| 单词 | 焦点 |
| 释义 | 〔life〕An animated, amusing person who is the center of attention at a social gathering.聚会的灵魂人物：在社交场合是人们注意的焦点的活跃的、有趣的人〔focus〕the focus of a lens. Also called focal point 透镜的焦点 也作 focal point〔astigmatism〕A visual defect in which the unequal curvature of one or more refractive surfaces of the eye, usually the cornea, prevents light rays from focusing clearly at one point on the retina, resulting in blurred vision.乱视，像散：一种视力缺陷，眼球表示面一点或多点折射时屈光不均，通常为角膜，使光线不能清晰地在视网膜上聚为一个焦点，从而导致视力模糊不清〔focus〕A point at which rays of light or other radiation converge or from which they appear to diverge, as after refraction or reflection in an optical system:焦点：几条光线或其他射线相交的一点，或在一个光学系统中经折射或反射后呈发散状的光线的出发点：〔focus〕To render (an object or image) in clear outline or sharp detail by adjustment of one's vision or an optical device; bring into focus.使集中于焦点：通过调节视力或光学仪器使（一物体或图象）外缘清晰或细节分明；调焦〔defocus〕The act or result of causing a lens to deviate from accurate focus.散焦，去焦：使透镜偏离准确的焦点的行为或结果〔iconoclast〕An iconoclast can be unpleasant company,but at least the modern iconoclast only attacks such things as ideas and institutions.The original iconoclasts destroyed countless works of art.Eikonoklastēs, the ancestor of our word, was first formed in Medieval Greek from the elements eikōn, "image, likeness,” and -klastēs, "breaker,” fromklan, "to break.” The images referred to by the word are religious images,which were the subject of controversy among Christians of the Byzantine Empire in the 8th and 9th centuries, when iconoclasm was at its height.Those who opposed images did not, of course, simply destroy them, although many were demolished;they also attempted to have the images barred from display and veneration.During the Protestant Reformationimages in churches were again felt to be idolatrous and were once more banned and destroyed.It is around this time thaticonoclast, the descendant of the Greek word, is first recorded in English (1641), with reference to the Greek iconoclasts.In the 19th centuryiconoclast took on the secular sense that it has today, as in "Kant was the great iconoclast" (James Martineau).亵渎偶像者可能令人生厌，但至少现代的偶像毁坏者只是攻击思想和制度这类东西。最初的偶像破坏者却毁掉了无数的艺术作品。Eikonoklastes 最早见于中世纪希腊语，是我们现代词的前身，由 eikon 意为“图象，相象”和 -klastes 意为“毁坏者”组成， 它又来源于klan “打碎”的意思。 此词所说的肖像是指宗教的肖像，8至9世纪当毁坏偶像主义在拜占庭帝国盛行时，宗教偶像成为基督教徒中争执的焦点。反对宗教肖像的人尽管销毁了不少画像，但这并不是他们唯一的形式，他们也试图禁止偶像展览和偶像崇拜。在新教改革时期，教堂里的宗教画像再次被认为是盲目崇拜而遭到禁止和毁灭。正是在这一时期iconoclast 一词开始作为希腊语的衍生词在英语中出现， 第一次记录于1641年。到19世纪，iconoclast 一词开始有了现代的含意， 比如在“康德是一位伟大的传统叛逆者”（詹姆士·马提诺）〔focus〕To converge on or toward a central point of focus; be focused.集中于焦点：在中心焦点或向中心焦点集中；被集聚〔focal〕Placed at or measured from a focus.焦点上的：设置在焦点上的或从焦点处测量的〔locus〕A center or focus of great activity or intense concentration:核心：重要活动或注意力的中心或焦点：〔phallic〕Of or relating to the third stage of psychosexual development in psycholanalytic theory during which the genital organs first become the focus of sexual feeling.性器期的：在精神分析理论中性变态发展的第三个阶段，此时生殖器官首次成为性感受的焦点；或与之有关的〔confocal〕Having the same focus or foci. Used of a lens.共焦的：有共同焦点的。用于透镜〔soft〕soft charcoal shading; a scene filmed in soft focus.柔和的木炭画；焦点迷散的拍摄场景〔focalize〕To adjust or come to a focus.使聚焦：调整或达到焦点〔gather〕To attract or be a center of attraction for:吸引：吸引，成为一注意力集中的焦点：〔infinity〕A distance setting, as on a camera, beyond which the entire field is in focus.