| 单词 | 爱尔兰 |
| 释义 | 〔Sligo〕A municipal borough of northern Ireland onSligo Bay, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean. There are megalithic ruins nearby. Population, 17,232. 斯莱戈：爱尔兰北部一自治城市，濒临斯莱戈湾 ，为大西洋上的一个小港。附近有许多巨石废墟。人口17,232 〔boycott〕After Charles C. Boycott (1832-1897), English land agent in Ireland 源自查理斯·C 博伊考特 （1832-1897年），爱尔兰的英国土地独家代理商 〔Fenian〕One of a legendary group of heroic Irish warriors of the second and third centuriesa.d. 芬尼：传说中的公元 2世纪和3世纪保卫爱尔兰的一帮勇士中的一个 〔puss〕Irish Gaelic pus [mouth] 爱尔兰盖尔语 pus [嘴] 〔Fenian〕A member of a secret revolutionary organization in the United States and Ireland in the mid-19th century, dedicated to the overthrow of British rule in Ireland.芬尼亚会会员：19世纪中期在美国和爱尔兰的一个以推翻英国在爱尔兰的统治为目标的秘密革命组织的成员〔Joyce〕Irish writer whose literary innovations have had a profound influence on modern fiction. His works includeUlysses (1922) and Finnegans Wake (1939). 乔伊斯，詹姆斯：(1882-1941) 爱尔兰作家，他创新的文学手法对现代小说有着深远影响。他的作品包括《尤利西斯》 (1922年）以及 《为芬尼根守灵》 (1939年） 〔Paddy〕Nickname for Irish Gaelic Pádraig [Patrick] 爱尔兰盖尔语 Pádraig的绰号 [帕特里克] 〔Dillon〕Irish politician who led the Irish Nationalist Party in 1918.狄龙，约翰：(1851-1927) 1918年领导爱尔兰民族主义党的爱尔兰政治家〔bonnyclabber〕Irish Gaelic bainne clabair 爱尔兰盖尔语 bainne clabair 〔drumlin〕from Irish Gaelic druim [back, ridge] 源自 爱尔兰盖尔语 druim [背，脊] 〔dornick〕The worddornick is used from Pennsylvania westward to Illinois. It probably comes from Irish Gaelicdornóg, "a small round stone.” However, it is not clear which group of Gaelic-speaking Irish immigrants brought the word with them.Craig M. Carver, author ofAmerican Regional Dialects, thinks it unlikely that dornick came over with the large numbers of Irish immigrants after the famine of 1846-1847 since the word was apparently well established in Missouri and Arkansas by the middle of the 19th century.Carver attributes the introduction of the term to the Scotch-Irish Protestants from Northern Ireland who emigrated to America in the 18th century. Dornick must have been one of the "few purely Irish terms" in the otherwise English and Scots lexicon of the Scotch-Irish.单词dornick 的使用范围东起宾夕法尼亚州西至伊利诺斯州。 可能起源于爱尔兰的盖尔语dornog， “小而圆的石头”。 然而，究竟哪一批操盖尔语的爱尔兰移民带来的这个词尚不清楚。美国地区方言 的作者克雷格M·卡弗尔认为 dornick 不可能是在1846至1847年的大饥荒之后由爱尔兰人带来的， 因为该词在19世纪中叶就很明显地在密苏里州和阿肯色州使用起来了。卡弗尔认为该词是由来自北爱尔兰的苏格兰爱尔兰新教徒在18世纪带到美国来的。 Dornick 肯定是“少有的纯正爱尔兰语”之一，在苏格兰爱尔兰词典中是英语或苏格兰词语〔poteen〕Unlawfully distilled Irish whiskey.私酿的经蒸馏的爱尔兰威士忌酒〔hosey〕Children in New England, especially in the Boston area,use the expressionI hosey when they are choosing sides for a game. TheBoston Globe asked readers about it in late 1987 and received responses from Boston; Belmont, Massachusetts; New Hampshire; and Maine.Its users agree that it is a children's expressionbut are unsure of its origin—some think that it derives from a pronunciation ofchoose with a heavy Irish brogue. Another possible origin of the expression is French-Canadianchoisir, "to choose.” 