重要成分。因此从拉丁词sal ，“盐”的过去分词形式 Salata （“被加过盐的”）使俗拉丁语动词 salare “撒盐”转化为“沙拉”一义。 由此俗拉丁语词传入多种语言，如葡萄牙语(salada )和古普罗旺斯语( salada )。 古法语中的salade 一词可能来自于古普罗旺斯语。 中世纪拉丁语salata 也来自于该俗拉丁语。 因为有如此多烹调的乐趣，英国人从法国人那里借用了该词及这道菜。来自于古法语的Salade 及中世纪拉丁语 salāta 的中世纪英语中的 salade 一词被记载于1399年以前编的一本菜谱里 〔lasagna〕from Latin lasanum [chamber pot, cooking pot] 源自 拉丁语 lasanum [密闭的罐子，烹调罐] 〔brown〕To cook until brown.烹调直至呈现棕（褐）色〔poach〕To cook in a boiling or simmering liquid:水煮，烹：在煮沸的液体中烹调，或在热水中煮：〔cookout〕A meal cooked and served outdoors.野餐：在室外烹调并食用的一餐〔Pennell〕American writer known for her art and cooking columns. She collaborated with her husbandJoseph Pennell (1857-1956), an illustrator, on a number of works, including Lithography and Lithographers (1898). 彭尼尔，伊丽莎白·罗宾斯：(1855-1936) 以杰出的艺术创作及烹调专栏而著名的美国作家，与她的插图画家丈夫约瑟夫·佩内尔 (1857-1956年）共同创作了包括 《平版印刷术和平版画师》 （1898年）等许多作品 〔braciola〕A thin slice of meat, usually wrapped around a stuffing and cooked with wine.肉卷：细肉条，常用于裹填料和与酒一起烹调〔tournedos〕A fillet of beef cut from the tenderloin, often bound in bacon or suet for cooking.里脊肉：从嫩腰肉上割下的牛里脊肉，通常包在咸肉或板油中加以烹调〔scrod〕A young cod or haddock, especially one split and boned for cooking as the catch of the day.小鳕鱼：幼鳕鱼或黑线鳕，尤指已去骨切片以备烹调的〔kitchen〕from feminine of Latin coquīnus [of cooking] 源自 拉丁语 coquīnus的阴性词 [属于烹调] 〔cuisine〕variant of Latin coquīna [kitchen, cookery] 拉丁语 coquīna的变体 [厨房，烹调的地方] 〔baste〕To moisten (meat, for example) periodically with a liquid, such as melted butter or a sauce, especially while cooking.在…上滴（浇、抹）油脂：尤指烹调（肉类）时，间歇地淋上一种液体加以润湿，如溶化了的奶油或酱汁〔develop〕develops his recipes to perfection; an extra year of study to develop virtuosic technique.改良烹调变得更完善；多学一年以便进一步提高鉴赏能力〔broil〕To cook by direct radiant heat, as over a grill or under an electric element.烤，炙：由直接辐射热量烹调，如在烤架上或电器件下〔terrine〕A food, especially a pâté or a mixture of chopped meat or fish and vegetables, that is cooked or served in such a dish.与陶罐一起出售的食物：在这样的陶罐中烹调或装的食品，尤指馅饼或一种由肉条、鱼条和蔬菜条组成的混合食物〔steam〕To expose to steam, as in cooking.蒸：烹调时暴露于蒸汽中〔ghee〕A clarified, semifluid butter used especially in Indian cooking.印度酥油：一种清澈半流质的黄油，主要用于印度食品的烹调〔housework〕The tasks, such as cleaning and cooking, that are performed in housekeeping.家事，家务活：家中所干之活，例如打扫卫生和（烹调）做饭〔annatto〕The seed of this plant, used as a coloring and sometimes as a flavoring, especially in Latin American cuisine.胭脂树籽：这种植物的种籽，用作染色品，有时作调味品，尤其在拉丁美洲的烹调中〔concoct〕To prepare by mixing ingredients, as in cooking.调制：把调料混合在一起调制，例如在烹调中〔haute〕"In Washington, haute gastronomy is at least as important as the national economy"(Ann L. Trebbe)“在华盛顿，精美烹调技术至少和国民经济一样重要”(安L.特雷比)〔kitchen〕from coquere [to cook] * see pek w- 源自 coquere [烹调] * 参见 pek w- 〔potstone〕A variety of steatite once used to make cooking vessels.粗皂石，块滑石：曾经用来制造烹调器皿的各种块滑石〔griddle〕To cook on a flat metal surface.用平底锅（或圆盘）来烹调〔cooktop〕A flat cooking surface making up the top of a stove or built into a countertop, usually having electric heating elements covered by a sheet of glass.嵌入式四眼电炉：组成炉子上部或建在厨房操作台的烹调的平台，通常有覆盖一层玻璃的电热电池〔krummkake〕The Upper Midwest received a great influx of Scandinavian immigrants in the 19th century,and the English that these people learned was augmented by Scandinavian words for their native food and customs.Thus we havekrummkake, the name of a large, light, very thin Norwegian cookiemade from an egg-based batter poured into an embossed hinged iron similar to a waffle iron.Peeled off the iron while warm and pliable,each krummkake is then rolled around a cone-shaped metal tubeso that it hardens in that shapeand is filled with sweetened whipped cream.Krummkake is best known in the Upper Midwest,but the term is familiar elsewhere thanks to the inclusion of the recipe in nationally used cookbooks.美国中西部的北部地区在19世纪涌入了大批斯堪的纳维亚移民，他们在他们所学的英语中加入了食物和风俗方面的斯堪的纳维亚词语。这样就有了krummkake 这个词, 这是一种大而薄的淡色挪威糕点。它由以鸡蛋为主要材料成份的面糊倒入一个类似于烘饼铁钳模的雕花铰链式铁钳模而成。在它还温热和柔韧的时候把它从模子里取下来，然后把它包在一个圆锥形的金属管上，这样它变硬的时候就成了那个形状，再加入加糖的掼奶油。在中西部北部地区最为常见，但是由于在全国通用的烹调书都收进了这种方法，所以各地的人对这个词都很熟悉〔marinade〕A liquid mixture, usually of vinegar or wine and oil with various spices and herbs, in which meat, fowl, fish, and vegetables are soaked before cooking.腌泡汁：一种液体混合物，通常将醋或葡萄酒与油混合并掺加各种香料和香草，其中的肉、禽、鱼和蔬菜在烹调前都要在里面浸透〔chayote〕A tropical American perennial herbaceous vine(Sechium edule) having tendrils, tuberous roots, and an edible, pear-shaped fruit cooked as a vegetable. 佛手瓜：热带地区的多年生草本藤蔓植物（佛手瓜属 佛手瓜） ，有卷须、块根和可作为蔬菜烹调的梨形可食果实 〔cooker〕One that cooks, especially a utensil or an appliance for cooking.炊具，厨灶：烹调（食物）的东西，尤指用于蒸煮的用具或装置 |
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