无限远标志：一个距离的设定，比如在照像机上，表示整个场景都在焦点内〔cynosure〕An object that serves as a focal point of attention and admiration.引人注目者：作为注意和羡慕的焦点事物〔tight〕Tight is used as an adverb following verbs that denote a process of closure or constriction, assqueeze, shut, close, tie, and hold. In this useit is subtly distinct from the adverbtightly. Tight denotes the state resulting from the process,whereastightly denotes the manner of its application. As such,tight is more appropriate when the focus is on a state that endures for some time after the activity has ended. The sentenceShe closed up the house tight suggests preparation for an impending blizzard. By the same token, it is more natural to sayThe windows were frozen tight than The windows were frozen tightly, since in this case the tightness of the seal is not likely to be the result of the manner in which the windows were frozen.With a few verbstight is used idiomatically as an intensive and is the only possible form: sleep tight; sit tight. Tight can be used only following the verb:The house was tightly (not tight ) shut. Tight 作副词用在表示关闭或压迫过程的动词后， 如squeeze，shut，close，tie 和 hold 。 在这种用法中，它与副词tightly有细微的差别。 Tight 表示过程导致的状态，而tightly 表示使用这些动作的方式。 因此，当焦点放在动作结束后仍然能持续一段时间的状态时，用tight 更为恰当。 句子她把房子的门窗紧紧地关起来 中表示准备迎接即将来到的暴风雪。 同样，我们说The windows were frozen tight 比 The windows were frozen tightly 更为自然， 因为这里的密封不大可能是窗子被冻上的结果。tight 还与几个动词结合惯用为加强语气的成分，且是唯一可能的形式： sleep tight； sit tight。 Tight 只能用于动词后：房子紧紧地 （而非 tight ) 关闭着 。 〔snap〕snap to attention.See Synonyms at jerk 1快速地进入注意的焦点 参见 jerk1〔magisterial〕"She would appear on the porch and reign over the street in magisterial beauty"(Harper Lee)“她会出现在阳台上，以她雍容之美成为注目的焦点”(哈珀·李)〔center〕the focus of research efforts;研究工作的焦点；〔focalize〕To bring or be brought to a focus; sharpen.调节焦距：聚或使聚到一个焦点；使尖锐〔mark〕"A mounted officer would be a conspicuous mark"(Ambrose Bierce)“晋升的官员将成为众目注视的焦点”(安布罗斯·比尔斯)〔hub〕A center of activity or interest; a focal point.See Synonyms at center 中心；焦点：活动或兴趣之中心；焦点 参见 center〔omphalos〕A central part; a focal point.中心部分；焦点〔nonissue〕A matter of so little import that it ought not become a focus of controversy and comment:不成问题的问题：如此不重要的事，以至于它不应该成为争论或议论的焦点：〔parameter〕New Latin parametrum [a line through the focus and parallel to the directrix of a conic] 新拉丁语 parametrum [通过焦点并与圆锥曲线的准轴线平行的直线] 〔fixate〕"Movies and television seem especially fixated on the troubled Vietnam veteran"(James Hall-Sheehy)“看来电影和电视把焦点特别对准了陷入困境的越军退役军人”(詹姆斯·霍尔—希伊)〔focal〕Of or relating to a focus.焦点的：焦点的或与焦点有关的〔Livonia〕A region of western European U.S.S.R. comprising southern Latvia and northern Estonia. The Livonian Brothers of the Sword conquered the area in the 13th century and converted the inhabitants to Christianity. After the dissolution of the order (1561), Livonia was contested by Poland, Russia, and Sweden, finally passing to Russia in 1721.利福尼亚：苏联欧洲部分西部的一个地区，由拉脱维亚南部及爱沙尼亚北部组成，13世纪宝剑骑士团征服该地区并使其居民皈依基督教。骑士团解散后（1561年），该地成为波兰、俄国和瑞典争夺的焦点，最后于1721年交于俄国〔astigmatism〕A refractive defect of a lens or other optical system that prevents light rays from converging at a single point, resulting in a blurred or imperfect image.散光：有折射缺陷的透镜或其它光学系统，阻碍光线汇聚于一个焦点，形成一个模糊或不完全的图象 |
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