新英格兰，特别是波士顿地区的孩子们在进行一种游戏时，用我加入 表示选择加入哪一边来分组。 波士顿环球 杂志在1987年后半年时就此用语向其读者进行征询， 得到了波士顿地区、马萨诸塞州贝尔蒙特地区、新罕布什尔州及缅因州的读者的响应。此语使用者同意此语为孩童用语这一说法，但都不能确定其来源。有些读者认为其来自choose 这一词的带有浓重爱尔兰土腔的发音。 另一可能的词源是加拿大法语中choisir 一词“选择” 〔Irish〕Of or relating to Ireland or its people, language, or culture.爱尔兰的：爱尔兰的或爱尔兰人的，爱尔兰语的，爱尔兰文化的〔ferninst〕Ferninst, meaning "opposite, next to, against,” has been attributed to Irish English, brought over during the peak years of Irish immigration to the United States in the mid-19th century. However, other, earlier citations with various spellings date further back: "I walked with them to a room nearly fornent the old state-house" (Davy Crockett). These variant forms are traceable to the American colonial period, when the source of ferninst was probably Scotland or other parts of the British Isles. The term is now dying out; Craig M. Carver, in his book American Regional Dialects, reports that "only nine [ DARE ] informants, all well over sixty-five years of age, used this term.” A derived noun ferninster, meaning "someone who is deliberately contrary,” is also used: "The trouble with the Republican leaders in Congress . . . is that they are just ferninsters" (William Allen White). Ferninst 的意思是“在…对面、附近或旁边，”该词曾被认为属于爱尔兰英语，是19世纪中期爱尔兰人迁移到美国的高峰期带来的。然而，其它或更早的不同拼写的引证可追溯到更远： “我和他们走到几乎正对着那个旧客舱的一个屋子里” （戴维克·罗克特）。这些不同的形式可追溯到美国殖民时期， ferninst 的起源可能是苏格兰或英国小岛的其他部分。这个词条现在消失了；克瑞格·M·卡文，在他的书 美国地区方言 中记述了“仅九个[ 美国方言 资料提供者，年纪都已过了六十五岁，用这个词条”。派生的名词 ferninster， 意思是“故意相反的人，”也用于： 共和党领导在议会中的麻烦…是因为他们只是些自相矛盾的人 （威廉·艾伦·怀特） 〔twig〕Irish Gaelic tuigim [I understand] 爱尔兰盖尔语 tuigim [我明白] 〔limerick〕Etymologies can sometimes be a bit disappointing,as, for example,when one is told thatlimerick is named after a city or county in Ireland without being told why it is so named.Unfortunately, we run into a difficulty here that is not uncommonly faced by etymologists,namely, that no one is precisely sure why this piece of humorous verse was so named.One theory is that it was named for a group of poets who wrote in Limerick in the 18th century;another, that it came from a custom at parties of making up a nonsense verse and following it with a chorus of "Will you come up to Limerick.”In any case,the first limericks appeared in books published in 1820 and 1821,and the form was popularized by Edward Lear in a collection published in 1846.The word itself, however, is not recorded until 1896.Let us sum up by saying:"There once was a verse form named limerick./No one can account for the name of it./Some think from a game/Or from poets it came./If you know please come up to Limerick.”查看词源学后会经常令我们失望，这是因为，比如，当某人得知limerick 是由爱尔兰的一城市（或一个郡的）名字而来， 却并不告知这样命名的原因。不幸的是，我们碰到了一个词源学家经常遇到的难题，那就是，没有一个人能确定为什么这种幽默的诗歌这样命名。一种理论认为它是源于18世纪在利默里克写作的一群诗人；还有一种看法认为它是源于一种集会上的风俗，这种风俗要求写完一毫无意义的诗后众人合唱“你将去利默里克吗”。不管怎样，1820年和1821年出版的这种五行打油诗集子广为流传，爱德华·利尔于1846年出版的集子使这种形式得到普及。但是，这个单词直到1896年才有记载。我们可以通过这么说来总结：“曾经有种诗的形式名叫利默里克。/但没有人能解释它的名字。/有人认为源于一种游戏/或源于一群诗人。/如果你知道就到利默里克来。”〔rapparee〕Irish Gaelic rapaire 爱尔兰盖尔语 rapaire 〔hubbub〕[Probably of Irish Gaelic origin] ; akin to Scottish Gaelic ubub [an interjection of aversion or contempt] [可能源于爱尔兰的盖尔语] ；类似于 苏格兰的盖尔语 ubub [表示反感或轻蔑的感叹词] 〔Hyde〕Irish nationalist and writer who founded the Gaelic League (1893) and was president of Ireland (1938-1945).海德，道格拉斯：(1860-1949) 爱尔兰民族主义者，作家，盖尔联合会的奠基人(1893年），爱尔兰总统(1938-1945年）〔esker〕Irish Gaelic eiscir 爱尔兰盖尔语 eiscir 〔colleen〕An Irish girl.科琳：一个爱尔兰女孩〔Raleigh〕English courtier, navigator, colonizer, and writer. A favorite of Elizabeth I, he campaigned in Ireland and Cádiz, explored Guiana, colonized Virginia, and introduced tobacco and the potato to Europe. Convicted of treason by James I, he was released for another expedition to Guiana and executed after its failure. His literary works include poetry, memoirs, and a world history.罗利，沃尔特：(1552?-1618) 英国大臣，航海家，殖民者，作家。他是伊丽莎白一世的宠臣，曾在爱尔兰和卡迪兹活动，考察了圭亚那，在弗吉尼亚州移民，把烟草和马铃薯传入欧洲。詹姆斯一世时被判为叛国罪，获释后又到圭亚那进行了一次远征，远征失败而被处死。他的文学著作包括诗歌、回忆录和世界历史〔galloglass〕Irish Gaelic galloglach 爱尔兰盖尔语 galloglach 〔Moore〕Irish writer whose works include poetry, drama, criticism, and novels, such asEsther Waters (1894). 穆尔，乔治：(1852-1933) 爱尔兰作家，作品包括诗歌、戏剧、评论及小说，例如《伊斯特·沃特斯》 （1894年） 〔Gladstone〕British political leader who served as Liberal prime minister four times (1868-1874, 1880-1885, 1886, and 1892-1894). He enacted educational and parliamentary reforms and supported Irish home rule.格莱斯顿，威廉·尤尔特：(1809-1898) 英国政治领导人，曾作为自由党人四次担任首相（1868-1874、1880-1885、1886和1892-1894年）。他进行了教育和议会的改革并支持爱尔兰的自治〔Connacht〕A historical region of west-central Ireland. An ancient native kingdom, it was dominated by the O'Connor family in the 11th and 12th centuries.康诺特省：爱尔兰中西部-历史地区。它曾是一个古代帝国，在11世纪和12世纪被奥康瑙尔家族统治〔slob〕Irish Gaelic slab [mud] 爱尔兰盖尔语 slab [泥] 〔phony〕from Irish Gaelic fáinne [ring] 源自 爱尔兰盖尔语 fáinne [戒指] 〔Heaney〕Irish poet whose work is typified by dense, earthy imagery and concern for the political crises of his homeland. His books includeDeath of a Naturalist (1966) and Field Work (1979). 希内，希穆斯·查士丁：(生于 1939) 爱尔兰诗人，作品以丰富朴实的意象和关心祖国的政治危机为特征，其诗集包括《一个自然主义者的死》 （1966年）和 《野外作业》 （1979年） 〔Irishwoman〕A woman of Irish birth or ancestry.爱尔兰妇女：生于爱尔兰或有爱尔兰血统的女性〔spree〕A spending spree seems a far cry from a cattle raid,yet etymologists have suggested that the wordspree comes from the Scots word spreath, "cattle raid.” The wordspree is first recorded in a poem in Scots dialect in 1804 in the sense of "a lively outing.” This sense is closely connected with a sense recorded soon afterward (in 1811), "a drinking bout,”while the familiar sense "an overindulgence in an activity,”as in aspending spree, is recorded in 1849. Scots and Irish dialect also have a sense "a fight,”which may help connect the word and the sense "lively outing" with the Scots wordspreath, meaning variously, "booty,” "cattle taken as spoils,” "a herd of cattle taken in a raid,” and "cattle raid.” The Scots word comes from Irish and Scottish Gaelicspréidh, "cattle,” which in turn ultimately comes from Latin praeda, "booty.” This last link reveals both the importance of the Latin language to Gaelicand a connection between cattle and plunder in earlier Irish and Scottish societies.狂欢作乐似乎与牛的袭击相去甚远，然而词源学表明spree 来自苏格兰语 spreath “牛的袭击”。 Spree 在1804年首次出现于苏格兰方言写成的一首诗中，意为“活跃的出游”。 这个意思与不久之后(1811年）出现的意思“狂饮”很接近，而相近的意思“无节制的狂热行为”，比如spending spree 于1849年出现。 苏格兰和爱尔兰方言还有“打架”的意思，这可能有助于将该词同其意义与苏格兰语spreath 的不同意思相联系，这些意思为“战利品”、“作为掠夺品的牛”、“袭击中所得的一群牛”或“牛袭击”。 这个苏格兰词来自爱尔兰和苏格兰盖尔人的语言 spréidh “牛”（此词最终源自拉丁语 praeda “战利品”）。 这一最后的联系不仅表明拉丁语同盖尔语的重要联系，也表明早期爱尔兰和苏格兰社会中牛和劫掠的联系〔Anne〕Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1702-1714). The last monarch of the Stuart line, she was also the last English ruler to exercise the royal veto over Parliament (1707).安妮女王：大不列颠和爱尔兰的女王(1702-1714年）。斯图亚特王朝的最后一代君主，她也是最后一位行使否决议会决议权的英国统治者(1707年）〔gombeen〕Irish Gaelic gaimbín [diminutive of] gamba [leg, lump] perhaps influenced by glamba [heap] 爱尔兰盖尔语 gaimbín gamba的小后缀 [腿，团] 可能受 glamba的影响 [堆] 〔Limerick〕A borough of southwest Ireland on the Shannon River estuary. It was an important Norse settlement in the 9th and 10th centuries and was taken by the English in the late 12th century. The city is noted for its fine lace. Population, 60,736.利默尼里克：爱尔兰西南部一地区，位于香农河河口。在9世纪和10世纪时是斯堪的纳维亚人的重要居住地，在12世纪后期被英格兰人占领。以出产精美的绣花边闻名。人口60,736〔galore〕Irish Gaelic go leór [enough] 爱尔兰盖尔语 go leór [足够的，充分的] 〔Galway〕A region of west-central Ireland bordering onGalway Bay, an inlet of the Atlantic Ocean. The city of Galway (population, 37,835) was incorporated in the late 14th century and is today an important industrial and tourist center. 戈尔韦：爱尔兰中西部的一个地区，濒临大西洋的入口戈尔韦湾 。 戈尔韦 城（人口37,835年）于14世纪末形成，现在是非常重要工业和旅游中心 〔Cuchulain〕A hero of ancient Ulster who single-handedly defended it against the rest of Ireland.库丘林：古时乌尔斯特的一位英雄，他单枪匹马保卫祖国并反抗爱尔兰其他地区的入侵者的英雄〔Patrick〕Christian missionary and patron saint of Ireland.爱尔兰基督教士和守护神〔gob〕Perhaps from Scottish and Irish Gaelic 可能源自 苏格兰及爱尔兰盖尔语 |
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